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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Francis Galton, hereditary Genius
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cousin of Darwin, proposed that intelligence is hereditary, reviewed lineages of famous "geniuses," made IQ test that failed (how many stones does a hog weigh?)
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Pearson and Correlation Coefficient
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-1,+1,0, raised concern about mental abilities and their longterm consequences (small families), failed to pick up that least able people failed to marry and have children
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Why was Binet so concerned about making a valid IQ test?
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He would observe special needs children go to physicians and get inconsistent and unreliable reviews from the doctors
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Binet thought mental ability was related to ___. Why?
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Age: he observed his three daughters at home and noticed their intelligence was reflected upon their age
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What were some normal observations of 3 and 12 year olds according to the Binet IQ test?
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3 year olds: point to nose, eyes, mouth, repeat 2 digits, can give family name
12 year olds: repeat 7 digits, repeat sentences of 26 syllables |
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Henry Goddard
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translated Binet test to English
administered it to immigrants on Ellis Island |
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What caused Goddard to accept Galton's theory that intelligence is hereditary?
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All of the immigrants failed because the test was in English
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Eugenics Movement
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Smarter immigrants and Americans had more opportunities to have children whereas others were sterilized
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Old way to calculate IQ versus new way?
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Old: (MA/CA)*100
New: Standard Deviation |
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Three things administered in the Bayley Test
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turn to bell, reach for toy, replicate block formations
psychomotor scale and mental scale Cocoa did well on psychomotor long-term cannot be predicted through the Bayley test |
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Who did the study of the "gifted"?
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Terman. After he did Robert Sears picked up the study
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Some characteristics/findings of Terman's study of the gifted
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good health and stature, high intelligence later in life, tended to come from upper class families, good intellectual abilities across the board
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"Genius Revisited"
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took kids from top percent at elementary school, these kids may have been really smart but were not actually famous on any known list, concluding that they may be good at LEARNING but not exceptional at DOING things. Intelligence may not be directly correlated with perseverance or curiosity.
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Who was accused of fraud in his studies and why?
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Burt, his correlation did not change through time as much as they should, twin studies
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Who redid Burt's studies on monozygotic twins and what were his findings?
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Bouchard:
physical traits (0.65-0.8 correlation) IQ (60% of inheritable intelligence) personality traits (0.5-0.6 correlation) when reunited, found many other random similarities |
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birth-order findings: up through five, out of two
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First born is usually smarter out of two (but this can be due to the fact that they can teach, and received more parental involvement earlier)
Weak correlation up to five, negative relationship in more than five (youngest will be dumbest) |
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Parent-child resemblance at 3 and 3.5
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3: child and mother have a positive correlation
3.5: child and father have a positive correlation |
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How are their contributions in both ways in correlation to the biological/adoptive mother's IQ and the child's IQ
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Raw score is closer to the adoptive mother whereas rank compared to other kids is closer to biological mother
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Culture-fair test
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doesn't use language to cancel our culture and environmental biases (Raven and Maynard)
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IQ and Poverty
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much higher IQ relationships between parents and child in upper class
Heritability estimates drop in lower income families |
