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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Skin is the largest organ in the body, accounts for ________ to ______% of body weight |
15-20% |
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Skin Functions (5) |
Protection Insulation Fluid Balance Temperature Regulation Vitamin D Synthesis (UV rays) |
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Causes of Skin diseases (6) |
Injury (chemical toxin, burn, radiation, phys. trauma) Infection Allergens (meds or environment) Systemic Origin Neoplasm Congenital (birthmark) |
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Sx/Sy - Pruritus |
Itching
Suggests systemic disease if generalized Scratching leads to increased inflammation - "excoriation"
Urticaria - hives (Allergic rxn) |
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Sx/Sy - Rash |
Eruption on the skin |
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Sx/Sy - Xeroderma |
Excessive dryness of the skin |
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Sx/Sy - Scaly Desquamation |
PEELING |
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Other general sx/sy of skin disease (3) |
Edema
Nail changes
changes in pigmentation |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Erythema |
REDNESS |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Macule |
UNRAISED SPOT |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Papule |
RAISED MACULE |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Vesicle |
BLISTER - FLUID FILLED MACULE |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Pustule |
INFECTED vesicle |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Nodule |
FIRM LUMP
"Erythema Nodosum" - tender nodules, usually on anterior legs |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Tumor |
BIG NODULE |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Plaque |
Superficial Scale |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Wheal |
Urticaria (hive) - INFLAMED NODULE
Vascular rxn of the skin - smooth, slightly elevated patches, SEVERE ITCHING |
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Primary Skin Lesions - Blister |
Big Vesicle
Pocket of fluid within upper layers of skin |
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Secondary skin lesions |
Scale Crust Thickening Erosion Ulcer Scar Excoriation - scratch mark Fissure - groove Atrophy - thinned skin |
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How to describe a skin lesion? |
Size/Shape/Color
Elevated, depressed, or flat
Location/distribution
Exudates
Associated Sy - itch, burn, etc |
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Herpes Simplex |
Vesicles clustered on an erythematous base
Type A - FACIAL Type B - GENITAL |
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Acne Vulgaris |
Papules, Pustules |
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Drug Eruption |
Confluent papules |
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Petechiae and Purpura |
Hemorrhaging into the skin or mucosa - local leakage of blood vessels
DO NOT blanch to palpation
Petechiae < 3mm, Purpura 3-10 mm ECCHYMOSIS >1 cm |
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Skin Turgor |
Skin with decreased turgor remains elevated after being pulled up and released
Skin loses its normal turgor with dehydration
Not reliable test with elderly, who have decreased skin elasticity |
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Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) |
Dry, thickened, lichenified skin along creases or folds
Pruritus - itching
Skin may fissure and become secondarily infected |
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Contact Dermatitis |
Pruritus, erythema, vesiculation, oozing, crusting, scale
Ex. Poison ivy, wearing sandals too long
Skin must be examined before and after every intervention for adverse rxns |
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Stasis Dermatitis |
Dry, hyperpigmented shallow ulcers
Peeling and erythema in areas with DVT or chronic edema |
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Cellulitis |
Rapidly spreading acute infection of skin and subcutaneous tissue
Frequently has some pre-existing condition |
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Impetigo |
HIGHLY CONTAGIOUS
Usually caused by staph/strep, found in pre-school children more than adults
Honey colored crusted vesicular and pustular eruption |
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Furunculosis |
Deep infection of the hair follicle
Forms Abcesses |
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Herpes Zoster (shingles) |
Herpetic eruption - vesicles on erythemous base in a dermatomal distribution
Pre-existing varicella (chicken pox)
Vesicles often crust or become pustules before resolving
Often PAINFUL - herpetic neuralgia |
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Tinea Pedis |
Fungal infection involving feet |
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Scabies |
Allergic response caused by the mite Scarpotes Scabiei
Burrows under superficial layers of skin
CONTAGIOUS - by skin-to-skin
Predilection for body crease areas, webs of fingers/toes |
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Basal cell carcinoma |
Pearly rolled edges, slightly raised, small blood vessels, painless slow growth, central ulceration
Very low likelihood of metastasis
May present as a red patch or crusty open sore that WILL NOT HEAL
Chronic sunlight exposure is MAIN Risk Factor |
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Squamous cell carcinoma |
scaly red patch that sometimes crusts or bleeds, but DOES NOT HEAL
Chronic sun exposure MAIN Risk Factor
Slow growing, but higher chance of metastasis than basal cell carcinoma |
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Malignant Melanoma ABC's |
A - Asymmetry B - Border (uneven/crusty) C - Color (not uniform) D - Diameter (usually larger than pencil eraser) E - Evolving (change in size/shape/color)
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Melanoma Occurence |
Can occur in any body part that contains melanocytes (skin, eye, bowel)
DNA damage that results from UV light exposure
May metastasize to other areas - poor px |
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Kaposi's Sarcoma |
Tumor caused by human herpes virus (HHV8)
In immunosuppressed patients, is an AIDS defining illness
Not particularly contagious |
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Psoriasis |
Immune mediated skin condition; not contagious
Reddish, scaly papules, patches and plaques
Usually found on extensor surfaces of extremities, scalp, palms/soles, genitals
May be associated c Arthritis, other immune |
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Systemic Lupus Erythematosis (SLE) |
Multi-system immune disease
Rashes, arthralgias, serous membrane involvment, kidneys, CNS
Butterfly rash |
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Systemic Sclerosis (Scleroderma) |
Autoimmune disorder
C-R-E-S-T syndrome - characteristic figures
Full blown scleroderma has visceral involvment |
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Frostbite |
Most likely to happen in parts furthest from core, or in large exposed areas
Whirlpool is often used as rewarming protocol
Cryotherapy modalities can result in localized tissue damage |
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Burns - 1st degree |
ex. sunburn
Epidermis only
Never blisters
Not calculated in burn extent |
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Burns - 2nd degree |
Through the epidermis into the dermis
Pink, moist, painful |
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Burns - 3rd degree |
Subcutaneous tissue involvement
Leathery, various colors depending on tissue exposed
Usually painless - nerve endings burnt away |
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Burn Implications |
Infection control Encourage deep breathing Coincide meds with potentially painful therapy Maintain burned areas in positions of function Emotional support
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Pressure Ulcers |
Head, shoulder, sacrum, heel Prevention: - ID patients at risk - Routine skin inspection - Clean skin without friction force - No massage on reddened areas - Frequent turning/respositioning - Early mobilization
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