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87 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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3 types of epithelial membranes
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Cutaneous, mucous, serous
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Cutaneous (skin)
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Stratified squamous, dry membrane
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Mucous membrane (mucosa)
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Lines body cavities open to exterior
Ex: respiratory system, digestive, urinary, reproductive systems Moist membranes, tissue types pseudo stratified, stratified squamous, simple columnar, absorbs and secretes |
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Serous membrane (serosa)
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Simple squamous or areolar, lines body cavities closed to exterior
Inner layer visceral (directly touching again) Outer layer parietal In between is serous fluid -steril |
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3 types of serous membrane
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Pericardium, pleura, peritoneum
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Pericardium
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Heart
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Pleura
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Lungs
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Peritoneum
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Viscera
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Connective tissue membrane
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Synovial membrane
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Synovial membrane
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Lines joints; double membrane, lubricates and secretes fluid
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Structure
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Epidermis, dermis, subcutaneous tissue (mostly fat & anchors skin)
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Epidermis
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About 40 layers thick
Replaced every 30-60 days Tissue types stratified squamous, avascular, keratinization- process of skin cells moving to the surface |
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Keratinization
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Matrix process of skin cells moving to the surface
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Stratum corneum
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Outermost layer
20 to 30 cells thick Makes up 75% of the epidermis Thickest |
#1
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Stratum lucidum (clear layer)
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Only present in thick skin
Many keratinized cells Ex: gluteal, sole of feet |
#2
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Stratum granulosum
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Cells begin yo flatten; organelles disintegrate
Tough plasma membrane (cell membrane) |
#3
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Stratum spinosum
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Several layers thick
Lots of keratin (matrix) |
#4
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Stratum basale (germinativum)
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*only layer to receive nourishment- somewhat vascular
Contains melanin (brown pigment) causes skin to be tan Lots of mitosis; cells then push upward to replace lost cells Layer closest to dermis |
#5
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Skin appendages
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Parts of the skin that arise from the epidermis to skin surface through ducts
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Sebaceous glands (oil)
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Cover body except for hands and feet
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Sebum
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Oil, dead cells, etc
Lubricant, kills bacteria, become active during adolesence (hormones) |
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Whitehead
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Pus from follicle infection (surface)
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Blackhead
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Clogged pore/follicle older whitehead
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Overactive sebaceous gland
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Acne dandruff cradle cap
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Sweat glands
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About 2.5 millions per person
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Pheromone
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Scent
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Eccrine glands
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Produce watery sweat
Regulates body temp. Ph:4.5-6 to kill bacteria Most numerous type; especially hands and feet |
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Apocrine gland
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Produces thicker sweat, odorless until bacteria munch on fatty acids (Na, Cl, K) found in armpit (axillary), groin (inguinal), active during puberty
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Hyperthermia
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Increase body temp
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Hypothermia
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Low body temp.
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Hair
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Filters, protects, senses
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Hair follicle
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Surrounds actual hair below the skin
Provides blood supply to hair matrix |
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Root
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Area below skin
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Arector pili
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Smooth muscle, causes goosebumps
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Shaft
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Hair above the skin
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Cuticle
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Outermost layer
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Cortex
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Middle layer
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Medulla
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Core
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Dermis (hide)
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Strong, thicker on soles of feet and buttocks, fibrous connective tissue with matrix -collagen and keratin (dense), vascular with a rich supply of nerves and lymph
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Papillary layer (upper dermal layer)
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Connective tissue with finger like projections-fingerprints
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Touch
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Meissner's corpuscles
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Pain
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Naked nerve endings, sense temperature
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Reticular layer
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Wider layer, deepest dermal layer, blood vessels, sweat glands and oil glands
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Deep pressure receptors
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Pacinian corpuscles
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Phagocytes
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Destroy bacteria ex: WBC
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Collagen
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Attracts water
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Hypodermis
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Adipose (right below the reticular
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Blister
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Desperation of he epidermis from the dermis
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Besores
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Skin ulcer, poor blood flow to the skin
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Leather-like skin
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Cause smoking and tanning
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Cancer
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Rapid growth of cells
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Melanin
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Brown, normal
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Carotene
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Yellow, vitamin A, normal
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Hemoglobin
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Red, normal
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Cyanosis
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Blue, low oxygen, abnormal
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Erythema
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Abnormal red, blushing, anger, fever, allergies, abnormal
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Pallor
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Pale, white, low blood pressure
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Juandice
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Abnormal yellow, liver issue or it has been affected
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Bruise
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Purple, black & blue, blood beneath the skin, abnormal
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Hair color is produced by
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Melanocytes
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Oval follocle
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Wavy hair
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Flat follicle
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Curly hair kinky
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Round follicle
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Straight hair
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Arrector pili myscle
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Smooth muscle
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Free edge
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Part of the nail you cut
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Body of the nail
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Visible part
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Lanula
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Half moon on nail, thicker nail
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Lanula & cuticle
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Protection to nail root & matrix
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Root
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Below skin
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Matrix
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Area of growth
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Athletes foot
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Fungus on feet, in warm moist areas
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Ringworm
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Fungus on the skin
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Boil
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Infection of 1 hair follicle
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Carbuncles
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Infection of multiple follicles
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Cold sore
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Fever blisters, herpes virus
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Contact dermatitis
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Skin inflammation- allergic reaction to something ex: poison ivy, Nickle in necklaces
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Impertigo
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Bacterial infection of the skin
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Psoriasis
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Genetic basis, cause: over production of skin cells
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2 main concerns with burn victims
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Fluid loss and infection
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1st degree burn
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Red skin
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2nd degree burn
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Blisters form
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3rd degree burn
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Stratum basal, or below is destroyed
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Rule of nines
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Way to determine the extent of burns
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Malignant
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Cancerous
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Benign
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Non cancerous
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Metastisis
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Cancer has spread
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ABCDE
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Asymmetry
Border Color Diameter Elevation |
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