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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-skin+ accesory organs
-hair, nails, and cutaneous glands |
Integumentary System
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3 layers of the skin
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1. Dermis
2. Epidermis 3. Hypodermis |
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-protection
-water barrier -vitamin D synthesis -sensation -thermoregulation |
Functions of Integumentary system
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-keritanized stratified squamous epithelium
-most superficial layer -avasculature layer so depends on diffusion of nutrients from CT underlayer -fully replaced about every 4 weeks -4 to 5 layers |
Epidermis
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-keratinocytes
-melanocytes -dendritic cells -tactile cells -also stem cells |
cells in Epidermis layer
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1)-Protein that makes up nail and thick skin
-nearly all visible epidermal cells are this 2)-main pigement for skin and protects from sun damage -occure only in stratum basale |
1) keratinocytes
2) melanocytes |
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1) -macrophages (eat up bacteria/prevent infection)
-immune cells -found in straum spinosum and stratum granulosum 2)-touch receptor -found in basal layer of epidermis |
1) dendtiric cells
2) tacticle cells |
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-single layer of cuboial cells
-primary purpose: mitosis and create new skin cells -contains stem cells for constant mitosis, malanocytes, tactile cells, and keratinocytes (mostly) |
Stratum Basale
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-cells have spine-like projections
-cells flatten as they move up -keratinocytes and dentritic cells -can have up to 10 layers of cells so in most skin is the thickest |
Stratum Spinosum
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-consists of 3-5 layers of flat keratinocytes so more in thick skin than thin
-keratinocytes contain dark granules -dendritic cells |
Stratum Granulosum
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-only present in thick skin (palms/soles, finger tips)
-only there is all 5 layers are present -keratinocytes -cells have no nuclei or other organelles -pale/featureless |
Stratum Lucidum
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-up to 30 layers of dead, scaly keratinized cells
-no nucleus -shed constantly -thickest epidermal layers of the skin -layer that provides resistance to abrasion, penetration, and water loss |
Stratum Corneum
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-produced deep in epidermis by mitosis of stem cells in the stratum basale
-moved upward by dividing cells below, begins between s. spinosum and s. granulosum -creates the water barrier -dust mites |
Keritinization
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layers of skin from superficial to deep
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Corneum-> lucidum -> Granulosum -> Spinosum -> Basale
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-consists of CT (mostly collagen), blood vessels, muscle, glands, hair, and nails
-hair follicles and nail roots are embedded here -skeletal muscles that produce a smile, wrinkle of forhead, or eyebrow lift attach to here -2 layers |
Dermis
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2 layers of the dermis
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1. Papillary
2. Reticular |
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-part of Dermis
-thin, aerolar CT -allows passage of vessels, WBC's -especially rich in small blood vessels |
Papillary Layer of Dermis
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-part of Dermis
-thick, dense irregular CT |
Reticular Layer
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-Connects skin to the rest of tissues (not really part of skin)
-subcutaneous fat, aerolar CT, vessels, nerves, and adipose tissue -aerolar or adipose tissue between skin and muscle |
Hypdermis
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-binds skin to other tissues
-cushions -energy storage -insulation |
function of hypodermis
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3 factors for skin color
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1. melanin
2. hemoglobin 3. carotene |
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-brown/black pigment
-produced by melanocytes -taken up by keratinocytes -absorbs UV radiation |
Melanin
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1. red/pink from blood
2. yellow color of stratum corenum |
1. hemoglobin
2. carotene |
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3 types of glands in accesory organs
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1. Sudoriferous
2. Sebaceous 3. Ceruminous |
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-sweat glands
- 2 types |
Sudoriferous
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2 types of Sudeoriferous glands
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1. Merocrine
2. Apocrine |
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-watery perspiration
-widely distributed over the body but especially on palms, soles, and forehead -respond to heat -throughout the body; active at birth |
Merocrine Sweat Glands
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-thicker, milkier perspiration
-occur in groin, anal region, axilla, and aerola; also in mature males beard area -contains fatty acids (eaten by bacteria)--BO -responds to stress, sex steroids |
apocrine sweat glands
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-Oil Glands
-Ducts open to hair follicle -lubricates and waterproofs hair -upside down heart shaped structure -sebecum/oil |
Sebaceous
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-only found in audiory canal
-waterproofs/protects ear canal from dirt/debris and tempanic membrane pliable -cerumen (earwax) |
Ceruminous
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-consists of hard keratin
-composed of bulb, root, and shaft -protects the nose, eyelids, ear -insulation of head |
Hair
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1. hair of fetus (only present before birth)
2. Fine/pale hair ("fleece") -2/3 of females and 1/10 of males, most children |
1. Lanugo
2. Vellus |
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-longer/coarser
-pigmented (after puberty) -legs, pubic hair, scalp, male face -differences in apparent hairiness due to texture/pigment |
Terminal hair
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1. eumelanin
2. pheomelanin |
1. brown/black
2. red/yellow |
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1. -involves only the epidermis and part of dermis
-marked by redness, slight edema, and pain 2. -involves the epidermis and part of teh dermis -may be red, tan, or white and is blistered and very painful -2 weeks to several months to heal |
1. First degree burn
2. second degree burn |
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-full thickness burn
-all of the dermis and often some deeper tissues (muscle, bone) are destroyed -no dermis remains so skin can regenerate only from edges of the wound or skin graft for repair -primary danger is dehydration and infection |
Third degree burn
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-basale, rarely metastisizes
-easiest type to treat |
Basal cell carcinoma
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-spinosum
-can metastisize into lymphoma |
Squamous cell carcinoma
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-melanocytes, from preexisting mole
-rare but lethal -usual ftal if metastisizes |
Malignant Melanoma
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