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50 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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To what does thermoregulation of the skin refer?
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the ability of the skin to keep the body's core temperature within acceptable ranges
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What is the top layer of the skin called?
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epidermis
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Give the names of the strata of the epidermis working from the surface to the dermis.
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stratum corneum
stratum lucidum stratum granulosum stratum spinosum stratum basale |
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What is the general range in thickness of human skin?
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0.5 mm to 5.0 mm
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Approximately what weight of skin cells does the typical person shed in a year?
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1 pound
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Approximately how much time does it take for a cell beginning in the stratum basale to work its way to the stratum corneum?
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approximately 1 month
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In what three ways does the body accomplish thermoregulation?
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1. vasoconstriction & vasodilatation
2. sweating 3. hair adjustment by contraction of arrector pilli muscles |
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What are the muscles called in the skin that are connected to the base of the hair follicle that causes the hair to become erect?
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arrector pili
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In what cells do melanosomes develop?
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melanocytes
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What are the two main functions of the integumentary system?
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protection and thermoregulation
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What are the three regions of the skin beginning on the outside working in?
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epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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During thermoregulation, when a blood vessel's lumen becomes larger, what is it called?
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vasodilation
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During thermoregulation, when a blood vessel's lumen becomes smaller, what is it called?
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vasoconstriction
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What muscle in the skin pulls hairs upright trapping air to capture heat?
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arrector pili
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Which UV rays have the shortest wavelengths; therefore having the highest energy?
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UVB
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What type of skin cells make up about 90 of all skin cells?
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keratinocytes
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In what layer of the skin are melanocytes found?
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stratum basale
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What is melanogenesis?
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the production of melanin
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About how many melanocytes are in each square centimeter of skin?
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1000 to 2000
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Melanocytes produce melanosomes. What are these structures?
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Melanosomes are the organelles produced by melanocytes inside of which the pigment melanin is produced.
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Why causes the differences in pigmentation between those with very dark skins and those with light skins?
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Those with dark skin have larger melanocytes which produce larger, more dense, melanosomes compared to light-skinned individuals.
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What is blepharitis?
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an inflammation of the eyelash follicles along the edge of the eyelid [This condition is characterized by excess oil production in the glands near the eyelid. Too much oil creates an environment where the normal bacteria found on the skin can overgrow. The eyelids appear red and irritated, with scales that cling to the base of the eyelashes.
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What are the three types of skin cancer studied in class?
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basal cell carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma melanoma |
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The the three types of skin cancer we studied, which is the most deadly?
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melanoma
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What is psorasis?
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itchy patches of red scaly skin
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What is eczema?
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Eczema is characterized by red, inflamed, itchy skin with fluid-filled blisters OR dry, scaly, cracked skin
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What is impetigo?
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Impetigo is a bacterial infection common to the face where skin reddens and develops fluid-filled blisters which break, sometimes causing crusting and itching.
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What is vitiligo?
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Vitiligo is a depigmentation of skin in patches over months or years caused when the immune system makes antibodies that attack melanocytes.
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At what age does vitiligo usually strike?
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usually before age 20
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What is the difference between a blackhead and a whitehead?
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A blackhead results when a hair follicle becomes clogged with sebum and has a dark plug formed by pigment. A whitehead is similar, but does not have the pigmentation.
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What is the common name for a nevus?
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mole
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How common are moles?
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Most people have between 10 and 20 moles by age 50.
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What is a wen?
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a cyst A cyst can be either fluid or semisolid. Wens are usually composed on sebaceous secretions and dead cells.
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What is a boil?
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A boil is a red, inflamed, pus-filled sac caused when an hair follicle or sebaceous gland becomes infected with bacteria. Pus accumulates into a white or yellow head at the boil's center. A cluster of boils is called a carbuncle.
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What causes warts?
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viruses
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What is the most common virus to cause warts?
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HPV - human papiloma virus
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What is alopecia?
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Alopecia is the loss of hair in patches.
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What are the three possible causes of alopecia?
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1. sensitivity to testosterone
2. chemotherapy 3. autoimmune disorder |
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In order to prevent ingrown toenails, how should the nails be trimmed?
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straight across
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What are the three components of the integumentary system?
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skin, hair, nails
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What substance in the skin makes the skin waterproof?
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keratin (a type of protein)
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What are the two main functions of the integument?
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protection and thermoregulation
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What are the three macro-layers of the skin?
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epidermis, dermis, hypodermis
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What is below the hypodermis?
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a fat layer
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What is the function of scalp hair?
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1. Keeps rainwater out of the eyes
2. Absorbs and deflects knocks and blows 3. Shield from extremes in temperature |
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What are some indications of blepharitis?
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1. collarettes at the base of eyelashes
2. scales at the tip of eyelashes 3. ulcers 4. conjunctivities |
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What is one likely cause of vitiligo?
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autoimmune disorder
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Where on the body can vitiligo occur?
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most anywhere
common areas: face and hands |
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What is dandruff?
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the harmless excessive shedding of scalp cells
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What is a large group of warts called?
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a crop
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