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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hair: Composition
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Dead, keratinized epidermalk cells
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Hair: Function
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Minor Protective Functions
Ex: Eyebrows and eyelashes: Collect foreign particles Head: Absorbs force/sunlight/dec heat loss Nasal Passage: Filters foreign particles |
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Hair Anatomy:
Column Types? |
3
Shaft Root Bulb |
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Hair: Shaft
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Superficial; projects from skin
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Hair: Root: Structure
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Deep to surface, penetrates dermis; surrounded by follicles; external; Internal root sheath
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Hair: Root: External Root Sheath
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Composed of dermal tissue
Supplies blood vessels to epidermal portion and reinforces |
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Hair: Root: Internal Root Sheath
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Composed epithelial tissure
Forms a tubular sheath and forms hair |
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Bulb
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Enlarged base at end of root; Onion shaped at end of follicle
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Layers of Hair: Superficial to Deep
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Connective tissue; External Root Sheath; Internal Root Sheath; Cuticle; Cortex; Medulla
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Arrector Pili
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Small band of smooth muscle cells
Connect each side of hair follicle to dermal tissue Contraction causes hair to "stand" |
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Hair: Concentric Layers of Root
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Medulla | Cortex | Cuticle
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Medulla
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Innermost layer of Hair
Contains pigments granules |
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Cortex
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Middle part of hair
Pigment granules [in dark hair] |
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Cuticle
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Outer Layer of hair
Single layer of heavily keratinized cells Arranged like shingles |
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Skin Appendages: General Function
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Cutaneous glands, hair, follicles and nails; All play unique roles maintaining body's homeostasis
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Exocrine Glands
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Located in Dermis Layer
Sebaceous| Sudiferous|Ceruminous |
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Sudiferous
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Sweat Glands:
Eccrine and Apocrine |
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Eccrine
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More numerous sweat glands; mixture of water, salt and metabolic wastes; regulates heat (98.6)
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Apocrine
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Confined to axillary and genital areas;
contains fatty acids and proteins, as well as secretions from eccrine Begin Functioning at puberty increased activity during emotional stress minimal role in thermoregulation |
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Sebaceous Glands
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Secrete Sebum: mix of oil and fragmented skin (keeps skin soft/hydrated)
Acne: sebaceous glands blocked by sebum. blackhead (whitehead dries/darkens) |
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Nail
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Scalelike modification of epidermis
Tightly packed keratinized cells |
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Nail: Components
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Nail Body; Nail Root; Lunula; Cuticle
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Nail Body
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visible portion
Free edge: extends past digit |
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Nail Root
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Embedded in skin
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Lunula
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whitish; semilunar area at proximal end
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Cuticle
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epidermal attachment surrounding nail wall
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Nail Bed
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Stratum Spinosum layer that nail rests on
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Nail Matrix
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Underlies the nail bed
Where Cell division and growth occurs Pinkish nail color comes from rish blood supply to underlying dermis |
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Burns
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Tissue damage/Cell death
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Burns: Causes
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Intense heat
Electricity UV radiation Chemicals |
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Burns: Effects
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Accelerated/Impaired Metabolism
Cardiovascular System Failure Most Serious Threat to skin Circulatory shock (dec blood flow->dec BP) |
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Burns: Classification
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First-Third Degree
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Burns: First Degree
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Damage: Only Epidermis
Severity: Mild Symptoms: Temp discomfort, swollen &red ~2-3days, easily heals |
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Burns: Second Degree
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Damage: Epidermis/possibly upper dermis
Severity: Moderate Symptoms: Skin red/painful. Blistering; can have no scar if taken care of |
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Burns: Third Degree
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Damage: Entire thickness of skin
Severity: Extreme Symptoms: Appears blackened; not terribly painful at first; regeneration not possible-> skin graft |
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Thickness Burns
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Partial thickness= first/second degree
Full Thickness= Third Degree |
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Burns considered critical if...
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2nd degree over 25% body
3rd degree over 10% of body 3rd degree over hands/feet/face [facial dangerous b/c damage to resp passgeways=suffocation] |
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Skin Cancer: Types
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Most common type of cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma Squamous Cell Carcinoma Malignant Melanoma |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma
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Cause=Inc sun exposure
Most common type(78%) (and on face) Typically do not metastatize Stratum Basale cells, germinativum, cannot form keratin-> no good boundary b/c epidermis and dermis |
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Squamous Cell Carcinoma
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2nd most common (20%)
Affects cells of Stratum Basale Cause=Chronic sun exposure, poorly treated burns, long standing sores, radiation exposure Lesions scaly, reddened papule Metastatize slowly (can invade neighboring tissue) |
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Malignant Melanoma
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Least common (2%)
Most dangerous Malignant tumor originating in melanocytes (metastatize rapidly to surround blood &lymph) Initially appear brwon/black patches |
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ABCD Rule for recognizing melanomas
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Asymmetry; Border Irregularity; Color (different colored areas); Diameter
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Dermis Blood Supply
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Abundantly supplied with blood vessels--> regulate body temperature
Restriction of blood supply to skin-> cell death and severe skin ulcers |
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Decubitus Ulcers
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Occurs in bedridden patients, due to lack of movement
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Cyanosis
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Blue skin from lack of oxygen (Hg poorly oxygenated)
Both blood and skin appear blue |
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Erythema
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Red Skin
Inc BF to skin- may indicate embarrasment/faver/hypertension/inflammation/allergy |
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Contusions
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Hematoma or Bruise
Sites where blood escaped from circulatory sys and clotted in tissue spaces Tendency indicates Vit C deficiency or blood clotting disorder |