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79 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Elastic
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an object that can recover its shape after a force deforms it.
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Periodic Motion
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motion that is repeated
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Vibration
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the back and forth motion that occurs in periodic motion
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Cycle
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one complete vibration
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Amplitude
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maximum displacement from the equilibrium position
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Period
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the time required for a complete cycle
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Frequency
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the number of cycles per second.
Unit of measure: Hertz |
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Pulse
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a single disturbance
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Periodic wave
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a repeated disturbance
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Wave
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a traveling distrubance that transports energy.
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Longitudinal Wave
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disturbance that causes particles to move closer together. Acts parallel to its motion.
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Transverse Wave
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a disturbance that causes motion perpendicular to the direction that the wave is moving
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Pitch
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the frequency that the ear perceives
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Wavelength
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distance between identical and adjacent points on a wave
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Wave Front
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all of the particles in the medium that are in phase together
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Refraction
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when a wave bends because the wave front encounters a bondary from an angle
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Reflection
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when a wave disturbance turns back on itself when encountering a boundary
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Diffraction
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the spreading of a wave disturbance around the edge of an obstruction
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Interference
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when two or more waves interact with one another, the individual waves combine to make a new disturbance
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Constructive Interference
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when the amplitude is greater than either of the two seperate waves
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Destructive Interference
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when the amplitude is smaller than at least one of the combining waves
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Intensity
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the energy of a wave; the power transmitted by a wave to a unit area perpendicula to the wave
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Loudness
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the sensation of sound that the person perceives
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Resonance
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when an outside frequency from a vibrating source matches the natural frequency of an object and causes it to vibrate
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Fundamental Frequency
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the lowest frequency possible by an instrument; also referred to as the first harmonic
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The Doppler Effect
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the sound effect of a higher pitch perceived as the source of sound approaches, but changes to a lower pitch as it moves away; it is a perceived shift of frequency
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Standing Wave
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alternating places of destructive interference, NODES, and constructive waves,ANTINODES.
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Mach 1
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at the speed of sound
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Mach 2
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twice the speed of sound
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Ion
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an atom that formed from gaining or losing electrons
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Electrostatic Charge (static electricity)
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charge that is confined to a non-moving object
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Coulomb's Law
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The size of the electrical force depends on the amount of charge of each object and the distance between the two objects
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Electric Current
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a flow of charge
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electric current (amps)
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quantity of charge (C)
---------------------- time (s) |
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Conductor
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any substance that allows charges to flow easily
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Insulator
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any substance that does not allow charges to flow
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Semiconductors
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depending on the conditions, a substance that sometimes acts as a conductor and sometimes acts as an insulator
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Resistance
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property of opposing or reducing a current
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Superconductors
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substances, where at very low temperatures, resistance may get very close to, or approaches, zero
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Direct Current
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current always moves in one direction
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Alternating Current
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current can move in one direction, then change and move in the other direction
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Voltage
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a ratio that gives the amount of work done in the circuit
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Series Circuit
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describes a circuit that provided a single conducting path without junctions
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Parallel Circuit
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describes two or more components in a circuit that are connected across junctions, providing seperate conducting paths for the current
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Resistance
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is a ratio between the voltage and resulting current
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Resistance
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Voltage (watts)
------------------- Electric Current (amps) |
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Power (ohms)
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Voltage (watts) x Electric Current (amps)
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Magnetic Field
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surrounds a magnet & can be represented by lines
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Magnetic Declination
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where the North magnetic pole is different from the geographic North pole
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Solenoid
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produced when many loops of wire are formed into a cylindrical coil.
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Galvanometer
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a device that measures electric current by measuring the magnetic field that is produced
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Electric Motors
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converts electrical energy into mechanical energy
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Electromagnetic Induction
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when a moving magnet, moving past a wire loop, produces an electric field
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Electric Generators
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converts mechanical energy into electrical energy
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Luminous
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when an object produces light
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Incandescent
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when visible light is given off from an object because of its high temperature
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Electromagnetic Spectrum
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the complete range of the frequencies of electromagnetic waves
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Black-Body Radiation
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electromagnetic radiation of all different frequencies that is emitted from an object at any temperature
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Sun
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an example of an object that gives off infrared, visible and ultraviolet radiation
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Incident Ray
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original light ray
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Reflected ray
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ray that results after hitting mirror (or other boundary)
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Normal
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imaginary line down perpendicular to the surface of boundary
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Law of reflection
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the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection
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Virtual Image
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an image where rays of light APPEAR to originate
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Real Image
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an image made where light originates from the image
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Refraction
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The change in direction of a light ray at the boundary between two mediums.
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Refraction
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A property of light that causes objects to appear bent.
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Index of Refraction
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a ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to the speed of light through the transparent medium
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Converging Lens
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Another name for a convex lens
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Diverging Lens
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Another name for a concave lens
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Prism
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An object used that can split of white light
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Dispersion
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the effect of spreading colors of light nito a spectrum with a material that has an index of refraction that varies with wavelength
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Interference pattern
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a diagram of light that shows areas of brightness and darkness
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Photoelectric Effect
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Electrons moving, or ejected, as a result of energy acquired from light
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Photon
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a quantum of energy in a light wave
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Newton
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scientist who supported the particle theory of light
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Huygens
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scientist who supported the wave theory of light
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Particle Nature
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blackbody radiation and the photoelectric effect support this nature of light
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Wave Nature
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reflection, refraction, interference, diffraction, and polarization support this nature of light
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