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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Give 4 different causes of "non-reversible" hypotrichosis
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follicle absent/destroyed
1.Hereditary 2.Irradiation 3.toxic metals(thallium) 4.scarring |
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Give 4 different causes of "reversible" hypotrichosis
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follicle not destroyed
1.endocrine (Cushings) 2.autoimmune(some) 3.stress 4.mild inflammation |
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Give the scientific/medical name for hypertrichosis
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Hirsutism = excess hair
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Give a common cause for hypertrichosis in horses / ponies.
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delayed shedding-pituitary adenoma
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What is the pathogenesis for hypertrichosis?
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cachexia, starvation
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Give 2 causes for steatitis/panniculitis.
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-excess dietary unsaturated fats & deficient Vit. E
-oxidized fish oils in diet |
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What is the gross appearance of the tissues with nutritionally-related steatitis in cats?
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yellow firm subcutaneous & visceral fat deposits
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What is the cause of nodular panniculitis?
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idiopathic, autoimmune
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What is the gross appearance of nodular panniculitis?
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Ulcerated draining sub-Q nodules- discharging oily material
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What would you expect to see histologically for nodular panniculitis?
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eosinophilic necrotic adipocytes, PMNs
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Give 2 causes for calcinosis circumscripta.
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trauma (dogs, horses)
uremia (dogs) |
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What is the distribution of calcinosis circumscripta?
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Lesions are distributed over bony prominences or foot pads
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What is the gross appearance calcinosis circumscripta?
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Sub-Q nodules, possible ulcerated, gritty white material
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What would you expect to see histologically with calcinosis circumscripta?
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Amorphous to granular basophilic material (mineral), maybe encapsulated
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Give an example for a cause of calcinosis cutis.
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hyperadrenocorticoidism (adrenal tumor, iatrogenic)
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How does its distribution differ from that of calcinosis cutis?
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Lesions are chalky sub Q deposits, possibly skin ulcers, alopecia (pot belly)
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What is the expected histologic appearance of calcinosis cutis?
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colagen fibers mineralized, basophilic, may fuse into clusters.
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Give 3 different mechanisms (pathogenesis) of injury due to cold/freezing.
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1.intracellular crystallization which leads to conc. of solutes/ions causing ionic damage cell
2.large intracellular crystals which leads to rupture cell membrane 3.vascular damage causes leakage & thrombosis which leads to edema/ischemia |
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Give the possible sequelae of injury due to cold/freezing.
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possible dessication leading to dry gangrene
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Give an example of a cause for thermal injuries
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Bruns- excess heat
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What histologic changes differentiate 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th degree burns?
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1st- superfical (mild) to deep (full-thickness to muscle
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Give 2 examples of metabolic / systemic cause of skin lesions
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thallium, selenium toxicity
Uncommon; “disseminated lesions” |
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Give 3-4 examples of contact-irritant dermatitis
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-Chemical fixatives (formalin, OsO, glutaraldehyde)
- Caustic chemicals: acids, bases - Petroleum products: paints, turpentine, cresol - Other organic: insecticides, antiseptics, “flea collars” |
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How does the distribution of lesions differ in (contact vs. systemic)?
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contact is localized & lesions are only found at the contact site mostly found on the ventral body. Examples, erythema (blisters)- ulceration--sloughing of skin
systmeic causes disseminated lesions due to Se/Th toxicity. |
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Give an example of a cause for ionizing irradiation injury
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Radiation therapy causing necrosis (adnexa & melanocytes)
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What is the sequale for contact-irritant dermatitis?
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alopecia, scarring & altered pigmentation
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What is the expected distribution of lesions associated with UV injury?
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UV solor dermatitis- (nose, pinna)
slightly-pigmented/ haired areas burns, carcinomas (squamous cell carcinomas in cats |
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Give an example of a predisposing cause of photo-enhanced dermatitis
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Immune mediated lesions
ex. Lupus erythematosus Pemphigus foliaceus Dermatomyositis |
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Give 3 different mechanisms of diseases causing photosensitization dermatitis
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I. Exogenous compounds (phenothiazine, “buckwheat”)
II. Hepatogenous (chlorophyll by-product = phylloerythrin) III. Endogenous porphyrin metabolite (porphyria) Absorb short wave, react with comp‘ds causing a chem. Rx + light |
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What is the "basic" pathogenesis of photosensitization dermatitis?
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pigment portion is spared
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Give 4 examples of causes for mechanical injury
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1. lacerations- cuts
2. callus- chronic friction 3. bite wounds- fighting - cats, dogs, pigs: secondary infection , abscesses 4. phychogenic alopecia |
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Give 5 different mechanisms (pathogenesis) for subcutaneous edema
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1. altered vascular permeability
endotoxin injury- (E. coli- edema disease) allergic rxn.- urticaria (hives) 2. hyperproteinemia 3. heart failure, venous or lymphatic obstruction 4. excess fluid therapy |
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Give an example of hemorrhage by rhexis
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TRAUMA- localized hemorrhage- physical laceration of vessels
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Give 3 examples of causes of hemorrhagic diathesis
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clotting defect
1) endothelial damage by toxins (warfarin) 2) hereditary-defective factors 3) Vit. K deficiency 4) DIC |
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Give an example of a bacterial cause of hemorrhage by diapedesis
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clostridium
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Give the pathogenesis for septicemia induced ischemic necrosis
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vasculitis-thrombosis-ischemia-(damage endothelium- release clotting factors)
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Give an example of a specific disease associated with septicemic ischemic necrosis
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gangrene
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Give the pathogenesis for "fescue foot" (mycotoxin) induced necrosis
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decreased blood flow
vasoconstriction plus freezing causes sludging of blood then ischemia |
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Give an example of a cause of "pressure" induced ischemia
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compression of vessels (ischemia) leading to chronic recumbency- decubital ulcers could be caused by a tight bandage or tourniquet
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Give an example of a cause of thromboembolism induced ischemia
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saddle thrombus- left auricle lesions
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