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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why are geriatric patients at higher risk for adverse drug reactions?
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"1) they tend to be on more drugs
2) lower reserves - frail 3) multiple comorbidities 4) altered pharmakinetics/dynamics" |
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Name some factors in geriatric patients that alter pharmacokinetics. (5)
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"1) low albumin
2) higher gastric pH (less acidic) 3) reduced renal function 4) lower total body water 5) increased total body fat Which one of these factors is most clinically important?" |
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Is serum creatinine a good measure of kidney function in older patients? Why?
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No. It reflects muscle mass and older patients have less muscle so may have a normal serum creatinine even with substantially reduced GFR.
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what is a symptom of digoxin toxicity and how do those symptoms contribute to worseing the toxicity?
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"nausea and vomiting.
dehydrates the patient thus raising the blood levels of digox --> more vomiting." |
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what's the problem with taking calcium and bisphosphonate together?
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bis. binds to calcium in the stomach so calcium is excreted and not absorbed.
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What's the problem with taking a diuretic while on lithium?
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use of the diuretic results in increased sodium reabsorption in the nephron. Kidney cannot destinguish between the Na+ and Li+ cations so reabsorbes Lithium from the nephron lumen at higher rates. results in higher blood levels of lithium.
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What's the definition of a prescribing cascade?
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a new drug is prescribed to treat an unrecognized side effect of another drug - the side effect being misdiagnosed as a new disease.
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What is an adverse drug reaction associated with benzodiazepines?
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Confusion
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What's a GI related adverse drug reaction associated with anticholinergics?
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Constipation
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Older patients with DMT2 should have the same target A1C as younger patients (T/F)
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F: risks of hypoglycemia can outweigh the long term complications of a higher A1C target in older patients who have a shorter time left to live.
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what type of hypertension do older patients tend to have compared with younger patients?
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"Younger: diastolic pressure elevated, systolic not as much
Older: diastolic normal but systolic pressure elevated" |
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Elderly patients with hypertension should not have their hypertension treated because they need the extra pressure to prefuse their brain (T/F)
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F: HYVET study showed decreased mortality in elderly patient who had hypertension treated (target systolic <150) with Diuretic and ACEi.
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What is target systolic BP in patients over 80 years old?
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<150
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