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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How do treatments differ in patients whose goal is to cure the cancer versus those whose goal is to improve QOL?
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The willingness to put up with side effects of treatment.
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What two scales guide cancer treatment in terms of how aggressive to be?
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"ECOG Performance scale (0 - 4) - 4 being the worst
Karnofsky scale (0-100) - 0 being the worst " |
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What are the different levels of the ECOG scale?
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What is the common system that grades chemotherapy side effects?
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"NCI CTC version 4.0 - National Cancer Institute Common Toxicity Criteria
Grade 4 is life threatening." |
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What is myelosupression? When can it occur after chemotherapy treatment? What cells are affected in the short term and long term?
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"Bone marrow toxicity occurring 7-10 days after chemo.
Decreased platelets - leads to bleeding Decreased WBCs - leading to febrile neutropenia Long term - leukaemia" |
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What are some GI side effects of cancer treatment? Why do these happen?
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"Oral mucositis
Esophagitis Nausea/vomiting Anorexia/weight loss Diarrhea/urgency/bowel incontinence This occurs because the GI cells are rapidly dividing and get targeted by chemo." |
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What lung, heart and CNS toxicities can occur due to cancer treatment?
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"Lung - interstitial pneumonitis
Heart - Decreased ejection fraction, MI CNS - peripheral neuropathy, seizures" |
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What kinds of hormonal toxicities can occur due to cancer treatment? (give 3 each for men and women)
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"Women - estrogen deprivation
Hot flushes, sweats, amenorrhea, osteoporosis, infirtility Men - testosterone deprivation Hot flushes, ED, decreased libido, gynecomastia, infertility" |
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How should you manage nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy treatment?
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"Prophylactic anti-emetic drugs!
What are the three classes?" |
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What are some other anti-emetic drugs used in other areas of medicine outside of chemotherapy treatment?
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"1) H-1 Antagonists (antihistamines) - Gravol
2) Dopamine Receptor Antagonists - haloperidol 3) Multiple Neuro‐receptor Antagonist - olanzapine, cannabinoids 4) Adjuctives - benzos, ginger" |
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What are the two patterns of bone metastases?
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"1) Lytic (myeloma, breast cancer)
2) Blastic (prostate cancer)" |
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Bone pain at night is suspect for what?
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"Red flag for bone mets.
What are good modalities for evaluating bone mets? Pictured: Blastic bone disease (sclerotic)" |
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How are bone mets treated?
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"Orthopedic intervention (surgery)
Radiation Pain management Bone protectants (bisphosphonates)" |
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Describe two types of bone resorption inhibitors.
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"1) Bisphosphonates - inhibit osteoclastic bone resorption
2) RANK ligand inhibitors - monoclonal antibody to a protein that acts as a signal for bone resorption" |
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What are four cancer-related oncologic emergencies?
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"1) Hypercalcemia
2) Spinal cord compression 3) Superior vena cava obstruction 4) Bleeding" |
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What are 5 treatment induced oncologic emergencies?
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"1) Infusion reactions (during chemo)
2) Febrile neutropenia 3) Bleeding 4) Diarrhea 5) Radiation pneumonitis" |
