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70 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

What model and type of engine does the R-44 have?

Model: Lycoming IO-540-AE1A5


Type: six cylinder, horizontally opposed, direct drive, air cooled, fuel injected, normally aspirated

What is the maximum continuous power rating in the R-44?


What is the 5 minute takeoff rating?

205 BHP @ 2718 RPM



245 BHP @ 2718 RPM

What is the Vne for the R-44?

At 2200lb and below TOGW 130 KIAS


over 2200lb TOGW 120 KIAS


autorotation 100 KIAS

How fast can you go with any of the doors removed in an R-44?

100 KIAS

What is the maximum and minimum gross weight of an R-44?

2500lb max



1600lb min

What is the max gross weight per seat in the R-44?

300 lb including baggage compartment



50 lb max per baggage compartment

What systems must be functional in order to take off in an R-44?

G RPM Govener


O OAT gauge


A Alternator


L LOW ROTOR rpm WARNING SYSTEM



and hydraulic control system

Know emergency procedures

See POH

What does the governor do?

maintains engine RPM by sensing changes and applying corrective throttle inputs through a friction clutch.

What does the hydraulic system consist of?

A pump, three servos, a reservoir, and interconnecting lines

Where is the hydraulic pump mounted and why?

It is mounted on and driven by the main rotor gearbox to maintain pressure in case of an engine failure

What documents must you have in the aircraft to fly?

Airworthiness certificate


Registration of aircraft


Pilots operating handbook (POH)


Weight and balance (in poh)

What required inspections are there for the R-44?

Annual (every 12 months)


100 hour


any AD's that are published by FAA

What gages are connected to the Pitot/static system

Connected to the Air speed indicator, Vertical speed indicator, and altimeter.



How does an Air speed indicator work?

it measures the difference in ambient static air pressure and the total, or ram pressure caused by the motion of the aircraft through the air.



a bronze aneroid diaphragm receives air directly from the pitot tube. the instruments case is sealed and connected to the static ports as the pitot pressure increases or the static pressure decreases the diaphragm

How does a VSI work?

Its a rate-of-pressure change instrument



This instrument has an aneroid and both the inside of the aneroid and inside the instrument case are vented to the static system. but the case is vented through a calibrated orifice that makes the pressure inside the case to vent slower than the aneroid



aircraft ascends- static pressure in aneroid becomes lower and the aneroid compresses moving the pointer upward.

How does an altimeter work?

measures the absolute pressure of the ambient air and displays it in feet or meters



its a stack of evacuated, corrugated bronze capsules. the air acting on these aneroids compresses them against their natural springiness

What are the two characteristics of gyroscopes?

Rigidity in space and precession

How are gyroscopic instruments powered?

separate electrical or pneumatic sources

How does the Attitude indicator work?

It has a small brass wheel with a vertical spin axis, spun at high rate of speed by a stream of air or by an electric motor. the gyro is mounted using a double gimbal which allows the aircraft to move around the gyro as it remains fixed in space

What degrees are the bank angle marks representing on the attitude indicator?

10 20 30 45 60

What does it mean when an attitude indicator tumbles?

Only in older instruments



The bank or pitch change has exceeded the limitations of the instruments capabilities



(roll- 100 degrees pitch- 60 degrees)

What is a heading indicator?


and


What are the benefits of this instrument?

It is a non north seeking gyroscopic instrument that is mounted in a double gimbal and its spin axis is horizontal.



rigidity causes them to maintain a heading without the errors associated with a magnetic compass (ANDS, UNOS)

What does non north seeking mean when referring to the Heading indicator?

non north seeking means you have to manually input a direction referencing the magnetic compass

How often do you periodically set the heading indicators?

about every 15 minutes referring to the magnetic compass

What is a turn coordinator?

A precession instrument that tells you roll and yaw



The gimbals frame is angled upward about 30 degrees



the gimbals are dual powered and can use either air or eletricity

What is the vertical card magnetic compass?

Its a compass that sits vertically in view with an airplane pointing in the direction you are going.

What errors are associated with a magnetic compass?

ANDS


accellerate north decelerate south


UNOS


undershoot north overshoot south


VARIATION


the difference between true and magnetic direcion


DEVIATION


change in the compass heading due to the magnetic interference of the aircraft parts, can be reduced by using a compass correction card.

What is an HSI?

An instrument that uses the combination of a heading indicator and a VOR

What is a VOR?

Very high frequency omni-directional range


-transmits 360 azimuth information to aircraft

What frequency does the VOR operate between?

108.0 to 117.95 MHz

How accurate is a VOR?

accuracy of course alignment is plus or minus 1 degree

What are the 4 components of a VOR?

1.Ground station


2. aintenna


3. reciever


4. indicator instrument (HSI/VOR)


2 through 4 are in aircraft

What are the types of VOR?

Standard high altitude



Standard low altitude- 18,000ft. up, 40 NM radius



Standard terminal altitude - 12,000ft. up 25 NM radius


What errors are associated with a VOR?

most common are human errors such as;



-dialing in the wrong radial


-not hearing the morse code

How often do the VOR's need to be tested?

Every 30 days


(FAR 91.171)

What inspections can be made for VOR?

V ot test station (in AFD) +- 4° (morse code)


O ver a known point +-6 °


D ual (two recievers) +- 4°


G round check +- 4°


A irborne check +- 6°



* whenever a check is performed a log book entry must be made with date, place, bearing error, and signature.

What is VOR/DME and what information will it provide?

VOR/ Distance measuring equipment


-this provides both azimuth and distance info


-military tactical air navigation (TACAN)

What is a VORTAC?

The military name for a VOR/DME

What is TACAN?

Tactical Air Navigation

What is DME?

Distance measuring equipment



-gives slant range distance


-will never read 0

What is a steep turn?

anything that is greater than a standard rate (360° in 2 minutes (3° per second))

What is a standard rate turn?

360° in 2 minutes (3° per second)

What is reverse sensing?

the VOR needle appearing to indicate the reverse of normal operation



What is unusual attitude?

an unintentional, unanticipated, or extreme aircraft attitude.

What are the Transponder codes?

7700 - having an emergency


7600 - lost communications


7500 - hijack


1200 - VFR


7777 - military intercepts

What is GNSS

Global navigation satellite system


What 3 countries have GNSS?


What are their names?

US - GPS (global positioning system


Russis - Gloness


Europe - Galleleo


What are the 3 elements of GPS?

1. Space - satellites (30 total, 6 planes (orbits) 5 satellites per plane)



2. Control - Ground based monitoring stations (3 ground aintennas, 1 master station)



3. User - Aintenna on aircraft (reciever/ processor)

What is the function of the GPS?

ranging and triangulation

How many satellites are needed for a 3D image?


How many for RAIM?

4 for 3D


5 for RAIM

What does RAIM stand for?


and what does it do?

Receiver, autonomous integrity monitoring



RAIM verifies the integrity (usability) of the information provided by the satellites making sure it is not corrupt information



p. 9-31 in IFH

What does WAAS stand for?


and what does it do?

Wide Area Augmentation System



WAAS is designed to improve accuracy and integrity of GPS signals


- also it will be interoperable with world wide similar programs for seamless global navigation


- if WAAS finds an error in satellite information it sends correction data to a wide area master station where the correction information is computed then up- linked to the satellites.


-WAAS also acts as an additional GPS satellite for aircraft giving them better accuracy



p. 9-32 in IFH

What is RNP?

Required Navigation performance



a navigation system that provides a specific level of accuracy in a lateral (left and right) area of confined airspace.



Left and right limits on your flight path departure, en route, terminal, and final approach



p. 9-44 in IFH AIM 1-2-2

What is RNAV?

Area Navigation



allowas a pilot to fly a selected course to a predetermined point using ground aids or space aids or a combination of both



AIM 1-2-1

What is LPV?


What is LNAV/VNAV?


Localizer performance with vertical reference


Lateral navigation/ vertical navigation


What is a precision approach?

In order to be a "precision" approcah you must have VNAV within no less than 200 ft AGL

What is a TERP?

Terminal Instrument Approach Procedures

What is a non precision approach?

They have no glide slope or vertical guidance

What is MDA?

Minimum decent altitude

What is an LDA?

Localizer type Directional Aid



-comparable to a localizer but not part of a complete ILS

How wide is an LDA's course?

course width is between 3° and 6°

What is the LDA's center line limits?

LDA course can be up tp 30° off centerline for straight in approach



if exceeding 30° only circling approach is permitted

What is an SDF?

Simplified Directional Facility

What is the course widthfor an SDF?

course width is between 6° and 12°

What is the usable off course indication limit for an SDF?

may be up to 35 ° off center line of runway

What is ASR?

Airport surveillance radar



detects and displays an aircraft's position in the terminal area

What is decision height(DH)


What is decision altitude (DA)

Both for precision approaches



DH- an altitude above threshold (AGL) where you must make a decision to continue approach or go missed



DA- an altitude in MSL at which you must go missed if the required visual reference has not been established

What is an ILS?

Instrument landing system



(precision approach)

What are the four components of an ILS?

1. Localizer


2. Glide slope


3. Marker beacons


4. Lights