Insect Bio Exam 3

Front 1

reflex arc

Back 1

sensory neuron, central neuron, and motor neuron connections

Front 2

neurogenesis

Back 2

asymmetrical division of stem cells into neuroblasts and later neurons

Front 3

axon guidance

Back 3

attractive and repulsive cues that lead an axon to its correct location in the body

Front 4

axon bifurcation

Back 4

branching of axons at the right places

Front 5

synaptogenesis

Back 5

formation of the synapse region as an axon reaches and associates with its target area

Front 6

sensillum

Back 6

tactile hair for touch sensing

Front 7

tactile mechanorecptor

Back 7

trichoid sensillum, touch sensitive hairs

Front 8

proprioceptor

Back 8

self sensing receptors; hair plate receptors, campaniform sensillae(mechanically bends exoskeleton), stretch receptors (line internal organs to monitor expansion)

Front 9

sound receptor

Back 9

pressure fluctuation moves scolopidium (sensillum under the cuticle)

Front 10

subgenual organ

Back 10

"below the knee" detects vibrations. found in each leg in most insects

Front 11

johnston's organ

Back 11

found on 2nd antennal segment of all true insects. can perceive motion and wingbeat of mates

Front 12

tympanal organ

Back 12

taut membrane with air chamber behind it detects pressure waves

Front 13

olfactory organ

Back 13

multiporous sensillum. hair has lots of pore holes to allow chemicals in

Front 14

gustatory organ

Back 14

sensory hair with only one pore

Front 15

ommatidia

Back 15

each of the units making up a compound eye

Front 16

ocellus

Back 16

simple eye that detects changes in light intensity

Front 17

stemma

Back 17

larval versions of ocelli

Front 18

neuromuscular junction

Back 18

giant synapses between motor neurons and muscles

Front 19

extensor muscle

Back 19

straightens a limb

Front 20

flexor muscle

Back 20

bends a limb

Front 21

stridulation

Back 21

sound is produced by rubbing body parts together

Front 22

semiochemicals

Back 22

any chemical that conveys information between organisms

Front 23

releaser pheromone

Back 23

creates immediate response; sex attractants, aggregation, spacing, alarm, trail

Front 24

primer pheromone

Back 24

long term physiological changes; colony pheromone

Front 25

allelochemicals

Back 25

used to communicate between species

Front 26

kairomone

Back 26

an allelochemical that benefits the receiver

Front 27

allomone

Back 27

allelochemical that benefits the producer

Front 28

synomone

Back 28

allelochemical that benefits both producer and receiver

Front 29

mate attraction

Back 29

chemical pheromones, physical appearance, bioluminesence

Front 30

hormones

Back 30

used to regulate long term responses to external signals and control the development of tissues. can be peptide or lipid based

Front 31

Ecdysone

Back 31

molting hormone. found in the brain. sterol hormone

Front 32

prothoracicotropic hormone (PTTH)

Back 32

helps with pupation, produced in the thorax. peptide hormone

Front 33

neurosecretory cells

Back 33

source of peptide hormones, in thorax

Front 34

prothoracic gland

Back 34

source of molting hormones

Front 35

polytene chromosome

Back 35

1024 DNA copies. replication without cell division. found in large cells in salivary glands. heavily synthesized sections puff up

Front 36

juvenile hormone

Back 36

prevents metamorphosis into an adult stage. produced in the corpus allatum

Front 37

allatotropin and allatostatin

Back 37

act on corpus allatum to regulate JH production

Front 38

corpus allatum

Back 38

dual glands near esophagus that synthesizes JH

Front 39

oesophagous

Back 39

tube leading from mouth to crop

Front 40

crop

Back 40

pouch where food is stored and partially broken down

Front 41

proventriculus

Back 41

grinds food as it moves through the crop

Front 42

ventriculus

Back 42

midgut tract where digestion occurs

Front 43

peritrophic membrane

Back 43

fine mesh made of chitin, carbohydrates, and proteins. screens nutrients and enzymes in midgut

Front 44

gastric caecum

Back 44

extra surface in midgut for enzyme secretion and nutrient absorption into hemocoel

Front 45

rectum

Back 45

reabsorbs water and minerals into hemolymph

Front 46

malpighian tubules

Back 46

like kidneys. filter waste out of insect, release uric acid into hindgut as waste product

Front 47

urocytes

Back 47

fat body cells that store waste until the insect dies

Front 48

nephrocytes

Back 48

cells lining the heart that store large molecules from the blood, like proteins

Front 49

exuvium shedding

Back 49

can release heavy metals and plant toxins from the insects body

Front 50

ostia

Back 50

openings in heart wall to allow blood in

Front 51

accessory pulsatile organ

Back 51

mini heart to create localized blood flow to appendages, like the antennae

Front 52

alary muscle

Back 52

main heart pumping muscles. pump blood in a circular pattern from end of abdomen to the head and then back around to the abdomen

Front 53

trehalose

Back 53

main nutrient used by insects. double glucose

Front 54

hemocytes

Back 54

only blood cells. used as immune defense in the blood

Front 55

innate immunity

Back 55

chemical defense using antimicrobial peptides

Front 56

spiracle

Back 56

opening for breathing

Front 57

trachea

Back 57

main tube that draws in air. inside reinforced with chitin strands called taenidia

Front 58

tracheoles

Back 58

fine tubes where gas exchange occurs by diffusion

Front 59

parthenogenesis

Back 59

asexual reproduction

Front 60

oviparity

Back 60

eggs are laid

Front 61

viviparity

Back 61

live young born

Front 62

oviviviparity

Back 62

eggs hatch inside mother

Front 63

adenotrophic viviparity

Back 63

gland fed, then live birth of a larva ready to pupate

Front 64

vitellogenesis

Back 64

development of oocyte into a full egg