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15 Cards in this Set
- Front
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Why didn't the German people like the idea of the Weimar Republic? |
-came at the end of war to appease Entente powers -First decision was accepting the Treaty of Versailles -Germans were disillusioned about war, they just saw that Germany surrendered -weak and humiliated |
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How was politics split in Weimar Republic following WWI? |
-Republicans --> parties that supported Weimar Republic and wanted to work within the treaty as best they could -Obstructionists --> various parties that wanted to obstruct or defy the terms of the treaty |
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-Rathenau tried to appease two different opinions -Decided within Reichstag that Germany should reach out to Russia (Republicans) -Both see themselves as victimized and pariahs of Europe -Open diplomatic and economic ties between the two -Secret component: allow for military cooperation (German bases in Russia) -Incentive for Russia --> help increase armaments |
Treaty of Rapallo (1922) |
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-Germans led by obstructionists said they were going to stop paying reparations -French go and seize Ruhr Valley, but workers refused to work -to offset wage losses, Germany printed more money -German standard of life declining -weak/destroyed Germany couldn't repay reparations and all of Europe pays the price |
Ruhr Valley and Hyperinflation |
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-this was economic relief for Germany -US --> loans --> Germany --> reparations --> Britain, France and Belgium --> war loans repaid --> US -lowered reparation payments for 5 years -Appointed Commissioner to oversee process -Jumpstarted and stabilized German economy -Everyone now had vested in Germany's success |
Dawes Plan (1924) |
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-political negotiations between Great Britain, Belgium, France, Italy and Germany -German western border is fixed -Rhineland stay demilitarized (any flagrant violation considered act of war) -Any sort of unprovoked attack by one power would be met with rest (appease uneasy France) -Germany agreed in any sort of dispute they would seek arbitration rather than war -1926 can enter League of Nations -Never agreed to fixed Eastern border -joins League of Nations --> brought them back to the negotiation table as equal power in Europe again |
Locarno Treaty (1925) |
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French attitude towards Germany after WWI |
-upset Dawes plan strengthened Germany -upset that Germany could play role in European politics again -upset German Eastern border not fixed |
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French economy after WWI |
-inflation -loaned Russia money but Bolsheviks renounced Tsar's debt |
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Britain's economy after WWI |
-declining going into the 1900's -WWI made that decline obvious -unemployment 23% --> in some places that was reliant on war industries 40-50% -wanted to help stabilize German economy so that their goods could be more competitive on an international market |
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Explain the concept of war revulsion |
-British had a profound psychological impact and they were committed to never engaging in something like that again -Shut down war industries -Navy was to be used to maintain colonies and that's it |
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-wouldn't go to war for 10 years -expired in 1929, renewed -any increase in military to Royal Air Force, not land forces -won't begin fully rearming until 1939 |
Ten Year Rule |
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Italy in the wake of WWI |
-feel they didn't get as much as they deserved -high inflation and unemployment -people were discontent over injury they thought they received --> sparked nationalism |
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-played on discontent of people -play on economic problems -appeals to people's sense of pride and needs -legally appointed PM by King Emmanuel -Wanted that "March of Rome" (propaganda) -wanted to recreate Roman Empire |
Benito Mussolini |
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What were the commonalities the major powers of Europe faced after WWI? |
-dissatisfied -come out with debt and severe economic problems -some degree of disillusionment -all faced political changes or challenges internally |
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What were the difference between the major powers of Europe outlook on war following WWI? |
-Britain --> ignored everything and pretended it can't happen again -France --> defensive minded and prepared to fight the same war again (static WWI war) -Germany --> offensive, learned lesson and make adjustments to be more efficient in next war -Italy --> recreate Roman Empire |
