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145 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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shaft of penis
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corpus spongiosum(w/ urethra)
corpora cavernosa |
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secretions of glans
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smegma
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loose wrinkled pouch w/ 2 compartments
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scrotum
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ovoid rubbery structures
left usually lower than right |
testes
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serous membrane enclosing a potential cavity
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tunica vaginalis
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cordlike struct begins at tail of epididymis
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vas deferens
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vas with vessels, nerves, and mx fibers
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spermatic cord
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tunnel for vas deferens to pass
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inguinal canal
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triangular slitlike struc lat to pubic tubercle
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external inguinal ring
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potential route for hernia below inguinal lig
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femoral canal
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lack of libido may arise from psychogenic causes such as:
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depression
endocrine dysfx medications |
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erectile dysfx from:
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*psychogenic causes
*dec testosterone *dec blood flow in hypogastric arterial sys *impaired neural innervation |
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causes of reduced or absent ejaculation in middle -older men
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meds
surgery neurologic deficits lack of androgen |
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lack of orgasm w/ ejaculation is usually ________
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psychogenic
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t/f premature ejac. is common especially in young men
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true
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assoc w/ yellow discharge:
clear or white: |
gonococcal
non-gonococcal |
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infections from oral-penile transmission:
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gonorrhea,
clamdia, syphilis, herpes |
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most common cancer for men 15-35
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testicular cr.
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tight prepuce that can't be retracted over glans:
once retracted can't be returned: |
phimosis
paraphimosis |
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inflammation of the glans:
same + prepuce: |
balanitis
balanoposthitis |
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pubic or genital excoriations suggest:
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lice(crabs) or scabies
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congenital, ventral displacement of the meatus on the penis
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hypospadias
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poorly dev. scrotum on one or both sides suggests:
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cryptorchidism (undescended testicle)
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common scrotal swelling include:
+ tender and pain: |
indirect inguinal hernias
hydroceles scrotal edema *acute epididymitis *acute orchitis *torsion of spermatic cord *strangulated inguinal hernia |
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multiple tortuous veins usually on left side suggest
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varicocele
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cystic structure in spermatic cord suggests; transilluminate
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hydrocele
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t/f structures containing blood or tissue tranilluminate
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false
tumors or most hernias do NOT |
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hernias return to abdomen when supine. If not but you can get fingers above mass in scrotum- suspect:
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hydrocele
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bowel sounds may be heard in testes over a ________
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hernia
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a hernia is __________ when its contents can't return to abdominal cav.;_________ when blood supply is compromised + tender, n/v
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incarcerated
strangulated |
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risk factors for testicular cr.:
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*cryptorchidism
*hx of cr in contralateral testicle *mumps orchitis *inguinal hernia *hydrocele in childhood |
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most common type of hernia
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indirect(comes down canal)
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________forms the bulb of the penis, ending in the cone shaped _________ with its expanded base, or _______
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corpus spongiosum
glans corona |
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a firm partly muscular chestnut sized gland in males at the neck of the urethra; produces a viscid secretion that is the fluid part of semen
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prostate
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a rounded eminence on the upper margin of each pubis near the pubic symphysis
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pubic tubercle
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internal opening of the inguinal canal
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internal inguinal ring
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inspect penis skin for:
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Veneral warts
Genital Herpes Chancre Ca of the penis (noncircumcised as child) Peyronie’s Disease Hypospadias |
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hair covered fat pad covering symphysis pubis
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mons pubis
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rounded folds of adipose tissue
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labia majora
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thinner pinkish red folds extending anteriorly to form prepuce and clitoris
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labia minora
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boat shaped fossa
posterior portion _________ hidden in virgins by ________ |
vestibule
introitus hymen |
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tissue b/t introitus and anus
opens into vestibule b/t clitoris and vagina: |
perineum
urethral meatus |
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glands post. on either side of urethral meatus
glands on either side vagina: |
paraurethral (Skene's) glands
bartholin's glands |
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tube b/t urethra and rectum
upper portion terminates in: |
vagina
fornix |
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flattened fibromx struc. shaped like a pear:
2 parts joined by: |
uterus
body(corpus) and cervix joined by isthmus |
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convex upper portion of uterus body:
lower portion: |
fundus
cervix |
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vaginal surface of cervix
opening of endocervical canal: |
ectocervix
external os |
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boundary b/t epithelium in cervix:
columnar epi encircling the os: |
squamocolumnar junction
ectropion |
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fanlike tip of uterrus toward ovary:
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fallopian tube
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ovaries, tubes, and supporting tissues
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adnexa
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production of ova
secrete hormones |
functions of ovaries
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tanner scale for females depends on:
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1. growth of pubic hair
2. development of breasts |
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ovarian fxn diminishes at:
menstral pds cease b/t: |
40's
45-52 |
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postmenopausal bleeding raises question of:
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endometrial cancer
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secondary amenorrhea causes:
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low body weight from:
1. malnutrition and anorexia 2. stress 3. chronic illness 4. hypothalmic-pituitary- ovarian dysfxn |
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failure to initiate periods
cessation after they estab. |
primary amenorrhea
secondary amenorrhea |
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pain with menstruation:
abnormally frequent periods: inc. amount or duration flow: |
dysmenorrhea
menorrhagia metrorrhagia |
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postcoital bleeding suggests______ or in an older woman _________
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cervical dz.(polyps, cancer)
atrophic vaginitis |
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tenderness
tingling increased breast size |
common early symptoms of pregnancy
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amenorrhea followed by heavy bleeding suggests:
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*threatened abortion
*dysfunctional uterine bleeding related to lack of ovulation |
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most common vulvovaginal symptoms:
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vaginal discharge, local itching
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discomfort during sex:
involuntary spasm of mx surrouding vagina making sex painful or impossible: |
dyspareunia
vaginismus |
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at 18 or at onset of sexual activity
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start screening for cervical cr
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methods of birth control:
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natural
barrier implantable pharmacologic surgery |
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mood shifts
changes in self-concept hot flashes accel bone loss inc LDL-C dysuria dyspareunia |
changes of menopause
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types of specula for pap smear:
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Pedersen
Graves |
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best for parous women with vaginal prolapse
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graves specula
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prolapse of the urethral mucosa found almost exclusively in the post menopausal woman
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urethral caruncle
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small, firm, round nodules in labia; yellowish color:
Firm, painless ulcer: |
epidermoid cyst
syphilitic chancre |
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yellow discharge suggests mucopurulent cervicitis caused by:
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chlamydia trachomatis
neisseria gonorrhoeae herpes simplex |
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uterine enlargement suggests:
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pregnancy or tumors
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nodules of the uterine surface suggest
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myomas
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_____years after menopause, the ovaries atrophy and are no longer palpable
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3-5 years
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most common hernia in female groin:
_____ ranks next in frequency: |
indirect inguinal hernia
femoral hernia |
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urethritis may arise from infection with:
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clamydia trachomatis or neisserria gonorrhoeae
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rapidly growing excrescences that are moist and malodorous. result from infx by hpv
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vereal wart
(condyloma acuminatum) |
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cluster of small vesicles, followed by shallow, painful, noninfurated ulcers on red bases
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genital herpes
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oval or round,dark red, painless erosion or ulcer w/ indurated base; when secondarily infx may be pain
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syphilitic chancre
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urethral meatus to inf surface of penis.
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hypospadias
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palpable nontender hard plaques just beneath skin along dorsum of penis; crooked painful erections
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peyronie's dz
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infurated nodule or ulcer that is usually nontender. almost all are not circumcised in childhood
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cr. of the penis
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comes through inguinal ring, so fingers can't get above it in scrotum
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scrotal hernia
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scrotal edema my accompany generalized edema of:
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CHF
nephrotic syndrome |
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testis acutely inflamed, painful, tender, and swollen; diff to dist. from the epididymis; seen in mumps and other viral infx; usually unilat.
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acute orchitis
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small firm testes in:
small soft testes seen in: |
klinefelter's syndrome
cirrhosis, mytonic dystrophy, use of estrogens, hypopituitarism; may follow orchitis |
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acute epididymitis dx is supported:
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UTI or prostatitis
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painless movable mass above testis suggests; both transilluminate
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spermatocele or epididymal cyst
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firm enlargement of epididymis with beading of vas deferens
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TB epididymitis
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small firm round cystic nodules in the labia
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epidermoid cyst
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warty lesions on the labia w/in vestibule suggest:
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condylomata acuminata
(due to hpv) |
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shallow small painful ulers on red bases suggest
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genital herpes
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slightly raised, flat, round or oval papules coveed by gray exudate suggest:
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condylomata lata (these are contagious)
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ulcerated or raised vulvar lesion in elderly woman may indicate:
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vulvar cr.
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buldge of ant vaginal wall and bladder
+ urethra: |
cystocele
cystourethrocele |
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herniation of the rectum into post wall of vagina
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rectocele
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small, red, benign tumor visible at post part of urethral meatus chiefly in postmenopausal women with no symptoms
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urethral caruncle
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forms swollen red ring around the urethral meatus before menarche or after menopause
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prolapse of urethral mucosa
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2 epi that cover cervix:
these meet at: |
squamous and columnar
squamocolumnar junction |
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columnar epi changes to squamous epi:
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metaplasia
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retention cysts:
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nabothian cysts
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: childhood nipples may be slightly elev in fem
: scant, straight, pubic hair Boys: testes enlarge, scrotal texture Girls: slight elev of breast : pubic hair more, curly boys: penis inc length, testes enlarge : boys: penis inc width, glans develops, scrotum darkens girls: areola rises above rest of breast : Adulthood pubic hair on thighs girls: areola no longer rises above the rest of the breast |
tanner stage
1 2 3 4 5 |
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infrequent or very light menstruation
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oligomenorrhea
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__________: fairly common, probably congential
abnormality located in the midline superficial to the coccyx or the lower sacrum look for opening of sinus tract may exhibit a small tuft of hair and be surrounded by a halo of erythema |
pilonidal cyst
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dilated veins that orginate below the pectinate line and are covered with skin
seldom produce symptoms unless thrombosis occurs - acute local pain increasing with defecation & sitting |
external hemorrhoids (thrombosed)
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enlargements of normal vascular cushions located above the pectinate line
usually not palpable may cause bright red bleeding during defecation |
internal hemmorrhoids (prolapsed)
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on straining for a bowel movement, the rectal muscosa, with or without its muscular wall, may prolapse through the anus
appears as a doughnut or rosette of red tissue |
prolapse of the rectum
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a very painful oval ulceration of the anal canal
most commoly in the midline posteriorly its long axis lies longitudinally may be a swollen "sentinel" skin tag below it the sphincter is spastic making the exam painful - may need local anesthesia |
anal fissure
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an inflammatory tract or tube that opens at one end into the anus or rectum and at the other end onto the skin surface or into another viscus
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anorectal fistula
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variable in size and number
can develop on a stalk (pedunculated) or lie on the muscosal surface (sessile) soft and may be difficult or impossible to feel proctoscopy & biopsy are needed to determine if benign or malignant |
polyps of the rectum
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asymptomatic _________ of the rectum makes routine rectal exams important for adults
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carcinoma
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peritoneal mets may develop in the area of the peritonial refection anterior to the rectum
a firm to hard nodular _________ may be palpable with the tip of the finger |
rectal shelf
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the prostate is about _____ cm long
on DRE the median sulcus and be felt _________ lesions are not detectable by physical examination |
2.5
anterior |
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an acute, febrile condition caused by bacterial infection
the gland is very tender, swollen, firm & warm |
acute prostatitis
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_____________ doesnt produce consistent findings and must be evaluated by other methods
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chronic prostatitis
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the prostate feels symmetrically enlarged, smooth, and firm though slightly elastic
seems to protrude more into the rectal lumen median sulcus may by obliterated finding a normal size gland by palpation doesn't rule it out |
BPH
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it is suggested by an area of hardness in the prostate
a distinct hard nodule that alters the contour of the gland may or may not be palpable fells irregular & may extend beyond the gland |
cancer of the prostate
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anal canal held closed by voluntary________and involuntary________
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external anal sphincter
internal anal sphincter(extension of muscular coat of rectal wall) |
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anorectal jxn denotes boudary b/t somatic and visceral nerve supplies
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pectinate or dentate line
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3 lobes surround urethra
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prostate gland
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shaped like rabbit ears above prostate and aren't normally palpable
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seminal vescicles
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felt through ant wall of rectum in females
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cervix
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3 inward foldings in rectal wall
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valves of houston
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black stools
red blood in stools |
melena
hematochezia |
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change in bowel pattern, expecially thin pencil like caliber may warn of
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cancer
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blood in stool from:
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polyps
cancer GI bleeding local hemorrhoids mucus in villous adenoma |
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proctitis with:
Bleeding in anorectal infx w/: |
anorectal pain
pruritus tenesmus discharge gonorrhea chlamydia lymphogranuloma venereum |
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ulcerations in:
chancre in: |
herpes simplex
primary syphilis |
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itching in younger pts from:
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pinworms
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genital warts from:
condylomata lata anal fissures in: |
hpv
in secondary syphilis proctitis, crohn's dz |
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discomfort or heaviness in prostate area or assoc w/ malaise,fever,or chills suggests:
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prostatitis
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leading cancer dx in men in U.S. and 2nd cause of death in North American men
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prostate cr.
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highest incidence of prostate cr.:
lowest: |
african american men
asian and native american |
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discomfort or heaviness in prostate area or assoc w/ malaise,fever,or chills suggests:
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prostatitis
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leading cancer dx in men in U.S. and 2nd cause of death in North American men
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prostate cr.
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highest incidence of prostate cr.:
lowest: |
african american men
asian and native american |
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discomfort or heaviness in prostate area or assoc w/ malaise,fever,or chills suggests:
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prostatitis
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leading cancer dx in men in U.S. and 2nd cause of death in North American men
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prostate cr.
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highest incidence of prostate cr.:
lowest: |
african american men
asian and native american |
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AVG. AGE OF DX AND DEATH FROM PROSTATE CR
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70
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SCREENING TESTS FOR PROSTATE CR
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DRE
PSA |
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INCOMPLETE EMPTYING OF BLADDER, URINARY FREQ OR URGENCY, WEAK STREAM, STRAIN TO INITIATE FLOW, HEMATURIA, NOCTURIA, PAIN IN PELVIS
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SYMPTOMS OF PROSTATE D/O
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SCREENING TESTS FOR COLORECTAL CANCER
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DRE
FOBT SIGMOIDOSCOPY(every 3-5 yrs over 50) |
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hemorrhoids, venereal warts, herpes, syphilitic chancre, carcinoma
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anal and perianal lesions
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anal sphincter tightens in:
laxity in: |
inflammation,scarring
neurologic dz |
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induration may be due to:
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inflammation, scarring, or malignancy
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