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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Symbol for elements: Sodium, Phosphorus, Hydrogen, Chlorine, Oxygen, Iron, Potassium, Calcium, Iodine
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Na, P, H, Cl, O, Fe, K, Ca, I
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Define electrolytes
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ionic compound that breaks apart into positive and negative ions in solution
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define free radical
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electrically charged atom(s) with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell
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define antioxidant
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substances that inactivate oxygen-derived free radicals.
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a substance that dissociates in water and releases hydrogen ions is known as a/an _________ and will cause the pH to go _____.
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acid; down
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substances that slow pH changes by donating or accepting hydrogen ions to change strong acids or bases into weaker acids or bases is known as a __________.
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buffer system.
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a change of pH from 7 to 4 would be a change of ________ times and would make the solution more ________________.
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1000 or 10^3; acidic
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A change of pH from 7 to 9 would be a change of ____________ times and would make the solution more _________.
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100 or 10^2; basic
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breathing slower than normal would cause the CO2 to increase/decrease and would result in hypercapnia/hypocapnia. This would result in the formation of more/less carbonic acid. THis would result in a rise/lowering of pH and would result in acidosis/alkalosis.
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increase; hypercapnia; more; lowering; acidosis
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two atoms with the same atomic number but different atomic masses are known as ________.
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isotopes
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an atom that has an unequal number of electrons and protons and that carries a charge is known as an _______.
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ion
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a bond formed between atoms in which there is a sharing of electrons is known as ______ bond
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covalent
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a positively charged ion is known as a _______
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cation
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Ca2+ is an example of a(n)
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cation
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substances held together by _______ bonds dissolve in water
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ionic
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a reaction in which electrons are lost by a molecule is known as a(n) ________ reaction
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oxidation
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in a solution the substance that something is dissolved in is called the _______ while the substance dissolved in another is called the _________.
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solvent; solute
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the positive particles found in the nucleus of an atom are called _______
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protons
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the negative particles found in shells (clouds) around the nucleus are called ______
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electrons
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the chemical bonding properties of an atom are determined by the __________ electrons
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valence
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list 3 buffer systems
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carbonic acid - bicarbonate, protein, phosphate
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hyperventilation will increase/decrease the PCO2 in the blood and will cause the blood pH to increase/decrease.
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decrease; increase
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an increase above normal of PCO2 is known as ______.
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hypercapnia
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an example of a cation would be _____ while an example of an anion would be ______.
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Na+; Cl-
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