Innate Immunity (Lecture 3-4)

Front 1

what are three different types of PRPs? (pattern recognition proteins)

Back 1

1) soluble proteins in blood & lymph

2) cell surface receptor, phagocytosis inducing)

3) cell surface receptor, cytokine release inducing)

Front 2

What type of PRP is the mannose-binding lectin?

Back 2

Soluble PRP in the blood & lymph (secreted)

Front 3

what does mannose-bining lectin bind to?

Back 3

sugars (mannose)

Front 4

How is the lectin pathway is innitiated?

Back 4

1) mannose-binding lectin binds to cell surface

Front 5

What does mannose-binding lectin do when it binds to a cell surface? (lectin pathway)

Back 5

it initiates the complement system
--> infammation, lysis of foreign cells, opsonization

Front 6

what does complement system do?

Back 6

1) inflammation

2) lysis of foreign cells

3) opsonization

Front 7

what does a cell do when PRP is in action?

Back 7

1) phagocytosis

2) cytokines release

Front 8

What does a macrophage do when it detects an antigen?

Back 8

0) signal transduction pathway initiated

1) phagocytosis

2) cytokine release

Front 9

what PRPs & receptors are on the macrophage? (five)

Back 9

1) mannose receptor
--> lectin, binds to SURFACE molecules on pathogen

2) scavenger receptor
--> old & apoptotic cell elimination

3) glucan receptor

4) LPS receptor
--> stimulates cytokine production, works w/ TLR

5) Toll-like receptor
--> signal transduction, works with other receptor (LPS receptor and such)

Front 10

what are some of the macrophage cytokines?

Back 10

*Local & systemic effects*
IL-1
IL-6
TNF-alpha

*local effects*
IL-8
IL-12

Front 11

Function of IL-1?

Back 11

Local:
vascular endothelium activation, lymphocyte activation, local tissue distruction, increase access to effector cells

systemic:
production of IL-6

Front 12

Function of TNF-alpha?

Back 12

local:
vascular endothelium activation, vascular permeability increase

systemic: fever, mobilization of metabolites, shock

Front 13

What activates NK cells?

Back 13

IL-12 from the macrophage

Front 14

Function of IL-12?

Back 14

NK cell activation, differentiation of CD4 T cells into T-helper cells

Front 15

Function of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha on liver?

Back 15

acute-phase proteins (C-reactive protein, manose-binding protein)

--> activation of complement opsonization

Front 16

Function of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha on bone marrow endothelium?

Back 16

neutrophil mobilzation

--> phagocytosis

Front 17

Function of IL-1/IL-6/TNF-alpha on hypothalamus?

Back 17

increased body temperature

--> decreased viral and bacterial replication, increased antigen processing, facilitates adaptive immune response

Front 18

Function of TNF-alpha on dentritic cells?

Back 18

TNF-a stimulates migration to lymph nodes and maturation

--> initiation of adaptive immune response

Front 19

what does the NEUTROPHIL do?

Back 19

phagocytosis
reactive oxygen & nitrogen species
antimicrobial peptides

Front 20

what does the macrophage do?

Back 20

phagocytosis
inflammatory mediators
antigen presentation
reactive oxygen & nitrogen species
cytokine production
complement proteins production

Front 21

what does the dentritic cell do?

Back 21

antigen presentation!

Front 22

what does the NK cell do?

Back 22

lysis of viral-infected cells
macrophage activation

Front 23

macrophage phagosomes is fused with _________ to kill the bacteria. It contains ________.

Back 23

lysosome

lysosomal enzymes

Front 24

what are the two oxygen dependent killing mechanisms ?

Back 24

1) Reactive oxygen radicals (ROI)

2) Reactive nitrogen intermediates (RNI)

Front 25

what are the two oxygen INDEPENDENT killing mechanisms?

Back 25

1) Hydrolytic enzymes (lysozyme, protease, RNases & DNases)

2) Defensins

Front 26

what are the three enzymes that make reactive oxygen radicals?

Back 26

1) NADPH oxidase

2) Superoxide dismutase (SOD)

3) myeloperoxidase

Front 27

what are the three mechanisms that promote the opsonization of a pathogen?

Back 27

1) Mannose-binding lectin

2) C-reactive protein

3) complement proteins

Front 28

two components of the innate immunity?

Back 28

Cellular & soluble

Front 29

cellular components of the innate immunity are...

Back 29

1) phagocytic cells & granulocytes - release toxins, cytokines

2) high precursor frequency of reactive cells

3) multiplicity of receptors for conserved aspects of microbes

Front 30

soluble components of the innate immunity are...

Back 30

1) blood plasma proteins that recognize microbes

2) plasma proteins that destroy microbes

3) proteins that sequester molecules needed for microbial nutrition

Front 31

how does the skin provide protection from an infection?

Back 31

physical barrier

acidic (pH 3-5

secretion of psoriasin

Front 32

pathogenic challenges induces two responses:

Back 32

1) soluble proteins in lymph & blood (C reactive protein, complement)

2) phagocytes (phagocytosis, cytokine production)

Front 33

three types of cells that reside within the epithelium and induces inflammation in response to trauma or microbial products

Back 33

1) macrophage

2) mast cells

3) Langerhan's cells (skin dendritic cell)

Front 34

consequences of inflammation (three)

Back 34

1) increase in vascular diameter

2) increase in vascular permeability

3) endothelial cells activated to express adhesion molecules.

Front 35

mast cells release ______ which induces inflammation

Back 35

histamine