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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Innate defenses |
nonspecific defenses -physical -chemical -cellular -inflammation -fever -molecular |
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Adaptive defenses |
specific defenses |
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INNATE: Physical Barriers |
skin & mucous membranes -layers -secrete mucus -cilia (washing action & reflexes-sneezing) |
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INNATE: Chemical Barriers |
Skin- perspiration(salty) - sebum (acidic) Stomach- gastric acid Body secretions- lysozyme |
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INNATE: Cellular Defenses |
Blood |
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Blood composition |
Fluid portion (60%)-plasma Formed elements (40%) -erythrocytes (RBCs) -leukocytes (WBCs) -platelets/thrombocytes (for clotting) |
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Leukocytes: neutrophils |
aka: PMNs phagocytic active in initial infection- can enter tissue -increase if bacterial |
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Leukocytes: eosinophils |
somewhat phagocytic -increase if parasites or allergy |
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Leukocytes: basophils |
release histamine (role in allergies & inflammation) |
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Leukocytes: monocytes |
mater in macrophages (phagocytic) |
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Leukocytes: lymphocytes |
part of adaptive immunity: B & T cells -increase if viral |
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Extracellular Killing |
natural killer cells -type of lymphocyte -kills cells infected w/ virus -excrete cytotoxic proteins |
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WBC differential count |
neutrophils: 40-75% lymphocytes: 20-45% monocytes: 2-10% eosinophils: 1-6% basophils: 0-1% |
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Leprosy (Hansen's Disease) |
100 cases in US last year (most immigrants from Asia, Africa, & Mexico -2 dozen cases in US born patients each year (armadillos) |
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Leprosy agent |
mycobacterium leprae -acid fast -bacillus -intracellular infection (macrophages) -v. slow growing |
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Leprosy transmission |
unsure- resp. droplets? -not very contagious -95% ppl naturally immune (genetic) |
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Leprosy 2 forms: tuberculoid |
"anesthetic" affects skin pigment nerve damage incubation: 2-5 yrs |
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Leprosy 2 forms: lepromatous |
granulomas due to host cellular defenses (macrophages) incubation: 9-12 yrs |
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Leprosy diagnosis: |
-skin scrapings (acid fast stain) -won't grow in lab: obligate pathogen, lost genes for independent growth |
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leprosy treatment |
long-term antibiotics (6-12 mo.) -reduces granulomas but can't repair lost tissue -free in endemic countries * no vaccine |
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Leprosy WHO campaign |
a massive international effort launched to eradicate leprosy- 16 million cured worldwide -still 2-3 million permanently disabled -WHO goal: no longer public health problem |
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Inflammation: |
-occur w/ any tissue injury "itis" -tonsillitis, etc SYMPTOMS: -heat -redness -swelling -pain |
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inflammation cont. |
damaged cells release variety of chemicals that trigger: -vasodilation -vascular permeability -diapedesis (phagocytes into tissue: neutrophils:) PUS= dead wBC's, microbes, tissue debris |
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inflammation benefits |
1. destroy agent of injury 2. limit injury (clotting) 3. repair damaged tissue (scar) |
