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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Acute Injury |
Injury caused by a single sudden traumatic incident |
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Chronic Injury |
Injury as a result of repeated overuse and continuous wear and tear |
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Recurrent Injury
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Injury resulting from past trauma and improperly healed tissue – very unstable and susceptible to re-injury |
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Primary Injury
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Injury as a result from stresses imposed from a particular sport or event – e.g. A hit in hockey
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Secondary Injury
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Injury resulting from previous primary injury that results in an intrinsic condition at the site of injury |
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Emergency Action Plan (EAP)
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Designated Call, Charge, and Control people to help ensure proper care for an injured individual |
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Severity of Injury
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Determined by a combination of physical, psychological, and emotional states, as well as the athlete’s ability to continue, their pain tolerance, and a previous knowledge of the athlete |
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Sensation
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Referred to as Sharp, Stabbing – Acute: Dull – Recurrent: Burning/ Tingling – Nerve damage |
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Bone
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Capable of near perfect repair – provides support and muscle attachment
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Periostitis |
Bone Inflammation |
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Avulsion Fracture |
A ligament or tendon tears a small piece of bone away from its cortex - usually as a result of a powerful twist or stretch of a body part |
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Impacted (Compression) Fracture |
When a bone receives an excessive amount of force along its axis, compressing the osseous tissue - usually as a result of a long fall or similar |
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Greenstick Fracture |
An incomplete break in an immature bone – usually a result of bending force |
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Comminuted Fracture |
A grouping of three or more fractures at a site that poses a healing challenge due to the presence of multiple bone fragments – usually caused by a hard blow or awkward fall |
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Linear (Fissured) Fracture |
When a bone splits along its axis – often the result of high impact stress along the bone axis |
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Transverse Fracture |
A break caused by excessive shear force, occurring at near right angles to the bone axis – usually caused by a direct external force |
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Oblique Fracture
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Similar to a spiral fracture, and is caused by sudden torsion while the other end is fixed |
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Spiral Fracture
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An S-shaped separation – usually caused by a twist of the body while the foot is firmly planted on the ground, common in football |
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Stress Fracture
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No specific cause, but is a result of a number of possible causes – Early detection is difficult, but can be detected by bone scans and xrays in the mature phases |
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Causes of Stress Fractures
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Overloading due to muscle contraction, altered stress (overtraining), changes in performance surface, repetitive stress vibrations, microfractures
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Symptoms of Stress Fractures
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Focal tenderness and pain, Pain with activity, Pain increasing at night, Percussion tap tests
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Common Sites of Stress Fractures
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Tibia, Fibula, Metatarsal shaft, Calcaneous, Femur, Pars Interarticularis, ribs, and humerus |
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Epiphyseal Conditions |
Structural disruption at the ends of bones – Hyaline cartilage at the end of each long bone, Three types can be sustained by adolescents (growth plate, articular epiphysis, apophyseal injuries) – Usually occur most often in children ages 10-16
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Five Types of Epiphyseal Injuries |
Type I – Separation, Type II – Fracture – separation, Type III – Fracture-part of physis, Type IV –Fracture-epiphysis and physeal plate, Type V – Crushing of the epiphyseal plate *All can cause premature closure* |
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Apophyseal Injuries
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Injuries to the tubercle of a bone – Young active individuals are more susceptible |
