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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 classifications of cardiomyopathies
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hypertrophic
alcohol-related idiopathic dilated restrictive |
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some inherited multi-system diseases with cardiac involvement
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Marfan's
myotonic dystrophy Muscular dystrophy Ehlers-Danlos Loeys-Dietz |
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define cardiomyopathies
what do they predipose to |
chronic disease, usually inherited, of myocardium--> enlarges, thickens, stiffens, weakens
--> arrhythmias & HF |
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commonest type of cardiomyopathy
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hypertrophic
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cardiomyopathies can develop 2° to what
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ischaemia
valve abnormalities HTN inflam systemis---metabolic---drugs---alcohol |
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S&Ss cardiomyopathies
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SYMPS: faitgue---dyspnoea---po oedema---palpitations/ arrhythmia----syncope.
SIGNS: ↑HR jerky pulse, ↓BP, ↑JVP, displaced apex |
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IXs for cardiomyopathies
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ECG, CXR, Echo, cardiac catheterisation
?iron studies, genetic testing, TFTs, Holter monitoring |
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how does dilated cardiomyopathy usually present on CXR
ECG feature |
CXR- cardiomegaly, po oedema
ECG- LBBB |
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pathological effects of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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obstruct LV outflow= ↓EF
↓coronary perfusion MR rhythm disturbances stiff/ relaxes poorly = S4 |
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heart sounds heard in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
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S4 - stiff, non-compliant ventricle, late filling
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arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies - where do arrhythmias usually originate
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LV/RV (sometimes atria)
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arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy ECG findings- & what specific feature
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T wave inversion
QRS>1s EPSILON waves - long & low afterpotentials |
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what type of cardiomyopathy are EPSILON waves found in the ECG
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arrythmogenic
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what's restrictive cardiomyopathy
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walls become stiff (not necessarily thickened)
resist filling = ↓EDV normal EF |
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which 3 cardiomyopathies show an autosomal dominant pattern of inheritance
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Hypertrophic
dilated arrhythmogenic |
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pharmacological treatment of cardiomyopathies include? (6)
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ACEIs---Diuretics----BBs---rate-limiting CCBs
anticoagulants anti-arrhythmics |
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separate management for arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathies
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rate-control
RFCA for VT ICD for high risk pt's |
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4 important complications of cardiomyopathies
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long QT syndrome
Primary electrical diseases Brugada syndrome SCD (sudden cardiac death) |
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what's long QT syndrome
triggers onset age |
congenital
syncope, seizures, SCD, asymp prone to VT, torsades de pointes triggers: high adrenergic tone, sudden auditory stimuli, swimming, sleep age: teens! |
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treatment for inherited long QT syndrome/ complication of cardiomyopathies
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low risk- lifestyle & BB's
high risk- lifestyle + ICS + BBs |
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what's brugada syndrome (complication of cardiomyopathies)
who does if effect |
cardiac Ca channel mutation
risk VT/VF, AF can present with long QT young men |
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treatment for brugada syndrome (complication of cardiomyopathies)
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symptomatic/ FH- ICD
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