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239 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Blood returning to the heart from the body organs enters the: a) Left atrium through the aorta. b) Right atrium through the vena cava. c) Left atrium through the vena cava d) Right ventricle through the vena cava. |
Right atrium through the vena cava.
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The only vein in the body that transports oxygen-rich blood is the:
a) Coronary vein. b) Aortic vein. c) Pulmonary vein. d) Inferior vena cava |
Pulmonary vein
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Which set of chambers supplies blood to the pulmonary circulation?
a) The atria. b) The ventricles. c) The right atrium and right ventricle. d) The left atrium and left ventricle |
The right atrium and right ventricle
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Regarding the orientation of the heart, choose the INCORRECT statement: a) The anterior or sternocostal surface its formed by the right ventricle. b) The posterior surface or base its formed by the left atrium. c) The inferior or diaphragmatic its formed by the left and right ventricles. d) The right pulmonary surface its formed by the right atrium, and the leftpulmonary surface by the left atrium |
The right pulmonary surface its formed by the right atrium, and the leftpulmonary surface by the left atrium |
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The valve which separates the right atrium and right ventricle is: a) The mitral valve. b) The tricuspid valve. c) The aortic valve. d) The pulmonary valve |
The tricuspid valve |
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Regarding the heart wall, choose the INCORRECT statement:
a) It is made up of three layers and surrounded by a double–membrane saccalled the pericardium. b) The endocardium is made up of a lining of simple squamous epithelium andcovers heart chambers and valves c) The myocardium is the cardiac muscle, a layer of involuntary striated muscletissue surrounded by a framework of collagen. d) The pericardium is a double sac membrane that encloses the heart and makesup the semilunar valves. |
The pericardium is a double sac membrane that encloses the heart and makesup the semilunar valves.
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The layer of the heart wall that corresponds to the visceral pericardium is:
a) The endocardium. b) The epicardium. c) The myocardium. d) The serous pericardium. |
The epicardium.
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What is the role of the papillary muscles on the heart's wall?
a) The papillary muscles act as a portion of the skeleton of the heart,strengthening heart walls. b) The papillary muscles keep the semilunar valves of the aorta and pulmonarytrunk in position. c) The papillary muscles keep the atrioventricular valves from bulging in thewrong direction. d) The papillary muscles function remains unknown |
The papillary muscles keep the atrioventricular valves from bulging in thewrong direction.
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The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall in order to:
a) Accommodate a greater volume of blood. b) Pump blood with greater pressure. c) Pump blood through a smaller valve. d) Expand the thoracic cage during diastole. |
Pump blood with greater pressure.
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Regarding the coronary arteries, choose the CORRECT statement:
a) They arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during diastole. b) They arise from the ascending aorta and fill during systole. c) They arise from the arch of the aorta and fill during systole. d) They arise from the ascending aorta and fill during diastole |
They arise from the ascending aorta and fill during diastole. |
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The right coronary artery branches to form the posterior descending arteryand: a) The anterior descending artery. b) The circumflex artery. c) The right marginal artery. d) The coronary sinus. |
The right marginal artery |
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The Coronary artery dominance is determined by: a) The artery that supplies the anterior descending or interventricular artery. b) The artery which gives off blood supply to the sinoatrial node. c) The artery that has the most ramifications.d) The artery which gives off supply to the AV node. |
The artery which gives off supply to the AV node |
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Which of the following is not a component of the cardiac conduction system? a) Atrioventricular (AV) valve b) Sinoatrial node c) Bundle of Hiz. d) Conduction myofibers. |
Atrioventricular (AV) valve |
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Regarding the atrioventricular (AV) node, choose the CORRECT statement: a) It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and is the only electrical connectionbetween the atria and the ventricles. b) It is formed of Purkinje fibres and is the only electrical connection between theatria and the ventricles c) It is formed of autonomic nerve processes and forms one of several electricalconnections between the atria and ventricles. d) It is formed of Purkinje fibres and forms one of several electrical connectionsbetween the atria and ventricles. |
It is formed of Purkinje fibres and is the only electrical connection between theatria and the ventricles |
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Which of the following applies to the sinoatrial node? a) It is found in the upper part of the right atrium near to the junction with thesuperior vena cava. b) It produces important enzymes. c) Is the natural pacemarker of the heart and it sets the heart rate. d) It is a mass of nerve cells. |
It is found in the upper part of the right atrium near to the junction with thesuperior vena cava. |
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The vessel that lies deepest in the body, with the thickest wall and carryingblood under greatest pressure is: a) The vein b) The artery c) The capillary d) The venule |
The artery |
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An exchange of nutrients and wastes takes place across: a) Artery walls b) Vein walls c) Capillary walls d) Venule walls |
Capillary walls |
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Regarding the arteries, choose the INCORRECT statement: a) The blood pressure in arteries is higher than that in the veins. b) Arteries have thick walls that contain layers of muscle and connective tissue. c) The smooth muscles of the arterial walls contract or expand to regulate theflow of blood through their lumen. d) Arteries contain only oxygenated blood. |
Arteries contain only oxygenated blood. |
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The role of valves in the veins is to: a) Slow blood flow in the veins so that the blood can move more slowly in thecapillaries.b) Block the flow of blood to the heart until it has time to contract again. c) Push the blood back toward the capillaries so that all the oxygen can beremoved. d) Keep the blood from flowing backward when the veins are squeezed by theskeletal muscles. |
Keep the blood from flowing backward when the veins are squeezed by theskeletal muscles. |
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The right common carotid artery is a branch of: a) The ascending aorta. b) The aortic arch. c) The brachiocephalic artery. d) The right subclavian artery. |
The brachiocephalic artery. |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding the spinal cord: a) It is surrounded by two meninges, the dura mater and the pia mater. b) The nerves are attached to the spinal cord by the anterior or sensory roots andthe posterior or motor roots. c) It is composed of an inner core of grey matter, which is surrounded by an outercovering of white matter. d) The spinal cord begins superiorly at the foramen ovale |
It is composed of an inner core of grey matter, which is surrounded by an outercovering of white matter. |
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The hindbrain is subdivided into: a) Medulla oblongata, pons, diencephalon. b) Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum. c) Midbrain, medulla oblongata, cerebellum. d) Forebrain, pons, cerebellum |
Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum. |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding the cerebellum: a) It is connected to the forth ventricle by the cerebral aqueduct. b) It consists of two laterally placed hemispheres connected by a median portion,the vermis. c) There are six layers to the cerebellar cortex.d) The cerebellum lies anterior to the forth ventricle |
It consists of two laterally placed hemispheres connected by a median portion,the vermis |
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Which one is the middle meninge? a) Dura mater b) Pia mater c) Arachnoid mater d) Leptomeninge |
Arachnoid mater |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding the histology of neurons: a) Each neuron has as a rule one dendrite b) There are three different types of neurons, unipolar, bipolar and multipolar. c) Neuroglia is a type of neuron. d) The nucleus in the cell body is peripherally located |
There are three different types of neurons, unipolar, bipolar and multipolar. |
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Oligodendrocyte cells are one of several types of _______ cells in the nervoustissue
a) Association b) Motor c) Microglial d) Neuroglial |
Neuroglial |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding neuroglial cells: a) Astrocytes provide mechanical support for the neurons and are also the scarformingcells of the CNS. b) Ependymal cells form myelin sheath around axons in the CNS. c) Microglia are cells that contain synaptic vesicles with neurotransmitters. d) Ependymal cells form tight junction between them and avoid a free exchangebetween cerebrospinal fluid and nervous tissue. |
Astrocytes provide mechanical support for the neurons and are also the scarformingcells of the CNS. |
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The vital centers for the control of visceral activities such as heart rate,breathing, blood pressure, swallowing, and vomiting are located in the: a) Hypothalamus b) Cerebrum c) Midbrain d) Medulla oblongata |
Medulla oblongata |
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Which structure separates the frontal and parietal lobes from the temporallobe? a) Central sulcus b) Precentral gyrus c) Lateral sulcus d) Postcentral gyrus |
Lateral sulcus |
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Which of the following is (are) NOT a major part of the cerebellum? a) Tegmentum b) Flocculonodular lobe c) Vermis d) Lateral hemispheres |
Flocculonodular lobe |
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Which of the following is the LARGEST structure of the diencephalon? a) Thalamus. b) Subthalamus. c) Epithalamus. d) Hypothalamus. |
Thalamus. |
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The stalk that connects the hypothalamus to the pituitary is the:
a) corpus callosum. b) infundibulum. c) insula. d) intermediate mass |
infundibulum |
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What lobe of the cerebrum is located deep within the lateral sulcus? a) Frontal lobe. b) Insula. c) Parietal lobe. d) Temporal lobe. |
Insula |
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The cerebrospinal fluid circulates around the brain and spinal cord in the: a) Epidural space. b) Neural tube. c) Subarachnoid space. d) Subdural space |
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Which structure connects the pons superiorly to the spinal cord inferiorly? a) Medulla oblongata. b) Cerebellum. c) Thalamus. d) Hindbrain. |
Medulla oblongata |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding the corpus callosum: a) It is constituted of grey matter. b) It connects various cortical regions within the same hemisphere. c) It is a projection fiber. d) It is a commissural fiber. |
It is a commissural fiber. |
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The main anatomical structure which produces cerebrospinal fluid is called the: a) Amygdala b) Cerebral cortex c) Cerebellum d) Choroid plexus |
Choroid plexus |
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Choose the BEST answer regarding the ventricular system: a) The ventricles are lined by neuroglia, which form a structure called the choroidplexus. b) The lateral ventricles are connected to the third ventricle by the foramenmagnum. c) The system is formed of six ventricles. d) The ventricular system is a set of communicating cavities within the brain |
The ventricular system is a set of communicating cavities within the brain. |
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When you look at an intact human brain, what you see the most is a large,highly convoluted outer surface. What is this? a) Cerebral cortex b) Medulla c) Cerebellum d) Reticular system |
Cerebral cortex |
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Choose the BEST answer regarding the cerebral cortex histology: a) The human cerebral cortex is 5 centimetres thick. b) It does not have an important function. c) The neocortex has six horizontal layers. d) It is composed of white matter. |
The neocortex has six horizontal layers |
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Which answer is CORRECT about all the impressions at the inferior surface of theliver: a) Renal, lung, heart, colic and gastric impressions. b) Gastric, colic, lung, diaphragm and renal impressions. c) Renal, colic, duodenal, gastric and suprarenal impressions. d) Colic, duodenal, gastric and lung impressions |
Renal, colic, duodenal, gastric and suprarenal impressions. |
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The caudate lobe is situated at which region of the liver: a) Inferior surface at the left lobe. b) Posterior surface at the left lobe. c) Posterior surface at the right lobe. d) Inferior surface at the right lobe |
Posterior surface at the right lobe |
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Which answer is CORRECT about the right lobe: a) Occupies the right hypochondrium region and is separated from the left lobe by thecoronary ligament. b) Occupies the epigastric region and is separated from the left lobe by the falciformligament. c) Occupies the right hypochondrium region and is separated from the left lobe by thefalciform ligament. d) Occupies the right lumbar region and is separated from the left lobe by the falciformligament. |
Occupies the right hypochondrium region and is separated from the left lobe by thefalciform ligament |
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Choose the answer that includes ALL of the structures with which the liver isanatomically associated: a) Anterior abdominal wall, ribcage and lung.b) Diaphragm, stomach and second part of duodenum. c) Diaphragm, ribcage, first part of the duodenum. d) Anterior abdominal wall, ribcage, diaphragm, first part of the duodenum, stomach,esophagus and gallbladder |
Anterior abdominal wall, ribcage, diaphragm, first part of the duodenum, stomach,esophagus and gallbladder. |
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What is the NORMAL anatomical position of the liver? a) Left hypochondrium region b) Right lumbar region c) Right hypochondrium region d) Right iliac region |
Right hypochondrium region |
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The liver is divided in its visceral surface in: a) Left and right lobes. b) Left, right, quadrate and caudate lobes. c) Left, right and caudate lobes. d) Left, right and quadrate lobes. |
Left, right, quadrate and caudate lobes. |
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The parenchyma of the liver is innervated by the: a) Celiac plexus b) Hepatic plexus c) Intercostal nerves d) Renal plexus |
Hepatic plexus |
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The portal lobule is defined as the part of the liver parenchyma that: a) Drains blood into the hepatic ductile present at the portal triad. b) Drains bile into the portal triad present at the hepatic ductile. c) Drains bile into the hepatic ductile present at the portal triad. d) Drains blood into the portal triad present at the hepatic ductile |
Drains bile into the hepatic ductile present at the portal triad. |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding the irrigation of the liver. a) The portal vein and the inferior mesenteric artery. b) The portal vein and the gastroduodenal artery. c) The portal vein and the hepatic artery. d) The inferior vena cava and the superior mesenteric artery |
The portal vein and the hepatic artery |
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The liver is divided in two lobes by: a) The falciform ligament. b) The portal vein. c) The coronary ligament. d) The triangular ligament |
The falciform ligament. |
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The normal liver lobule is drained by: a) A central artery. b) Is not drained. c) A central vein. d) A peripheral vein |
A central vein |
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Choose the RIGHT answer about liver blood and bile flow: a) The blood flows from the centre to periphery.b) The bile flows from periphery to centre. c) The blood flows from the periphery to centre.d) The bile does not flow |
The blood flows from the periphery to centre |
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Which of the following statements is correct? a) The liver produces bile and the gallbladder stores bile. b) The gallbladder produces bile and the liver stores bile. c) The gallbladder produces and stores bile. d) The liver just stores bile. |
The liver produces bile and the gallbladder stores bile |
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Which of the following statements about the liver is correct? a) The liver stores glycogen. b) The liver stores glucose. c) The liver stores glycogen and glucose. d) The liver stores insulin. |
The liver stores glycogen |
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Which of the following cells are involved in the production of bile? a) Kupffer cells. b) Hepatocytes. c) Sinusoid cells. d) Islets of Langerhans |
Hepatocytes |
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Which of the following is the CORRECT flow of bile from the liver cells to theduodenum of the small intestine? a) Common bile duct, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, bile duct. b) Bile ducts, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct. c) Hepatic ducts, bile ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct. d) Bile ducts, common hepatic duct, hepatic duct, common bile duct |
Bile ducts, hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct |
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Which of the following statements about bile is CORRECT? a) Bile is a chemical that will emulsify fat within the liver. b) Bile is an enzyme that will digest fat within the small intestine. c) Bile is a chemical that will emulsify fat within the small intestine. d) Bile is a liquid without cells that will emulsify fat within the liver |
Bile is a chemical that will emulsify fat within the small intestine. |
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One of the many functions of the liver is to break down old out red blood cells.What cells of the liver have this function? a) Kupffer cells. b) Hepatocytes. c) Sinusoid cells. d) Myocytes. |
Kupffer cells |
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What is the lifespan of a hepatocyte: a) 10 days.b) 12 hours.c) 1 month.d) 150 days. |
150 days. |
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The liver is covered in most of its surface by:
a) Peritoneum. b) Capsule of Glisson. c) Tunica serosa. d) Pleura. |
Tunica serosa
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Where is the pancreas located? a) In the retroperiotoneal sac. b) In the intraperitoneal space. c) In the subperitoneal space. d) None is correct. |
In the retroperiotoneal sac |
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Which organs are related to the pancreas on its anterior surface and above it? a) Esophagus, stomach, liver and spleen. b) Jejunum, ileum, cecum and appendix. c) Transverse colon, mesocolon and rectum. d) Duodenum, pylorus, stomach, liver and spleen |
Duodenum, pylorus, stomach, liver and spleen. |
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Which one of the next structures is not contained on the area behind thepancreas? a) The aorta. b) The portal vein. c) The duodenum. d) The left kidney. |
The duodenum. |
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Which is the part of the duodenum in which the major duodenal papilla projects? a) In the first part. b) In the second part. c) In the third part. d) In the fourth part |
In the second part. |
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About the pancreas, it is... a) only an endocrine gland b) only an exocrine gland. c) not a gland. d) both an endocrine and exocrine gland |
both an endocrine and exocrine gland |
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The pancreas is irrigated by... a) The celiac trunk and inferior mesenteric artery. b) The celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. c) The superior mesenteric artery and the inferior mesenteric artery. d) The superior mesenteric artery and the left common iliac artery |
The celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery. |
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About the celiac trunk, it… a) bifurcates into the hepatic artery and the left gastric artery. b) trifurcates into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastricartery. c) trifurcates into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery and right gastricartery. d) bifurcates into the hepatic artery and splenic artery. |
trifurcates into the common hepatic artery, splenic artery, and left gastricartery. |
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Which of the following ducts drains the superior part of the head of thepancreas? a) The common bile duct. b) The main pancreatic duct. c) The accessory pancreatic duct. d) The cystic duct. |
The accessory pancreatic duct |
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Which is the origin of the superior mesenteric artery? a) Inferiorly to the celiac trunk. b) Cephalic to the celiac trunk. c) Towards the right side of the celiac trunk. d) Towards the left side of the celiac trunk. |
Inferiorly to the celiac trunk. |
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What cells of the pancreas secrete insulin?
a) Alpha cells. b) Beta cells. c) Delta cells. d) Gamma cells |
Beta cells.
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What cells of the pancreas secrete glucagon? a) Alpha cells. b) Beta cells. c) Delta cells. d) Gamma cells |
Alpha cells. |
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Which of the following structures constitutes 99% of the pancreas? a) Pancreatic islets. b) Pancreatic ducts. c) Islets of Langerhans. d) Pancreatic acini. |
Pancreatic acini |
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Where does the pancreatic duct open into? a) Duodenum. b) Liver. c) Stomach. d) Large Intestine |
Duodenum. |
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Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas during and justafter a meal? a) Glucagon. b) Insulin. c) Renin. d) Erythropoietin |
Glucagon |
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Which of the following classifications of epithelium is correct regarding thepancreas? a) Simple. b) Stratified. c) Pseudostratified. d) Transitional. |
Simple |
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Which of the following classifications is CORRECT regarding the pancreaticgland?
a) Compound tubular gland. b) Simple coiled tubular gland. c) Compound acinar gland. d) Simple tubular gland. |
Compound acinar gland. |
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Regarding the type of secretions produced by the pancreas, it is... a) a mucus gland. b) a serous gland. c) both, a mucus and serous gland. d) not a gland |
a serous gland. |
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What kind of cells constitute the pancreatic tissue? a) Squamous. b) Cuboidal. c) Columnar. d) Pyramidal |
Pyramidal. |
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Which is the endocrine component of the pancreas? a) Islets of Langerhans. b) Pancreatic acini. c) Pancreatic duct. d) Vater’s ampulla |
Islets of Langerhans. |
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The kidneys are located: a) In the retroperitoneal space of the posterior abdominal cavity b) In the supramesocolic space of the peritoneal cavity c) In the inframesocolic space of the peritoneal cavity d) In the pelvic peritoneal space |
In the retroperitoneal space of the posterior abdominal cavity |
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In the kidney, the renal corpuscles are located in the:
a) Medulla b) Hilum c) Cortex d) Capsule |
Cortex |
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Which are the elements that compose the filtration apparatus in the renal corpuscle: a) Glomerular endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and visceral layer of Bowman’scapsule. b) Glomerular endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and parietal layer of Bowman’scapsule. c) Mesangial cells, glomerular basement membrane, and visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule. d) Extraglomerular mesangial cells, macula densa and podocytes. |
Glomerular endothelium, glomerular basement membrane, and visceral layer of Bowman’scapsule. |
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In which segment of the tubule is the AQP-2 located? (ADH regulated) a) Descending limb of the loop of Henle b) Collecting tubules c) Proximal convoluted tubule d) Ascending limb of the loop of Henle |
Collecting tubules
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Which structure is NOT anatomically related to the left kidney?
a) Spleen b) Stomach c) Liver d) Jejunum |
Liver
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The renal arteries arise from the aorta just inferior to the origin of the: a) Superior mesenteric artery b) Inferior mesenteric artery c) Celiac axis d) Gonadal arteries |
Superior mesenteric artery |
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Blood reaches the glomerulus through which of the following vessels? a) Efferent arteriole b) Afferent arteriole c) Vasa recta d) Peritubular network |
Afferent arteriole |
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Choose the correct order of the structures through which urine flows to the ureter: a) Major calyx, minor calyx, renal pelvis b) Minor calyx, mayor calyx, renal pelvis c) Renal pelvis, major calyx, minor calyx d) Renal pelvis, minor calyx, major calyx |
Minor calyx, mayor calyx, renal pelvis
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What is the name of the smooth muscle area limited by the two ureteral orifices andthe internal urethral orifice in the urinary bladder?
a) Detrusor b) Urachus c) Apex d) Trigone |
Trigone
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Which of these muscular structures from the urinary system is under voluntarycontrol? a) External urethral sphincter b) Internal urethral sphincter c) Detrusor d) Trigone |
External urethral sphincter |
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The ejaculatory ducts drain to the urethra at which of its anatomical parts? a) Membranous b) Prostatic c) Intramural d) Spongy |
Prostatic |
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Which of the following is NOT an anatomical constriction of the ureter? a) The junction of the ureters and renal pelvis b) The entering of the ureter into the bladder wall c) The crossing of the pelvic brim d) The course along the psoas major |
The course along the psoas major
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In females, the ureter runs inferior to which artery in the pelvis? a) A.Uterine artery b) B.Ovarian artery c) C.Vaginal artery d) D.Superior rectal artery |
Uterine artery |
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Juxtaglomerular cells secrete: a) Urea b) Antidiuretic hormone c) Renin d) Aldosterone |
Renin |
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What type of epithelium lines the urinary bladder? a) Simple cuboidal epithelium b) Simple columnar epithelium c) Stratified squamous epithelium d) Transitional epithelium |
Transitional epithelium |
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In relation to the clitoris and vaginal opening, the opening of the female urethra islocated:
a) Posterior to the clitoris and anterior to the vaginal opening b) Anterior to the clitoris and posterior to the vaginal opening c) Anterior to both clitoris and vaginal opening d) Posterior to both clitoris and vaginal opening |
Posterior to the clitoris and anterior to the vaginal opening
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By which epithelium is the urethra lined proximal to its external opening?
a) Simple cuboidal epithelium b) Simple columnar epithelium c) Stratified squamous epithelium d) Transitional epithelium |
Stratified squamous epithelium
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What type of epithelium lines the ureter? a) Simple cuboidal epithelium b) Transitional epithelium c) Simple columnar epithelium d) Stratified squamous epithelium |
Transitional epithelium |
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Which segment of the nephron functions as a countercurrent multiplier? a) Glomerulus b) Loop of Henle c) Collecting duct d) Proximal convoluted tubule |
Loop of Henle |
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Choose the anatomical parts of the male urethra in the direction of urine flow: a) Membranous, spongy, prostatic, intramural b) Intramural, spongy, prostatic, membranous c) Intramural, prostatic, membranous, spongy d) Spongy, intramural, membranous, prostatic |
Intramural, prostatic, membranous, spongy |
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Which type of blood vessels carries blood away from the heart? a) Capillaries b) Arteries c) Veins d) Sinusoid |
Arteries |
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What is the largest blood vessel of the human body? a) Pulmonary artery b) Jugular vein c) Superior mesenteric artery d) Aorta |
Aorta |
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Which of the following is NOT a function of leukocytes? a) Oxygen carriage b) Destruction or neutralization of bacteria c) Destruction or neutralization of parasites d) Guard against infection |
Oxygen carriage |
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Which one of the following statements is TRUE for erythrocytes? a) Are bigger than leukocytes b) Are produced in the bone marrow c) Have no definite shape d) Are capable of fighting infection |
Are produced in the bone marrow |
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Which of the following elements do not contain a nucleus? a) Platelets b) Neutrophils c) Eosinophils d) Monocytes |
Platelets |
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Which of the following is the most numerous formed element found in blood? a) T-lymphocytes b) Platelets c) B-lymphocytes d) Erythrocytes |
Erythrocytes |
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This blood cell fragment is important for blood clotting a) Neutrophils b) Platelets c) Eosinophils d) B lymphocytes |
Platelets
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Which of the following white cells often arrives at the site of infection first? a) Eosinophilsb) Monocytesc) Basophilsd) Neutrophils |
Neutrophils
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The precursor of all lines of blood cells is the: a) Myeloblastb) Proerythroblast c) Hemocytoblastd) Progranulocyte |
Myeloblast |
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The red blood cells survive around: a) 10 daysb) 45 daysc) 70 daysd) 120 days |
120 days |
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Which of the following white blood cell is not phagocytic? a) Monocyteb) Eosinophilc) Neutrophild) Lymphocyte |
Lymphocyte |
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Antibodies are defense substances produced by which of these cells? a) T-lymphocytesb) Erythrocytesc) B-lymphocytesd) Neutrophils |
B-lymphocytes
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Which of the following elements is described as a biconcave disc? a) Monocytesb) Erythrocytesc) Neutrophilsd) Eosinophils |
Erythrocytes |
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Which of the following cells is a granulocyte? a) Monocyteb) Erythrocytec) Plateletd) Neutrophil |
Neutrophil
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Which is the largest leukocyte? a) Monocytesb) B-lymphocytesc) T-lymphocytesd) Erythrocytes |
Monocytes |
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Which leukocyte has orange-pink granules? a) Neutrophilb) Eosinophilc) Monocyted) T-lymphocyte |
Eosinophil |
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What percentage of the total volume of blood do the formed elements comprise? a) 3%b) 27%c) 45%d) 86% |
45% |
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Which of the four basic tissue types does blood belong to? a) Nervous tissueb) Epitheliumc) Muscular tissued) Connective tissue |
Connective tissue
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What is another term for a platelet? a) Neutrophilb) Monocytec) Lymphocyted) Thrombocyte |
Thrombocyte |
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Which of the following is the most abundant in a peripheral smear of blood? a) Basophilsb) T-lymphocytesc) Erythrocytesd) Eosinophils |
Erythrocytes |
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Which is the muscle that conforms the subcutaneous muscle layer of thescrotum? a)Bulbospongiosusb)Ischiocavernosusc)Dartosd)External anal sphincter |
Dartos |
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What is the definition of cryptorchidism a) The lack of a testis. b) An infection of the testis c) When one or both of the testes fail to descend into the scrotum prior to birth d) A common disease from middle age boys |
When one or both of the testes fail to descend into the scrotum prior to birth |
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Where does spermatogenesis take place?
a) The prostate b) The corpus cavernosum c) The spongy urethra d) The seminiferous tubules |
The seminiferous tubules |
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What are male gametes called? a) ovab) spermc) testesd) testosterone |
Sperm |
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The testicles are located outside of the male body because: a) There is no room to fit the testicles inside the body. b) The sperm have a shorter distance to travel during intercourse. c) More sperm can be created. d) Production of sperm best takes place at a temperature lower than bodytemperature. |
Production of sperm best takes place at a temperature lower than body temperature. |
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Through what structure does the urethra travel in the penis? a) Tunica albuginea b) Prepuce c) Corpora spongiosum d) Corpora cavernosa |
Corpora spongiosum |
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What is the main function of Leydig cells? a) Produce testosterone b) Activate the sperm flagellum c) Being part of the blood-testis barrier d) Secrete seminal fluid |
Produce testosterone |
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What is the epithelium of distal urethra? a) Stratified columnar epithelium b) Simple columnar epithelium c) Simple cuboidal epithelium d) Simple squamous epithelium |
Stratified columnar epithelium |
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Which arteries pass through the spermatic cord? a) Internal iliac artery and testicular artery b) Testicular artery, artery of the ductus deferens and cremasteric artery c) Dorsal artery of the penis and cremasteric artery d) External iliac artery and artery of the ductus deferens |
Testicular artery, artery of the ductus deferens and cremasteric artery |
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Which of the following is NOT considered part of the male genital ductsystem? a) Rete testisb) Tubuli rectic) Seminal vesiclesd) Ductus deferens |
Seminal vesicles |
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What type of epithelium lines the epididymis? a) Pseudostratifiedb) Simple columnarc) Stratified squamousd) Simple squamous |
Pseudostratified |
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What is the main problem a prostatic hyperplasia can cause? a) Partial occlusion of the prostatic urethra b) Overproduction of semen c) Impotence d) Infertility |
Partial occlusion of the prostatic urethra |
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What artery irrigates the testicles? a) Testicular artery and the artery of the ductus deferens b) Dorsal artery of the penis c) prostatic artery and bladder arterie d) Iliac artery |
Testicular artery and the artery of the ductus deferens |
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Where does the left testicular vein drain? a) Left iliac veinb) Left renal veinc) Left splenic veind) Right renal vein |
Left renal vein
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Which is the most internal layer of the scrotum? a) Skinb) Darthosc) Peritoneumd) Tunica albuginia |
Tunica albuginia |
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What is the anterior relation of the seminal vessicles? a) Bladderb) Prostatec) Penisd) Ischiocavernosus muscle |
Bladder |
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How can we divide the prostate? a) Anterior and posterior zone b) The peripheral zone, the internal zone and the innermost zone c) Left lobe and right lobe d) It has no subdivision |
The peripheral zone, the internal zone and the innermost zone |
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Which of these spermatogenic cells is the most mature one? a) Primary spermatocytesb) Spermatidsc) Spermatogoniad) Secondary spermatocytes |
Spermatogonia |
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What is the main function of the epididymis? a) Sperm maturationb) Secrets testosteronec) Produce male gametesd) Has no important role in sperm formation |
Sperm maturation |
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What kind of epithelium corresponds to the seminal vesicles? a) Pseudostratified non-ciliated columnarb) Simple columnarc) Stratified squamousd) Simple squamous |
Pseudostratified non-ciliated columnar |
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Choose the CORRECT order of structures the air passes through duringrespiration a) Nasal cavities-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli b) Nasal cavities-larynx-pharynx-trachea-bronchi-alveoli c) Nasal cavities-nasal pharynx-oropharynx-laringopharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli d) Nasal cavities-pharynx-esophagus-trachea |
Nasal cavities-pharynx-larynx-trachea-bronchi-bronchioles-alveoli |
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What type of epithelium covers the trachea? a) Simple cubicb) Stratified squamousc) Ciliated pseudostratified columnard) Simple squamous |
Ciliated pseudostratified columnar |
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Name all the lobes of the right lung. a) Lower and upperb) Lower, middle and upperc) Superior, medial basal, apicald) Posterior, latero basal, middle |
Lower, middle and upper |
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In the respiratory system, which cells produce and secrete surfactant? a) Pneumonocytes type I b) Alveolar macrophages c) Pneumonocytes type II and Clara cells d) Erythrocytes |
Pneumonocytes type II and Clara cells |
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What nerve provides the parasympathetic innervation of the lungs? a) Phrenic nerveb) Recurrent laryngeal nervec) Vagus nerve (X)d) Trochlear nerve (IV) |
Vagus nerve |
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Where is the olfactory mucosa located? a) Roof of the mouthb) Lungsc) Epiglottisd) Upper third of each nasal cavity |
Upper third of each nasal cavity |
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The middle ear is connected through the auditory (Eustachian) tubes to whatpart of the respiratory system? a) Nasopharinxb) Larinxc) Choanaed) Pleurae |
Nasopharinx |
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Apart from conducting air, the larynx is also responsible of: a) Swallowingb) Phonationc) Warming inspired aird) Sense of smell |
Phonation |
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Considering the anatomy of the main bronchi, where would any foreign objectthat may be inhaled be more likely to get stuck? a) Either of them since the main bronchi are completely symmetrical b) The left lung c) The right lung because the right main bronchi it is wider, shorter, anddescends more vertically than its left-sided counterpart d) Nothing can ever get to the lungs since the glottis is always closed |
The right lung because the right main bronchi it is wider, shorter, anddescends more vertically than its left-sided counterpart |
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Regarding surfactant a) It ́s composed of living cells b) It ́s main function is to provide nutrition to the cells c) It ́s main component is fructose d) It prevents the walls of the small airways from sticking together duringexpiration |
It prevents the walls of the small airways from sticking together during expiration |
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About the bronchial tree a) The trachea arises at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage in the neck, asa continuation of the larynx b) The carina is the superior border of the trachea c) All bronchioles are involved in air exchange, and are therefore respiratorybronchioles d) Bronchioles have C shaped cartilage |
The trachea arises at the lower border of the cricoid cartilage in the neck, asa continuation of the larynx |
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In the respiratory apparatus, stratified squamous epithelium can be found in a) The carinab) The medial region of the vocal cordsc) Alveolid) Upper third of the nasal cavities |
The medial region of the vocal cords |
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The epiglottis of the larynx is made of a) Elastic cartilageb) Bonec) Fat tissued) Irregular dense connective tissue |
Elastic cartilage |
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Regarding the location of the trachea, it lies a) To the left of the Inferior Vena Cavab) Anterior to the esophagusc) Inferior to the heartd) In the abdominal cavity |
Anterior to the esophagus |
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The trachea divides into twoa a) Nasal passagesb) Subtracheac) Bronchid) Auditory or eustachian tubes |
Bronchi |
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Name in order the components of the air–blood barrier a) Surfactant, a type I epithelial cell, both basal laminae, and a capillaryendothelial cell b) Type I epithelial cell, capillary basal lamina and surfactant c) Tunica intima, media and externa of the pulmonary artery, cartilage and typeI epethilial cells d) Type II epethilial cells, surfactant, both laminae basal, and endothelial cellof the capillary |
Surfactant, a type I epithelial cell, both basal laminae, and a capillary endothelial cell |
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Regarding the alveolar epithelium a) Type I alveolar cells are squamous cells and line 95% of the surface of thealveoli b) The majority of alveolar cells are type I alveolar cells c) Type I cells are capable of cell division d) Type II cells are fewer in number than type I cells |
Type I alveolar cells are squamous cells and line 95% of the surface of the alveoli |
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The walls of the bronchi: a) Are composed of seven layers b) Have C-shaped cartilage just like the tracheac) Have smaller and smaller cartilage plates the smaller their size d) Are smaller in diameter than 1mm |
Have smaller and smaller cartilage plates the smaller their size |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding the irrigation of the lung a) It has both a pulmonary and bronchial circulation b) Bronchi receive blood that comes from the right heart through thepulmonary artery c) CO2filled blood returns to the heart through 4 pulmonary veins d) All blood comes through the pulmonary artery. |
It has both a pulmonary and bronchial circulation
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Which structure from the larinx is responsible for pitch and sound? a) Ventricular folds (false vocal folds) b) Cricoid cartilage c) Epiglottis d) Vocal folds (vocal cords) |
Vocal folds (vocal cords) |
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The hypothalamus is located: a) in the back of the brain b) superior and anterior to the brain stem and superior to the thalamus. c) superior and anterior to the brain stem and inferior to the thalamus. d) temporal lobe |
superior and anterior to the brain stem and inferior to the thalamus. |
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Regarding the adrenal glands, they are located: a) Lateral to the kidneysb) Superior to the kidneysc) Inferior to the kidneysd) Anterior to the kidneys |
Superior to the kidneys |
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Which hormones are secreted by the posterior pitutary gland? a) ADH and oxytocinb) FSH and LHc) ADH, oxytocin and prolactind) Prolactin and FSH |
ADH and oxytocin |
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Indicate ALL of the hormones the adrenal cortex produces: a) Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids and androgens b) Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids c) Androgens and glucocorticoids d) Mineralocorticoids and androgens |
Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids and androgens |
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Indicate ALL of the hormones the thyroid gland produces: a) T3 and T4b) TSHc) TSH and T3d) T3 |
T3 and T4 |
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What is the name of the anatomical structure connecting the two lobes of thethyroid gland? a) Ileumb) Ischiumc) Isthmusd) Inguinal |
Isthmus |
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Which is the hormone that controls thyroid gland release of hormones? a) TSHb) FSHc) ADHd) GH |
TSH |
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Regarding the parathyroid glands, they are ____________ to the thyroidgland a) Posteriorb) Anteriorc) Laterald) Inferior |
Posterior |
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Which of the following structures is anterior to the left adrenal gland? a) Left crusb) Stomachc) c)Inferior vena cavad) d)Pancreas |
Pancreas |
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Which are ALL the functions of the pancreas? a) Digestive and hormonalb) Digestivec) Hormonald) Neuronal |
Digestive and hormonal |
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Which of this organs is superior and anterior to the pancreas? a) Kidneysb) Stomachc) Spleend) Ileon |
Stomach |
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In which regions of the abdomen is the pancreas situated? a) Epigastric and right hypochondrionb) Left hypochondrionc) Umbilical and left flankd) Public and left groin |
Epigastric and right hypochondrion |
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Which are ALL the hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary gland? a) GH, prolactin, FSH, TSH, LH, ACTH, FSH b) GRH, prolactin, FSH, TRSH, LH, ACTH, FSH c) ADH, oxytocin, FSH, TSH, LH, prolactin d) TSH, LH, ACTH, FSH, GRH, GH, FSH |
GH, prolactin, FSH, TSH, LH, ACTH, FSH |
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Regarding the anterior pituitary... it has ________ epithelium: a) Simple cubicb) Glandularc) Simple columnard) Pseudstratified columnar |
Glandular |
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Which hormone does the follicular cells of the thyroid gland produce? a) T3b) Calcitoninc) T3 and T4d) PTH |
T3 and T4 |
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Which region of the adrenal glands produce catecholamines? a) Zona reticularisb) Zona fasciculatac) Medullad) Zona glomerulosa |
Medulla |
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From what part of the adrenal glands is cortisol produced? a) Zona reticularisb) Zona fasciculatac) Medullad) Zona glomerulosa |
Zona glomerulosa |
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Which type of gland secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream ratherthan into duct leading to the exterior of the body? a) Endocrineb) Exocrinec) Serousd) Target |
Endocrine |
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What gland is nicknamed the "master gland" a) Pituitaryb) Thyroidc) Adrenald) Pancreas |
Pituitary |
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What cell type secrets GH? a) Lactotropicb) Thyrotropicc) Somatotropicd) Corticotropic |
Somatotropic |
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Choose the CORRECT answer regarding ovaries. a) Are not covered by peritoneum.b) Are covered by mesocarium (mesenterium).c) Are retroperitoneal organs.d) Neither is correct. |
Are covered by mesocarium (mesenterium). |
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The opening of the cervical canal into the vagina is called the _____________. a) Cervix.b) Cervical canal.c) Isthmus of the uterus.d) Uterine osteum. |
Uterine osteum.
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Concerning the uterine tubes. Choose the statement that is TRUE. a) The outer serous layer of the uterine tubes is part of the parietal peritoneum. b) The Infundibulum is not actually attached to the ovary. c) The fimbriae do not move they are completely stationary. d) The fimbriae have no apparent function |
The outer serous layer of the uterine tubes is part of the parietal peritoneum. |
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What structure of the female reproductive system is indicated by Number 6? a) Isthmuab) Ampullac) Fimbriaed) Ovaries |
Fimbriae?? |
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Which ONE of the following si also called the birth canal and is a muscularpassageway from the cervix to the outside of the female body? a) Ovariesb) Cervixc) Vaginad) Uterus |
Vagina |
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Choose the CORRECT answer: the external part of the female reproductive systemwhere the opening to the vagina is located is called... a) Cervixb) External vaginac) Vulvad) Clitoris |
Vulva |
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Implantation of the oocyte usuarlly occurs at the: a) Fallopian tubesb) Uterusc) Ovariesd) Vagina |
Uterus |
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According to follicle development, which option is CORRECT? a) Graafian follicle looses the antral cavity before ovulation. b) Corpus albicans is formed before the corpus lutheum. c) Corpus lutheum is just a remnant of the follicle with no further functions. d) In the secondary follicle we can find the stratum granolusum. |
In the secondary follicle we can find the stratum granolusum. |
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Which ONE of the following female reproductive organs secretes fluid for vaginallubrication during coitus? a) Uterine tubeb) Labia majorac) Vestibular glandd) Pudendal cleft |
Vestubular gland |
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When do the oogonia begin meiosis in the female? a) At pubertyb) Monthly during menstruationc) At age 20d) Toward the end of gestation of the female fetus |
At puberty |
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What portion of the uterus is shed during menstruation? a) Perimetriumb) Stratum functionale of the endometriumc) Stratum basale of the endometriumd) Myometrium |
Stratum functionale of the endometrium |
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During the _________________ phase of menstruation, the lining of the uterusrebuilds. a) Menstrualb) Proliferativec) Secretoryd) The lining of the uterus rebuilds continually |
Proliferative |
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Ovulation is triggered by _______________. a) follicle-stimulating hormone b) a mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone c) hormones from the follicular cells d) hormones from the theca interna |
a mid-cycle surge of luteinizing hormone |
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Which of the following ligaments anchors the ovary to the pelvic wall? a) Roundb) Ovarianc) Broad ligamentd) Suspensory ligament |
Round |
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Successful fertilization of the egg normally occurs at the __________ . a) uterusb) vaginac) fallopian tubesd) ovaries |
Fallopian tubes |
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After an egg is fertilized, it will implant in the __________ for further development. a) myometriumb) perimetriumc) endometriumd) basal layer |
Endometrium |
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Which of the following hormones is involved in the development of the mammaryglands and ducts, thus preparing the body for pregnancy? a) Prolactinb) Oxytocinc) Progesteroned) Estrogens |
Progesterone |
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After an egg is ovulated, the remaining follicular mass is called a __________. a) Thecal follicleb) Corpus lutheumc) Polar bodyd) Corpus albicans |
Corpus lutheum |
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Whenever an egg is ovulated, the body will prepare the endometrial lining forimplantation just in case the egg is fertilized. In order to prepare for potentialpregnancy, the __________ releases __________. a) Corpus luteum; progesterone b) Corpus callosum; estrogen c) Ovary; luteinizing hormone d) Uterus; FSH |
Corpus luteum; progesterone |
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Which of the following ligaments assists in anchoring the uterus in position? a) Roundb) Ovarianc) Suspensoryd) Broad |
Ovarian |
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How is the duodenum divided from proximal to distal? a) Superior part, descending part, horizontal part, ascending part. b) Ascending part, superior part, horizontal part, descending part. c) Superior part, ascending part, horizontal part, descending part. d) Descending part, horizontal part, ascending part, superior part. |
Superior part, descending part, horizontal part, ascending part. |
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The serous membrane that passes from the lesser curvature of the stomachand the upper duodenum to the inferior surface of the liver is the: a) Visceral peritoneum.b) Mesentery.c) Greater omentum.d) Lesser omentum. |
Lesser omentum. |
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Within the stomach lining, which cells secrete hydrochloric acid? a) Parietal.b) Goblet.c) Principal.d) Argentaffin. |
Parietal |
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Which of these is NOT a structural modification unique to the small intestine? a) Plicae circulars.b) Villic) Microvillid) Haustra |
HAUSTRA |
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Which tunic of the gastrointestinal tract typically contains an inner circularlayer and an outer longitudinal layer, with the myenteric nerve plexus in between? a) Muscularisb) Mucosac) Submucosad) Adventitia |
Muscularis |
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The esophagus enters the abdominal cavity through an opening in the diaphragmbefore it connects to the stomach. What is that opening called? a) Diaphragmatic foramenb) Thoracic canalc) Cardiac orificed) Esophageal hiatus |
Esophageal hiatus |
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Which is the RIGHT order from proximal to distal, regarding the parts of thestomach? a) Pylorus, fundus, cardia, body b) Cardia, body, fundus, pylorus c) Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus d) Body, cardia, pylorus, fundus |
Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus |
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Histological features of the esophageal wall include: a) A mucosa lined with stratified cuboidal epithelium b) Submucosal glands that produce a thin, watery fluid c) A single layer of skeletal muscle in the muscularis d) An outer fibrous layer, the adventitia, with no serosa |
An outer fibrous layer, the adventitia, with no serosa |
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Choose the CORRECT answer: The layer of areolar connective tissue within themucous membrane of the GI tract is called... a) Mucosal lining b) Lamina propria c) Muscularis mucosae d) Submucosa |
Lamina propria |
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Which gastrointestinal layer is characterized by having tough, fibrous connectivetissue? a) Mucosab) Submucosac) Muscled) Serosa |
Serosa |
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Which structure prevents food from entering the small intestine? a) Cardiac sphincterb) Pyloric valvec) ileo-colic valved) Sphincter of Oddi |
Pyloric valve |
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The function of the ileocecal valve is prevents chime from entering: a) The large intestineb) The small intestinec) The stomachd) The duodenum |
The large intestine |
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What is the function of the villi in the small intestine? a) To decrease the amount of exposed surfaceb) To facilitate enzyme retention and dispersal c) To increase the surface area for absorption and secretion d) To sweep particles across the surface with wavelike actions |
To increase the surface area for absorption and secretion |
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The prominent folds of the mucosa that nearly disappear when the stomachexpands are the: a) Gastric pitsb) Rugaec) Plicaed) Omenta |
Rugae |
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Which muscles constrict to prevent air from entering the esophagus duringbreathing? a) Superior constrictorb) Middle constrictorc) Inferior constrictord) Esophageal |
Inferior constrictor |
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Which are the structures that project into the villi and absorb fatty substances? a) Lactealsb) Lymphaticsc) Veinsd) Arteries |
Lacteals |
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The following belong together EXCEPT which one? a) Small intestineb) Large intestinec) Plicae circularesd) Crypts of Lieberkuhn |
Large intestine |
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Which are the three constrictions of the esophagus? a) Cervical constriction, thoracic constriction, diaphragmatic constriction b) Laryngeal constriction, pharyngeal constriction, tracheal constriction c) Cervical constriction, aortic constriction, diaphragmatic constriction d) Vertebrae constriction, abdominal constriction, liver constriction |
Cervical constriction, thoracic constriction, diaphragmatic constriction |
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Simple, tubular glands within the mucosa of the small or large intestine arecalled intestinal: a) Rugaeb) PlicaeVillic)d) Crypts |
Crypts |
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Tubular invaginations (crypts, pits or glands) occurring within the mucosa(embedded in lamina propria), are NOT characteristic of the: a) Esophagusb) Stomachc) Duodenumd) Ileon and jejunum |
Esophagus |
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About the large intestine histology composition, choosethe CORRECT answer: a) Epithelium with columnar absorptive cells, endocrinecells and Paneth cells b) Pseudostratified ciliated Epithelium, endocrine cells, andPaneth cells. c) Epithelium with columnar absorptive cells, endocrinecells without Paneth cells. d) Squamous Epithelium, endocrine cells and Paneth cells. |
Epithelium with columnar absorptive cells, endocrinecells without Paneth cells. |
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How often are the surface epithelial cells of the largeintestine sloughed into the lumen?: + a) Every 2 days.b) Every 4 days.c) Every 6 days.d) Every 10 days. |
6 days |
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The lamina propria and submucosa of the large intestineare similar to: a) Esophagus.b) Small intestine.c) Stomach.d) Trachea. |
Small intestine. |
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About the abdominal cavity: a) Its upper boundary is the diaphragm. b) The role of the peritoneum is to supply blood to it ́sorgans. c) Its upper boundary is the heart. d) There are NO mesenteries for the large colon. |
Its upper boundary is the diaphragm. |
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What is the CORRECT anatomical order of the colonsections: a) Transverse, descending, ascending, and sigmoid. b) Descending, ascending, transverse and sigmoid. c) Sigmoid, ascending, transverse and descending. d) Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid. |
Ascending, transverse, descending and sigmoid |
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At the posterior boundary of the transverse colon is the: a) Stomach.b) Duodenum and the head of the pancreas.c) Left kidney.d) Spine |
Duodenum and the head of the pancreas. |
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The blood supply of the large intestine and rectumcomes from the: a) Celiac trunk and the superior and inferior mesentericarteries b) The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries. c) Large intestine trunk and the superior and inferiormesenteric arteries. d) The rectal arteries and inferior mesenteric arteries. |
The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries |
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About the large intestine functions: a) Is fundamentally for absorbing nutrients. b) Only carries the waste product of the organism. c) It absorbs water and electrolytes and eliminateswaste. d) Continues the digestion of the food. |
It absorbs water and electrolytes and eliminateswaste. |
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About the rectum, it... a) Has no relevant functions. b) Has two sphincters to control defecation. c) Is located inside the peritoneal cavity. d) Is related on the posterior boundary to the bladder. |
Has two sphincters to control defecation. |
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The main function of the columnar absorptive cells is: a) Reabsorption of water and electrolytes b) To facilitate the elimination of semisolid waste materials. c) Endocrine by hormones. d) A physical barrier for protection of the waste materials. |
Reabsorption of water and electrolytes |
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Which is the role of the rectal ampulla? a) To concentrate the fecal material. b) To act as a physical barrier c) To act as a sphincter. d) To act as a temporary storehouse for feces |
To act as a temporary storehouse for feces |
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Regarding to anal sphincters: a) The internal anal sphincter is a voluntary sphincter. b) The voluntary sphincter is supplied by parasympathetic. c) The external anal sphincter is a voluntary sphincter. d) The involuntary sphincter is supplied by S4. |
The external anal sphincter is a voluntary |
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The transverse Colon has a dual supply, from which twovessels? a) ileocolic and right colic arteries b) Left colic and inferior mesenteric arteries c) Superior rectal and left colic arteries. d) Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric arteries. |
Superior mesenteric and inferior mesenteric |
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The ileocolic artery is responsible for supplying whichregion of the colon? a) The descending colon. b) The inferior aspect of the ascending colon and the cecum. c) Superior aspect of the ascending colon. d) The transverse colon |
The inferior aspect of the ascending colon |
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The left colic flexure is next to which organ? a) The liverb) The right kidney.c) The spleen.d) The gall bladder |
The spleen. |
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The middle colic artery is a branch of which vessel? a) Superior mesenteric artery.b) Gonadal artery.c) Coeliac trunk.d) Inferior mesenteric artery. |
Superior mesenteric artery. |
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The artery which provides collateral supply to the colonis known as the... a) Collateral artery of the colon. b) Anastomotic artery of the colon. c) Joint artery of the colon. d) Marginal artery of the colon. |
Marginal artery of the colon. |
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At which vertebral level does the rectum begin? a) S2.b) S3.c) S4.d) S5. |
S3. |
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Which flexure of the rectum contributes mostsignificantly to fecal continence? a) Anorectal flexure.b) b) Sacral flexure.c) Lateral flexure.d) Transverse flexure. |
Anorectal flexure. |
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The blood supply to the anal canal above the pectinateline is by: a) Inferior rectal artery. b) Middle rectal artery only. c) Superior rectal artery with anastomosing branches fromthe middle rectal artery. d) Superior and inferior rectal arteries |
Superior rectal artery with anastomosing branches fromthe middle rectal artery. |
