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27 Cards in this Set

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Critical Thinking is...

clear, disciplined, open-minded, and informed by evidence.

To demonstratecritical thinking, be prepared to “provide an illuminating example”

Step1: define the concept


Step2: provide an example


Step3: connect the example with the definition

An illuminating example of an informationsystem (IS):

“An IS is a group of components that interact to produce information (step 1; define the terms). One exampleis Blackboard, the course management system used by WSU. Blackboard involvescomputers (both personal and servers), software (databases and web browsers),and stored data including login, id numbers and course grades (step 2; note the use of specifics in theexample). These components organize and manage data in a meaningful form tosupport the educational process (step 3;connecting example to the definition).”

Data

Raw Facts and figures, "Knows nothing"

4 Definitions of Information


(list, recognize, & give illuminating examples)

i. Knowledgederived from data


ii. Datapresented in a meaningful context iii. Dataprocessed by summing, ordering, averaging,grouping, comparing or similar operation


iv. Adifference that makes a difference

Desirable Information Characteristics

i. Accurate– based on correct and complete data and processed correctly asexpected. ii. Timely– produced in time for its intended use. iii. Relevant– on the subject and appropriate for the context.


iv. JustBarely Sufficient – supports its purpose without any extra. Carefulhere – how much is needed to be confident?


v. Worthits cost.

Moore's Law

“The number of transistors per square inch on anintegrated chip doubles every 18 months”.

Four implications of Moore’s law:

i. Computingdevices get smaller


ii. Theybecome cheaper


iii. Theyrun faster


iv. Theyhave a longer battery life

There are many examples of IS following the exponential scaling trend. For example:

+Processing speed


+Pixels in digital cameras


-Hardware miniaturization


-Cost of computing


-Data storage costs

Interfaces

i. (Wheredo components meet each other or the outside world) –connections for systemcomponents

Boundaries

(These determine the scope of the system) –an artificial line which limits the focus (orscope) of a system

Subsystem(further dividing a system into ever smaller systems, also referred to as‘decomposing’)

i. Weanalyze systems by “decomposing” components into sets of smaller components

A highlycohesive component or system

performs a single task (low cohesionimplies doing many things)

Asystem is more modular when.... it canbe neatly divided into subsystems

canbe neatly divided into subsystems

Youcan see the workings of a ____________ system so you can assess its reliability,accuracy, etc. by looking at how it operates

White Box

youcan only assess a _______ system by its inputs and outputs

Black Box

Completelyclosed systems

have no interaction with the outside world

Open Systems are built to....

Interact

Desirable characteristics of system terms:

Reliable


Efficient


Extensible


Verifiable


Secure

Reliable systems

perform correctly (e.g., accurate outputs and no failures) over time given expected operating conditions

Efficient Systems

use fewer resources to accomplish a task

Extensible Systems

can be more easily modified by adding features

Verifiable Systems

support auditing and tracking that confirmstransaction accuracy as well as the accuracy of summary reports

Secure Systems

systems that avoid data loss, inappropriate


access, andattack-related down time

In general ------ modular, ----- cohesive, and ----- systems are easier to ----- (are extensible) to meet new opportunities.




(Don’t just memorize, be able to connect these terms in a meaningful way to discuss IS)·





In general highly modular, highly cohesive, and opensystems are easier to adapt (are extensible) to meet new opportunities

Whichcharacteristics would be desirable for an easily verifiable system?

tba

Whichcharacteristics would be desirable for an secure system?

tba