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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Critical Thinking is... |
clear, disciplined, open-minded, and informed by evidence. |
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To demonstratecritical thinking, be prepared to “provide an illuminating example” |
Step1: define the concept Step2: provide an example Step3: connect the example with the definition |
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An illuminating example of an informationsystem (IS): |
“An IS is a group of components that interact to produce information (step 1; define the terms). One exampleis Blackboard, the course management system used by WSU. Blackboard involvescomputers (both personal and servers), software (databases and web browsers),and stored data including login, id numbers and course grades (step 2; note the use of specifics in theexample). These components organize and manage data in a meaningful form tosupport the educational process (step 3;connecting example to the definition).” |
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Data |
Raw Facts and figures, "Knows nothing" |
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4 Definitions of Information (list, recognize, & give illuminating examples) |
i. Knowledgederived from data ii. Datapresented in a meaningful context iii. Dataprocessed by summing, ordering, averaging,grouping, comparing or similar operation iv. Adifference that makes a difference |
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Desirable Information Characteristics |
i. Accurate– based on correct and complete data and processed correctly asexpected. ii. Timely– produced in time for its intended use. iii. Relevant– on the subject and appropriate for the context. iv. JustBarely Sufficient – supports its purpose without any extra. Carefulhere – how much is needed to be confident? v. Worthits cost. |
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Moore's Law |
“The number of transistors per square inch on anintegrated chip doubles every 18 months”. |
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Four implications of Moore’s law: |
i. Computingdevices get smaller ii. Theybecome cheaper iii. Theyrun faster iv. Theyhave a longer battery life |
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There are many examples of IS following the exponential scaling trend. For example: |
+Processing speed +Pixels in digital cameras -Hardware miniaturization -Cost of computing -Data storage costs |
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Interfaces |
i. (Wheredo components meet each other or the outside world) –connections for systemcomponents |
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Boundaries |
(These determine the scope of the system) –an artificial line which limits the focus (orscope) of a system |
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Subsystem(further dividing a system into ever smaller systems, also referred to as‘decomposing’) |
i. Weanalyze systems by “decomposing” components into sets of smaller components |
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A highlycohesive component or system |
performs a single task (low cohesionimplies doing many things) |
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Asystem is more modular when.... it canbe neatly divided into subsystems |
canbe neatly divided into subsystems |
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Youcan see the workings of a ____________ system so you can assess its reliability,accuracy, etc. by looking at how it operates |
White Box |
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youcan only assess a _______ system by its inputs and outputs |
Black Box |
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Completelyclosed systems |
have no interaction with the outside world |
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Open Systems are built to.... |
Interact |
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Desirable characteristics of system terms: |
Reliable Efficient Extensible Verifiable Secure |
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Reliable systems |
perform correctly (e.g., accurate outputs and no failures) over time given expected operating conditions |
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Efficient Systems |
use fewer resources to accomplish a task |
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Extensible Systems |
can be more easily modified by adding features |
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Verifiable Systems |
support auditing and tracking that confirmstransaction accuracy as well as the accuracy of summary reports |
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Secure Systems |
systems that avoid data loss, inappropriate access, andattack-related down time |
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In general ------ modular, ----- cohesive, and ----- systems are easier to ----- (are extensible) to meet new opportunities. (Don’t just memorize, be able to connect these terms in a meaningful way to discuss IS)· |
In general highly modular, highly cohesive, and opensystems are easier to adapt (are extensible) to meet new opportunities |
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Whichcharacteristics would be desirable for an easily verifiable system? |
tba |
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Whichcharacteristics would be desirable for an secure system? |
tba |