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60 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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internet
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infrastructure on which info. is delivered to the world
system of interconnected computer networks that transmit data by packet switching using the standard Internet Protocol world wide web does not = the internet |
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network tech.
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terminals - input/output
transmission/media channels - transport processors - modems, switches, routers, computer hosts, servers control procdedures/ protocols - processing software |
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packet switching
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packet = bite sized chunk of data with address and ID info. included
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dist. ownership
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characteristic of the internet
different parts owned by different people |
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multiplicity of devices
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millions of smaller digital networks linking wide range of intellegent devices/nodes
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open standards
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agreed set of coventions on communication among internet nodes
available and free to all characterisic of the internet |
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evolution of internet
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1995 - netscape IPO - hyperlinked pages
2005 (4000 days) - 600 million web sites (1/100 people), 1 billion people (1/6 of pop. connected); global flea mkt. - ebay, uploading = downloading |
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physical networks
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nodes of networks connected by physical links
ex: phone or RR networks |
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virtual networks
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connections are intangible -- people
ex: iTunes, Ebay usually sponsored by org. that enables it, controlls access, and measures evolution shared info. and expertise function of size |
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network economics
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value in scarcity: value of a traditional good is increased by how scarce it is
value in plentitude: value is a function of number of connected nodes |
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postive feedback
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self-reinforcing -- strong gets stronger, weak gets weaker
ecnomies of scale |
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negative feedback
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dampening trend: weak gets stronger, stronger gets weaker
normal supply and demand eq. limits growth of dominant firm: coordination costs and increasing overhead stop firm from going beyond a certain size |
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network externality
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pos. F/B associated with networks
new nodes create value for other members larger networks are more valuable leads to winner take all for dom. firm |
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advice for non-dominant firms
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become compatible with dom. player
find niche that is different enough from broader market but big enough to sustain firm |
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tippy mkt.
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subject to strong pos. f/b
tips in favor of firm that reaches critical mass winner-take-all factors: presence and strength of economies of scale (+) - supply and demand side of economies of scale: (n/w economics) customer demand for variety(-): - demand for variety enables distinct mkt. niches |
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tipping point
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movement in mkt. evolution where one firm reaches critical mass -- that firm becomes dominant
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two-sided networks
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networks that include two parties (ex: buyers and sellers)
value to one type of agent depends on number of the other type of agent in the network |
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implications of network economics
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assoc. w/ tech. stds, virtual n/ws; communities
innovation is important to establish first mover advantage controlling a dom. n/w requires comp. advantage |
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data
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codified raw facts -- coded as letters of numbers, increasingly stored digitally
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information
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data in context -- audience dependent
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classic info. goods
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products purchased for sole purpose of getting codified information; can be digitized
ex: DVD, iPod |
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info. good economics
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- high sunk (prod.) costs -- big risk
- low replication costs - info. is not the carrier - low dist. costs - no capacity limits - not consumed by use - experience required to access value and quality |
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info. good characteristics
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customizable
re-usable often time-valued big gross profit margins |
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info.-intensive goods
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most prods./services are info.-intensive
info plays critical role in: - creating product/service - bringing to market info. may be: - at periphery of prod./service - embedded in the product itself as knowledge |
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info. in networks
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physical carriers of info. goods can often stop them from behaving as such
dist. through n/ws (eliminating carrier) restores info. good attributes |
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richness/reach trade-off
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richness: amt. of info. that can be transmitted, degree to which it can be tailored to meet indiv. needs, level of interactivity with the message
reach: number of possible recipients of the message as richness increases, reach decreases internet and assoc. activities have mitigated trade-offs high levels of both available -- but trade-off has NOT been eliminated |
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other info. on richness and reach
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trad. business method questioned: current model focuses on need to bundle info. with carrier
importance of product model: - unbundle traditional products - bundle new products decreasing value of asymmetric info.: value of propostion based on inability of people to obtain info. at low costs |
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richness and reach obstacles
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old tech. disappears only when new products fully replaces the old one (ex: why we use fax machine)
- learning obstables, switching costs, inertia dismissal of old routine info. proliferation implies: scarcity of attention, slower adoption rates |
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sustaining technology
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maintains the current performance improvement rate of the products and services that use them
facilitates replacement of previous generation: same set of attributes, improvered performance |
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disruptive technology
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different sets of attributes than current tech.
performance improvement rate is higher than the mkt. demands must meet mkt. needs on critical performance in time novel attributes may become pos. differentiation only most agressive customers will adopt -- est. firms afraid to invest in this most disruptive innovations come from outside established industries |
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e-commerce
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online exchange of value
process of dist. buying, selling, marketing, and servicing products and services over computer networks such as the network |
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e-business
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use internet tech. and other advanced IT to enable and support business processes and operations
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enablers of e-commerce
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affordable equipment
access to the internet ease of use open standards |
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categorizing e-commerce initiatives by transaction type
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business to customer (B2C)
business to business (B2B) cunsumer to consumer (C2C) consumer to business (B2C) e-govt. |
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categorizing e-commerce initiatives by company structure
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pure play
bricks and mortar bricks and clicks |
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business to consumer transactions (B2C)
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for-profit org. on one side and end-consumer on the other
most visible e-commerce ex: amazon.com, target.com |
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business to business transactions (B2B)
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2+ business entities take place in transaction
range from 1X transaction to unique tailored relationships between firms ex: premier pages of Dell.com |
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consumer to consumer transactions (C2C)
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enable individual consumers to transact directly
ex: ebay, youtube, myspace |
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consumer to business transactions (C2B)
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people transact with businesses as suppliers
ex: eLance.com |
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e-govt.
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transactions involving legislative and administrative institutions
transactions can occur with people, businesses, or other govts. ex: electronic income tax filing, electronic voting |
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bricks and mortar
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org. w/ physical ops. that don't provide services specifically through the internet
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bricks and clicks
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orgs. w/ hybrid operations
aka click and mortar 2 approaches: - ind. ventures to take advantage of opportunities, capital, and available online ventures - running the online channel as bricks and mortar ops. in a highly integrated fashion |
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pure play
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firms with no physical stores
provide services solely through internet ex: amazon.com, google.com |
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business models
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captures firms concept and value proposition
conveys: mkt. opps., products/services offered, what strategy firm follows to seek dominant position identifies org. capabilities firm leverages to turn concept into reality network economy creates opportunity for new business models |
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revenue model
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how firm makes $:
pay for service: firm offers product/service for sale subscription: paying for the right to access content ad. support: firm provides content free for large audience; sells access to its audience to interested buyers affiliate: firm collects revemue from a third party based on traffic it sends to partner website |
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dominant business models
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online retailing
infomediaries content providers online communities exchanges infrastructure prodivers |
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online retailing
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takes control of inventory and then resells it for profit
fulfillment is critical capability revenue model: pay-for-service ex: pure play: buy.com bricks and clicks: staples.com |
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infomediaries
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use of internet to provide spec. info. on behalf of product of service providers; do not sell goods and services or own inventory
ex: edmunds.com |
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content providers
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develop and publish content
sources of contents: - owned: generated on behalf of org. staff - not owned: user generated from other sites revenue model: ad supported: ad supported, subscription, pay per download ex: britannica.com |
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online communities
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group brought together for a common interest or goal
virtual community -- alleviates physical constraint |
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exchanges
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create market-place for buyers and sellers to come together and transact
provides mkt. making compensated with fees, commission on sales, or consulting fees. ex: ebay.com, ubid.com |
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infrastructure providers
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companies that can create value by developing and managing the infrastructure of e-commerce
revenue model: pay for service ex: AOL, paypal |
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e-commerce implications
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disintermediation: shortening supply chain by est. direct relationship with customers
re-intermediation: creating opportunities for new intermediaries to exist alongside brick and mortar counterparts mkt. efficieny: reducing search costs increases difficulty in profiting from strategies rooted in asymmetry of info. or other high cost searches channel conflict: delimma of firms facing the choice between disintermediation and reintermediation customer and employee self-service |
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mobile commerce
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complete commercial transactions using cell phones
reach consumers in real time at the point of service based on location |
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web 1.0
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static websites
hard to create one way platform, besides commerce built to allow scientists to share and collaborate at a distance |
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web 2.0
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web tech. and design used to enhance creativity, info. sharing, and collaboration among users
archeticture of participation harnessing collective intellegence changes: accessing info. -- search is research accessing media -- accessing radio on something other than the radio controlling media -- DVR creating media -- youtube |
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social software
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profile creation
ad hoc group formation connection and collaboration |
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podcasting
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ipod + broadcast: digital media files distributed over the internet
more than just audio on the web subsribed to by users -- RSS delivers feed automatically |
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blogs
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started as place for personal reflection
posts are individual entries can be commented on by any visitor to site powerful personal content management spaces instant publishing educational possibilities: eportfolios, course conversation, class notes mgt., team work spaces, etc. |
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collective authoring - "wiki"
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collective content collaboration
open and editable by community wikipedia: community created resource with little governance used to enhance everything from project mgt., team writing assignments, intranet spaces |
