Information Science Chapter 1

Front 1

computer literacy

Back 1

involves having a current knowledge and understanding of computer's and their uses

Front 2

computer

Back 2

an electronic device, operating under the control of instructions stored in its own memory, that can accept data, process the data according to specified rules, produce results, and store the results for future use

Front 3

data

Back 3

a collection of unprocessed items, which can include text, numbers, images, audio, and video

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information

Back 4

conveys meaning and is useful to people; processed data

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information processing cycle

Back 5

the series of input, process, output, and storage activities

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hardware

Back 6

electric, electronic, and mechanical components

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input device

Back 7

any hardware component that allows you to enter data and instructions into a computer

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output device

Back 8

any hardware component that conveys information to one or more people

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CPU

Back 9

central processing unit; electronic component that interprets and carries out the basic instructions that operate the computer

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memory

Back 10

consists of electronic components that store instructions waiting to be executed and data needed by those instructions

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storage/storage device

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records and/or retreives items to and from media storage

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communications device

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a hardware component that enables a computer to send and receive data instructions, and information to and from one or more computers ore mobile devices

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network

Back 13

a collection of computers and devices connected together, often wirelessly, via communications devices and transmission media

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resources

Back 14

hardware, software, data, and information

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internet

Back 15

worldwide collection of networks that connects millions of businesses, government agencies, educatioinal institutions, and individuals

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web or WWW

Back 16

short for world wide web; one of the most popular services on the Internet

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web page

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can contain text, graphics, animation, audio, and video

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web 2.0

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refers to web sites that provide a means for users to share personal information, allow user to modify the web site contents, and/or have software built into the site for users to access

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GUI

Back 19

graphical user interface; allows you to interact with the software using text, graphics, and visual images such as icons

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icon

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a miniature image that represents a program, an instruction, or some other object

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system software

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consists of the programs that contol or maintain the operations of the fomputer and its devices

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application software

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one category of software; consists of programs designed to make users more producting and/or assist them with personal tasks

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operating system

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a set of programs that coordinates all the activities among computer hardware devices

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utility/utility program

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allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks usually realted to managing a computer, its evices, or its programs

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installing

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the process of setting up software to work with the computer, printer, and other hardware

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loading

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transfer a program or data into memory

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porgrammer

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sometimes called developer; someone who develops software or writes the instructions that direct the computer to process data into infoormation

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convergence

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trend of computer and devices with technologies that overlap

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personal computer

Back 29

a computer that can perform all of its input, processing, output, and storage activities by itself

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desktop computer

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designed so that the system unit, input devices, output devices, and any other devices fit entirely on or under a desk or table

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mobile computer

Back 31

a personal computer you can carry from place to place

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notebook/laptop computer

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a portable, personal computer often designed to fit on your lap; thin and lightweight, but still powerful

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tablet PC

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resembles a letter-seze slate; a special type of notebook computer that allows you to write or draw on the screen using a digital pen

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embedded computer

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a special-purpose computer that functions as a component in a larger product

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server

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contols access to the hardware, software, and other resources on a network and provides a centralized storage area for programs, data, and information

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mainframe

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a large, expensive, powerful computer that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

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supercomputer

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the fastest, most powerful computer- and the most expensive

Front 38

operating system

Back 38

set of programs that coordinates all of the activities among computer hardware devices

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tower

Back 39

the enclosure that holds many components of a personal or office desktop computer

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handheld

Back 40

something that can be held and operated in your hand