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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Information System |
a group of computer-based information systems |
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System |
a group of components that interact to achieve the same purpose |
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5 Fundamental Components of Computer-based Information Systems |
1. Computer Hardware 2. Software 3. Data 4. Procedures 5. People |
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Management Information Systems |
Comprise the development and use of information systems that help organizations achieve their goals and objectives |
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Key Elements of Management Information Systems |
1. Development & Use 2. Information Systems 3. Goals & Objectives |
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Information System |
a system of hardware, software, data procedures & people that produces information |
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Information Technology |
represents raw technology components of Information Systems |
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Business Process |
a series of activities, tasks or steps designed to produce a product or service |
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Components of a Business Process |
Activities Resources Facilities Information |
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Business Process Management |
a field of management that promotes the development of effective and efficient processes through continuous improvement and innovation |
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Three Levels of Decisions |
Operational (day-to-day activities) Managerial (allocation & utilization of resources) Strategic (broader-scope organizational issues) |
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Structured Decisions |
there is an understood and accepted method for making the decision |
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Unstructured Decision |
process is one for which there is no agreed-on decision-making method |
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Decision Making Steps |
1. Intelligence Gathering 2. Alternatives Formulation 3. Choice 4. Implementation 5. Review |
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Transaction Processing System |
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to record completed business transactions |
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Enterprise Resource Planning |
Set of Integrated problems that: - manage the vital business operations - support key processes span global organization |
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Management Information System |
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices that provide information to managers and decision makers |
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How can IT create business value |
Productivity Structure of Competition Benefits to the end Customer |
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Business Technology Management |
new program designed by the Canadian Coalition for Tomorrows ICT skills |
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Value Chain |
a network of value-creating activities |
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Primary Activities |
Add value directly to the product |
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Primary Activities Include |
Inbound Logistics Operations Outbound Logistics Marketing & Sales |
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Support Activities Include |
Firm Infrastructure
HR Technological Procurement |
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Porters Five Forces Model of Industry Structure |
1. Bargaining power of customers 2. Threat of substitutions 3. Bargaining power of suppliers 4. Threat of new entrants 5. Rivalry among existing firms |
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Porters Identified 4 Competitive Strategies |
1. Cost leadership across industry 2. Cost leadership focused on particular industry segment 3. Differentiation across industry 4. Differentiation focused on particular industry segment |
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Sustaining Technologies |
are changed in technology that maintain the rate of improvement in customer value |
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Stages of Diffusion of Innovation |
1. Knowledge 2. Persuasion 3. Decision 4. Implementation 5. Confirmation |
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Diffusion of Innovation |
the process by which innovation is communicated through certain channels over time among the members of a social system |
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Principles of Competitive Advantage |
1. Create new product or service 2. Enhance products or services 3. Differentiate products or services 4. Lock in customers and buyers 5. Lock in suppliers 6. Raise barriers 7. Establish alliances 8. Reduce costs |
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Organizations gain competitive advantage by |
creating new products or services enhancing existing products or services differentiating their products and services from those of their competitors |
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Digital Divide |
those who have internet and those who don't |
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Development and Use of Information Management Systems |
- take an active role in order to ensure that a system meets your needs - understand how they are constructed - consider the users need during development - learn how to employ the system - take into account other important functions |
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Information and Communications Technology Sector includes companies involved in: |
- software & computer services - communication services - ICT Manufacturing - ICT wholesaling |
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ICTC of Canada lists the following as a core set of skills |
- technical - specific technology and industry experience - satisfactory communication |
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Business processes must work together Each business must: |
Obtain payment Cover costs Order more inventory |
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Automation of processesL |
transfer work done by people to computers people follow procedures computers follow software instructions |
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Decision Support System |
An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases and devices that provide information to managers and decision makers |
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Knowledge Management Systems |
maintain an organizations knowledge |
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Productivity or labour productivity |
is the ratio of the GDP of a country divided by the total paid hours worked by people in the country |
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Productivity Paradox |
in 1989 Stephen Roach found no concrete evidence of an increase in worker productivity associated with the massive increase in investment in IT |
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Increased Efficiency |
business processes can be accomplish either more quickly or with fewer resources and facilities |
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Increased Effectiveness |
the company considers offering either new or improved goods or services that the customer values |
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Organizations can gain a competitive advantage by implementing business systems |
locking in customers locking in suppliers create entry barriers establish alliances reducing costs |
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Moore's Law |
in 18 months the price of a given integrated circuit will be halved or, for the same amount of money, you will be able to buy a new IC with twice as many tansistors |
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Hardware |
consists of electronic components and related accessories that input, process, output and store data according to instructions encoded in computer programs or software |
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Input Devices |
Mouse, keyboard, touchscreen, microphone, scanners etc. |
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Output Devices |
video display, speakers, printer, projector, etc. |
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Storage Hardware |
saves data and programs: Magnetic Disks (HD) Optical disks (CD and DVD) Flash or solid state device (SSD) |
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Central Processing Unit (CPU) |
Transfers program or data from disk to main memory |
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Client Computers |
used for word processing, spreadsheets, database access, etc. |
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Servers |
provide service faster and more powerful than client may or may not have video display |
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Application Software |
consists of programs that perform a business function |
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Horizontal-market Application Software |
provides capabilities common across many organizations and industries |
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Vertical-market Application Software |
Serves the need of a specific industry |
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One-of-a-kind Application Software |
Designed for a specific, unique need |
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Thin Client |
application that requires nothing more than a browser on the client |
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Thick Client |
application such as microsoft outlook that requires programs other than a browser on the computer |
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Virus |
computer program that replicates itself. Consumes computers resources |
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Macro Viruses |
attach themselves to various types of documents |
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Worm |
virus that propagates using internet or other network |
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Botnet |
a set of computers and applications that are coordinated through a network and used to perform malicious tasks |
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Zombies |
Subsequent computers infected with worm or virus (a compromised machine) |
