Information Dominance Warfare Officer (Idwo) Pqs 112 Space Fundamentals

Front 1

Provides planners and space reachback for maritime forces and coordinates with other space operations entities, including space operations officers on strike group staffs, on joint force maritime component commander staffs, or maritime HQ with MOCs.

Back 1

NETWARCOM Maritime Operations Center (NNWC MOC)

Front 2

Works in partnership with PEO Command, Control, Communications, Computers, and Intelligence (C4I) to acquire space systems and space terminals respectively.

Back 2

Program Executive Office (PEO) Space Systems

Front 3

Participates in Space Cadre development and requirements in coordination with CNO (N6), NNWC, and PEO Space Systems

Back 3

Space and Naval Warfare Systems Command Space Field Activity (SSFA)

Front 4

Is designated as the Navy Space Scientific and Technical (S&T) Executive.

Back 4

Office of Naval Research (ONR)

Front 5

Is dedicated to exploiting technologies and developing space related capabilities in support of DoD and other agencies.

Back 5

Naval Research Laboratory (NRL)

Front 6

Responsible for coordinating Navy space related issues
between the OPNAV Staff and key Navy personnel working within the NRO, and linking ongoing Navy-related activities at the NRO with the Deputy Assistant Secretary of the Navy (DASN) for C4I/Space.

Back 6

Navy-NRO Coordination Group (NNCG)

Front 7

A core group of active duty and reserve enlisted, officer, and civilian personnel with specialized space expertise.

Back 7

Navy Space Cadre

Front 8

Administratively and operationally assigned under
NETWARCOM, is responsible for operating, managing, and maintaining assigned satellite systems to provide reliable space-based services in direct support of Navy and joint forces. NAVSOC’s missions include the tracking, telemetry, and control operations.

Back 8

Naval Satellite Operations Center (NAVSOC)

Front 9

The primary USSTRATCOM interface to supported
commanders with a goal to provide unity of command and unity of effort in the unimpeded delivery of joint space capabilities to supported commanders and, when directed, to deny the benefits of space to adversaries.

Back 9

JFCC SPACE

Front 10

The mission of the JSPOC is to provide CDR JFCC SPACE with agile and responsive C2 capabilities to conduct space operations on a 24/7 basis.

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Joint Space Operations Center (JSPOC)

Front 11

Integrates Navy Space strategies, plans, and associated program information into the National Security Space plan and utilizes Navy Space assets to support DOD-wide space planning, programming, and acquisition. Manages major space program requirements/capabilities documents and supports the acquisition programs.

Back 11

DoD Executive Agent for Space

Front 12

Is responsible for coordinating and integrating space capabilities in the operational area, and has primary responsibility for joint space operations planning, to include ascertaining space requirements within the joint force.

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Space Coordinating Authority (SCA)

Front 13

A senior Air Force officer with broad space expertise and theater familiarity, normally nominated by Commander AFSPC and approved by the commander, Air Force forces (COMAFFOR). AFSPC ensures DIRSPACEFORs are qualified to perform their responsibilities, and the COMAFFOR provides theater-specific information and orientation.

Back 13

Director of Space Forces (DIRSPACEFOR

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What does the National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) provide?

Back 14

- Monitoring the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction
- Tracking international terrorists, drug traffickers, and criminal organizations
- Developing highly accurate military targeting data and bomb damage assessments
- Supporting international peacekeeping and humanitarian relief operations
- Assessment of the impact of natural disasters, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and fires.

Front 15

Facilitates the integration and coordination of defense, intelligence, civil, and commercial space activities and is the only office specifically focused on cross-space enterprise issues, providing direct support to the Air
Force, NRO, Joint Staff, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Office of the Director of National Intelligence, White House, Congress, as well as other services, agencies, and national-security space stakeholders.

Back 15

National Security Space Office (NSSO)

Front 16

Single focal point for space education and training, complementing existing space education programs at Air University, the Naval Postgraduate School and the
Air Force Institute of Technology.

Back 16

National Security Space Institute (NSSI)

Front 17

What are the five Naval Space goals?

Back 17

1) Mitigate impact of threats and vulnerabilities posed to critical space assets
2) Identify, prioritize, document, and advocate Navy’s requirements in space
3) Posture the Space Cadre to advocate for the Navy and influence national/DOD space decisions
4) Prioritize and fund key Navy space-related S&T R&D efforts
5) Engage with senior DOD/Joint space leadership on Navy issues in space

Front 18

What are the three segments associated with space systems?

Back 18

Ground: Ground station operations to include telemetry, tracking, and commanding of space nodes
including space launch
Communications (link): The information conduits. Control links command the satellite and its sensors. Mission links describe the operational data transmitted to or from the satellite. Both uplink and downlink.
Space: The spacecraft itself

Front 19

Causes thermal damage, extremely complex, works over long distance, ground and spaced based.

Back 19

Laser Weapons

Front 20

Ground- and space- based RF emitters that fire intense burst of radio energy, disabling electronic components in satellite.

Back 20

Radio Frequency Weapons

Front 21

Intense beam of elementary particles that overload a satellite’s internal electronics.

Back 21

Particle-beam weapons

Front 22

Affects the ground, communication, and space segments of our systems.

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Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP)

Front 23

Kinetic-impact weapon causes structural damage by impacting with one high-speed masses.

Back 23

Anti-Satellite (ASAT)

Front 24

Nodes that are the most vulnerable to direct attack by disruption, denial, degradation, or destruction of the utility of a space system.

Back 24

Ground attack

Front 25

The time it takes to make one complete orbit around the earth.

Back 25

Period

Front 26

A measurement of the orbital plane’s tilt relative to the equatorial plane. It is measured counterclockwise at the point at which an object crosses the equatorial plane traveling north in its orbit (the ascending node).

Back 26

Inclination

Front 27

Height above the earth.

Back 27

Altitude

Front 28

To determine the fly-over points, a line is drawn between the earth’s center and the satellite. The point on the line at the surface of the earth, which is directly overhead is called __________.

Back 28

Nadir

Front 29

The ground area that satellite transponders offer
coverage, and determines dish diameter required to receive each transponder's signal.

Back 29

Footprint

Front 30

The strip of the Earth’s surface from which data are collected by a satellite.

Back 30

Swath width

Front 31

Satellites in ___________ orbit must all occupy a single ring above the Equator.

Back 31

Geostationary orbital slot

Front 32

The time elapsed between observations of the same point on earth by a satellite.

Back 32

Revisit time

Front 33

Covers up to one third of the Earth's surface (but usually excludes the poles).

Back 33

Earth coverage beam

Front 34

A satellite signal that is specially concentrated in power (i.e. sent by a high-gain antenna so that it will cover only a limited geographic area on Earth).

Back 34

Spot beam

Front 35

Are comprised of the following mission areas: space force enhancement, space support, space control, and space force application.

Back 35

Space operations

Front 36

Are conducted to maneuver, configure, operate, and sustain on-orbit assets.

Back 36

Satellite operations

Front 37

The communications package, sensors, and equipment which enable the satellite to perform a specific mission.

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Payload

Front 38

1. altitude between ~100 and ~1,000 miles
2. one earth orbit = ~100 minutes
3. sensors have best resolution
4. comms to earth use least power
5. rockets require least energy to get to orbit
6. three categories: polar sun-synchronous, polar non–sun-synchronous, inclined nonpolar

Back 38

Low Earth Orbit (LEO)

Front 39

1. altitude between ~1000 and ~12,000 miles
2. one earth orbit between ~100 minutes and ~ 12 hours
3. longer dwell times over a region and larger coverage area of the earth
4. reduced atmospheric drag to ~0
5. one category: semisynchronous

Back 39

Medium Earth Orbit (MEO)

Front 40

1. altitude between ~660 and ~24,000 miles
2. one earth orbit varies based on altitude
3. enable long dwell times as large fields of view
4. has an apogee and a perigee
5. excellent for intelligence, surveillance,and reconnaissance (ISR)

Back 40

Highly Elliptical Orbit (HEO)

Front 41

1. altitude 22,236 miles
2. one earth orbit equal to the earth’s rotational period
3. relatively fixed over a point on the earth’s surface
4. field of view ~⅓ of the earth’s surface
5. altitude and inclination difficult to achieve
6. two categories: geosynchronous, geostationary

Back 41

Geosynchronous and Geostationary Orbit

Front 42

A geocentric orbit which combines altitude and inclination in such a way that an object on that orbit ascends or descends over any given point of the Earth's surface at the same local mean solar time.

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Sunsynchronous Orbit

Front 43

An orbit in which a satellite passes above or nearly above both poles of the body being orbited (usually a planet such as the Earth, but possibly another body such as the Sun) on each revolution.

Back 43

Polar Orbit

Front 44

What are the four primary space mission areas?

Back 44

1. Space Control
2. Space Force Enhancement
3. Space Support
4. Space Force Application

Front 45

Is used to deny adversary freedom of action in space and is based on negation and offensive prevention measures.

Back 45

Offensive Space Control (OSC)

Front 46

Defined as those operations conducted to preserve the ability to exploit space capabilities via active and passive actions.

Back 46

Defensive Space Control (DSC)

Front 47

Involves characterizing, as completely as necessary, the space capabilities operating within the terrestrial environment and the space domain.

Back 47

Space Situational Awareness (SSA)