Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
116 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
what is a population
|
A collection of people within a given geographic area
|
|
|
what are the types of population
|
patient, resident, target or sub population
|
|
|
what is there a great concern for in populations with a greater older poulation
|
chronic disease.
|
|
|
what is there a great concern for in populations with a greater younger population
|
health maintenance and prevention
|
|
|
what is health
|
Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
|
|
|
what are JCAHO core measures
|
evidence based measurements to compare inpatient facilities
|
|
|
what is HEDIS
|
A set of standardized performance measures designed to ensure that purchasers and consumers have the information they need to reliably compare the performance of managed health care plans
|
|
|
what are the performance measures of HEDIS
|
cancer, heart disease, smoking, asthma, diabetes
|
|
|
how does HEDIES evaluate
|
Includes consumers' experiences that evaluates plan performance in areas such as customer service, access to care and claims possessing
|
|
|
how can informatics support the overall health quality of populations
|
Information technologies supports the development of predicative models and the development of timely interventions by allowing the integrations and analysis of of diverse data sources such as EHR, CDSS, CPOE, and telehealth
|
|
|
how do you link a person to the population to support the overall health quality of populations
|
Use EHR, RHIOs, GIS, DSS,
|
|
|
what do RHIOs do
|
share information resources for a defined geographic areas including patient information
|
|
|
What are EHR used in PHI
|
data is extracted and given to public health agencies
|
|
|
what do GIS do
|
organizes data into nurses, people, environment, and health
|
|
|
what is an epidemic
|
a disease that appears at a rate that substantially exceeds what is expected based on recent experience
|
|
|
what is a pandemic
|
outbreak of an infectious disease that affects people over an extensive geological area
|
|
|
what are some tools against bioterrorism and epidemic
|
detection sensors, diagnostic surveillance, information system networks, Pa RODS, national retail data monitor, biowatch support program
|
|
|
where do RODS get there results
|
basic results about disease outbreak from, coded chief complaints, free text, electronic laboratory, reporting in real time, electronic health record.
|
|
|
what does NRDM do
|
watches the sales of OTC drugs to check disease outbreak
|
|
|
RODS + NRDM + advanced detection algorithms=
|
implemented response decision making system
|
|
|
what is Biowatch
|
a homeland security program that guards 30 US cities against biological attack
|
|
|
what is data in populations
|
get data from multiple sources
|
|
|
what is information in populations
|
combined to have meaning for a group in a geographic area
|
|
|
what is knowledge in populations
|
application and reporting of the information in specific ways
|
|
|
what is wisdom is population s
|
evaluation and adjustment to create new knowledge
|
|
|
what does looking at population and health tell you
|
were to spend tax and research money
|
|
|
what is the HIPPA law
|
curtails healthcare fraud and abuse, enforces standards for heal information, guarantee the security and privacy of health information, and assure health insurance portability for employed persons
|
|
|
what is protected health information
|
information relating to ones physical or mental health, the provision of ones healthcare, or the payment for that healthcare that has been maintained or transmitted electronically and that can be reasonably identified with the individual it applies to
|
|
|
what is confidentiality
|
all personal information that must be safeguarded by ensuring that access is limited to only those who are authorized
|
|
|
what is privacy
|
an important issue related to personal information, about the owner or about other individuals, that is included for sharing with others electronically and the mechanisms that restrict access to this personal information
|
|
|
what is privacy defined as
|
the state of being free from intrusion or disturbance in one's private life of affairs
|
|
|
what is privacy in healthcare
|
an individuals desire to control access to their health information
|
|
|
what are the four dimensions to privacy
|
psychological, social, physical informational
|
|
|
what is the psychological dimension to privacy
|
maintenance of personal identity through individual control of cognitive and affective behavior
|
|
|
what is the social dimension to privacy
|
individuals control over their social contacts
|
|
|
what is the physical dimension to privacy
|
individuals control to physical access to oneself. Can also be personal space or territory
|
|
|
what is the informational dimension to privacy
|
individuals control over the collection and distribution of personal information
|
|
|
what are the privacy practices
|
inclusion of family, physical separation, sensitive topics, personal identity
|
|
|
what is confidentiality
|
having another's trust or confidence, entrusted with secrets or private affairs.
|
|
|
what is confidentiality in healthcare
|
obligation of a holder of identifiable personal health information to protect the persons privacy
|
|
|
what is a covered entity
|
a health plan, a care clearing house, or a health care provider who transmits any health informatics in electronic form in connection with a HIPPA transaction
|
|
|
what is protected health information
|
individually identifiable health information that is transmitted by or maintained in, electronic media or any other form
|
|
|
what must the personal health information relate to
|
mental status or condition, provision of care and payment of care.
|
|
|
when is PHI considered individually identifiable health information
|
if it identifies or provides a reasonable basis to believe it can be used to identify
|
|
|
what is treatment
|
provision coordination or management of healthcare and related services by one or more health care providers, including third party care, consultation between doctors, and referral
|
|
|
what is payment
|
health plan to obtain premiums and health care provider or health plan to provide or obtain reimbursement
|
|
|
what are the operations of HIPAA
|
conducting quality assessment and improvement activities, reviewing health care professionals, evaluating practitioner, training non health care, accreditation, certification, licensing or creditaling, conducting or arranging medical review, legal services, and auditing functions, contract of health insurance, and business planning and development.
|
|
|
what does HIPAA call for
|
standardization of data, unique health identifiers for individuals, health care providers, health plans and employees, security and electronic signature standards, and privacy and confidentiality standards.
|
|
|
what is the security and electronic signature standards for
|
health information that is housed or transmitted electronically, and information that pertains to an individual
|
|
|
what does security involve
|
message integrity, user authentication, non- repudiation (message orgin, message delivery)
|
|
|
what are the privacy standards HIPAA calls for
|
privacy industry so there is limited release of private health information, better enforcement if laws are broken,give patients access to their medical records and who has accessed them (audit trailing), restrict unnecessary distribution of health information, establish new requirements for access to records by researchers and others
|
|
|
do parents of un-emancipated have access to children's health information
|
state law applies first but usually have full access to private heath information unless state law does not require parental consent for particular health service, when court authorizes someone else to make child's health decisions, when parent agrees to have confidential relationship between child and doctor, in case of abuse, neglect and endangerment
|
|
|
what are permitted HIPAA disclosures without authorization
|
required by law, public health, health research, abuse neglect or domestic violence, law enforcement, judicial and administrative proceedings, cadaveric organ, eye or tissue donation purposes, oversight, workers comp.
|
|
|
what are the types of knowledge workers
|
data gatherers, information users, knowledge users, knowledge builders
|
|
|
what are the mechanisms to support work
|
organizational and technical support
|
|
|
what is the organizational support
|
participation in the development of IT decision solutions
|
|
|
what is technical support
|
involvement of users/researchers in the design systems
|
|
|
what are some system design considerations
|
benefit management, resource allocation, time frame development, cost/budget analysis, facilities and equipment identification, input/output criteria, screen flow design, workflow identification, workflow identification, quality control
|
|
|
what are the parts to an IT system
|
system design and system implementation
|
|
|
what are the usability attributes
|
learnability, memorability, efficiency, error rate, satisfaction
|
|
|
what are the types of usability tests
|
exploratory, assessment, validation, comparison
|
|
|
what are the steps in designing a system
|
user assessment, task analysis, prototype testing
|
|
|
what is user assessment
|
look at workplace, workflow and average user
|
|
|
what is task analysis
|
what are the major tasks system used for, information needed for each task, system response to user actions, environmental effects, environmental effects, user training requirements
|
|
|
how do you do prototype testing
|
do iterative cycles, low vs high fidelity prototypes, think aloud exercises, observations, usability statistics
|
|
|
what is the difference between high and low fidelity testing
|
low is early on in the process, use paper mock ups, rough use descriptions and high it later on the in process, use computer screens, use stimulated actions and design
|
|
|
what is human factors engineering
|
study of how humans interact with their environment including, their ability and limitations
|
|
|
what are the parts to system implementation
|
culture and effects
|
|
|
what is organizational culture
|
combination of belifs within an organization about what way work should be organized, the way authority should be exercise, they way in which people are controlled and rewarded. They share basic assumptions and shared meanings developed by groups working on tasks.
|
|
|
what does implementation affect
|
what work is done, how work is done, who is doing the work, where work is being done, who is getting rewarded, the outcome of the work, the relationships between people in the organization
|
|
|
how do you prepare for implementation
|
psychological (mental) and technical preparation (space)
|
|
|
what is psychological preparation
|
process oriented and have human factors
|
|
|
what is the technological preparation
|
system functioning and testing and space preparations
|
|
|
what are the theories of psychological preparation,
|
Lewin's change management theory and Rodgers' theory of diffusion of innovations
|
|
|
what are the 3 stages of change
|
freezing, moving, unfreezing
|
|
|
what are innovations
|
ideas, products, or messages, that are new to the idea
|
|
|
what are the 4 elements of Rogers diffusion of innovation
|
characteristics of the innovation, communication methods used, time, community characteristic in which the innovation is introduced
|
|
|
heterophily means what
|
cause wider diffusion
|
|
|
what does homophily mean
|
faster diffusion
|
|
|
what are the 5 stages of time
|
knowledge, persuasion, decision, implementation, confirmation
|
|
|
what is patient safety
|
avoidance, prevention, and improvement of adverse outcomes or injuries stemming from the process of health care.
|
|
|
what are the institutes that are focused on patient safety
|
IOM, JCAHO, Leap frog group
|
|
|
what are the 2009 national patient safety goals
|
patient identification, communication among caregivers, medications, risk of health care infections, reconcile medications, reduce falls, risk of influenza and pneumonococal disease in older adults, patient active involvement in health care, prevent pressure ulcers, reduce risk of surgical fires.
|
|
|
what is an error
|
failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plant to achieve an aim
|
|
|
what is an adverse event
|
undesirable experience associated with the use of a medical product in a patient.
|
|
|
what is a preventable adverse event
|
adverse event attributed to error
|
|
|
what are the types of errors
|
diagnostic, treatment, preventative, other
|
|
|
what is a diagnostic error
|
error or delay in diagnosis, failure to employ indicated tests, use of outmoded tests or therapy, failure to act on results of monitoring or testing
|
|
|
what is a treatment error
|
error in the performance of an operation, procedure or test, error in administering treatment, error in the dose or method of using a drug, avoidable delay in treatment or in responding to an abnormal test, inappropriate care
|
|
|
what is a preventative error
|
failure to provide prophylactic treatment
|
|
|
what is an other error
|
communication error, equipment failure, other failure
|
|
|
how can information technology improve patient safety
|
reporting systems, Decision support systems, clinical alerts, facilitating communication across the continuum of care and across disciplines
|
|
|
what are 4 areas of informatics that can improve patient safety and enable evidence based practice
|
information access, communication among heath care team members, automated surveillance for real time error detection and prevention, Standardization of practice terms
|
|
|
what is ethics
|
a process of systematically examining varying viewpoints related to moral questions of right and wrong
|
|
|
what is bioethics
|
study and formulation of healthcare ethics
|
|
|
what are ethical dilemmas
|
arise when moral issues raise questions that cannot be answered with a simple, clearly defined rule, fact or authoritative view
|
|
|
what are moral dilemmas
|
occur when some evidence indicates that an act is morally right and some evidence indicates that the act is morally wrong; yet the evidence on both sides is inconclusive, or an individual believes that on moral grounds, they cannot commit an act
|
|
|
what is ethical decision making
|
process of making informed choices about ethical dilemmas based on a set of standards differentiated right and wrong
|
|
|
what are the steps to analyze an ethical case study
|
scenario, examine the dilemma,thoroughly understand the possible alternatives, evaluate arguments for each side, choose the alternative you would recommend,
|
|
|
what is e-health
|
the use of emerging technologies, especially the internet, to improve or enable health and health care
|
|
|
what are the 10 e's of e-health
|
efficiency, enhancing quality of care, evidence base interventions, empowerment of patients, encouragement of new patient/clinician relationships, education of clinicians, enabling information exchange and communication, extending scope of healthcare beyond boundaries, ethics of online information, equity of access for everyone
|
|
|
what are the principles of e-health
|
self reliance, empowerment, consumer not patient
|
|
|
what is health literacy
|
the degree to which individuals have the capacity to obtain, process, and understand basic health information and services needed to make appropriate health decisions
|
|
|
what programs evaluate web sites
|
National network of libraries medicine site, SPAT
|
|
|
how does the national network of libraries evaluate websites
|
accuracy, authority, bias/objectivity, currency/timeliness, coverage
|
|
|
what does SPAT stand for
|
site (URL), publisher, audience, timeliness
|
|
|
what are the similarities between a magnetic strip and embedded chip smart card
|
hold minimal information, accessed by a central registry, require a reader
|
|
|
what are the strengths of a PDA
|
incredibly portable, short learning curve, many difference price points, synchronization to desktop, wireless communication, IR beaming
|
|
|
what are weaknesses of a PDA
|
incredibly portable, lack of strong password or encryption, no differentiation between users, lack of virus protection, IR beaming, incompatible platforms, wireless communication
|
|
|
what are virtual communities
|
a group of people that primarily interact via communication media rather than face to face, for social, professional, educational, or other purposes
|
|
|
what are health sensors
|
electronic yarn, Radio frequency ID, bio
|
|
|
how can electrical yarn help
|
clothing can report a wound
|
|
|
what are RFID do
|
tracking, movement
|
|
|
what are bio health sensors
|
temperature/ physiological and bacteria
|
|
|
what do body area networks do
|
use cellular and wireless networks to send sensor data
|
|
|
what is personalized medicine genetic engineering
|
Gattaca
|
