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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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local area network (LAN)
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connects a group of computers in close proximity, such as in an office building, school, or home. Often connects to other LANs and wide area networks
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Wide area network (WAN)
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spans a large geographic area such as a state, province, or country. Good example is Internet. WANs are essential to carry out day to day activities for many companies/ orgs.
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WANs often connect
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local area networks or metropolitan area networks
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Metropolitan area network (MAN)
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large computer network usually spanning a city. Most colleges, universities, and large companies that span a campus use an infrastructure supported by MAN.
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national service providers (NSPs)
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private companies that own and maintain the worldwide backbone that supports the Internet. Includes sprint, verizon, MCI, AT&T, etc. At top of heirarchy.
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network access points (NAPs)
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are traffic exchange points in the routing hierarchy of the internet that connects NSPs.(network service providers). Typically have region or national coverage.
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regional service providers (RSPs)
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offer Internet service by connecting to NSPs, but they also can connect directly to each other. Below national service provider on heirarchy.
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Internet service provider
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provides access to the Internet for a monthly fee. Vary services provided and available bandwidth rates. Bottom level of heirarchy. Connect to RSPs and if they are close, other ISPs
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true/ false: performance is directly related to the network's speed of data transfer and capacity to handle transmission.
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true
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bandwidth
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we measure network performance with this. The maximum amount of data that can pass from one point to another in a unit of time.
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bit
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(short for binary digit) is the smallest element of data and as a value of either 0 or 1.
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bit rate
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what bandwidth is measured by. The number of bits transferred or received per unit of time.
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modem
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device that enables a computer to transmit and receive data.
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broadband
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replaced dial up. Is a high speed internet connection that is always connected. High speed refers to bandwidth greater than 2 Mbps.
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two most prevalent types of broadband
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1. digital subscriber line
2. cable connections |
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digital subscriber line ( DSL)
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allows high-speed digital data transmission over standard telephone lines. Customers usually have phone/ internet service from same provider. Can simultaneously talk on the phone and be on the internet.
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internet cable connections
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provide internet access using a cable television company's infrastructure and a special cable modem. Shared service, which means everyone in a certain radius shares the available bandwidth.
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In areas that you dont have DSL or cable connections, such as rural areas you use:
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satelilite link can connect to the Internet at speeds more than 1 Mpbs
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T1 Lines
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a type of data connection able to transmit a digital signal at 1.544 Mpbs. Slower and more expensive than DSL or cable, but more reliable.
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protocol
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standard that specified the format of data as well as the rules to be followed during transmission. Computers using the same protocol can communicate easily, providing accessibility, scalability, and connectability between networks.
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transmission control protocol/ Internet protocol (TCP/ IP)
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A standard internet protocal that provides the technical foundation for the public internet as well as for large numbers of private networks. Allows diverse or differing networks to connect and communicate with each other, essentially allowing LANs, WANs, MANs to grow with each new connection
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TCP (transmission control protocol)
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verifies the correct delivery of data because data can become corrupt when traveling over a network. Ensures size of the data packet is the same throughout.
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IP (internet protocol)
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verifies the data are sent to the correct IP address, number represented by four strings of numbers ranging from 0 to 255 separated by periods.
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domain name system (DNS)
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Convert IP addrsses into domains, or identifying labels that use a variety of recognizable naming conventions. EX: www.apple.com
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Some random domain names in existence
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.pro
.aero .museum .xxx .fr .sp |
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Some common domain names
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.biz
.com .edu .gov .info .mil .net .org |
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domain name registrar examples
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godaddy.com
or ICANN (internet corporation for assigning names and numbers) |
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network convergence
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is the efficient coexistence of telephone, video and data communication within a single network, offering convenience and flexibility not possible with separate infrastructures. Benefits are multiple services, multiple service devices, but one network and one provider.
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Unified communications (UC)
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is the integration of communication channels into a single service. Integrates communication channels allowing participants to communicate using the method that is most convenient for them.
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Voice over IP (VoIP)
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uses IP technology to transmit telephone calls. VoIPs services include fixed price for long distant or local calling plans and a range of features : more than one phone number (including dif. area codes), Email and voice mail to listen over computer, receive personal or business calls via the computer no matter where the user is located.
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Good example of VoIP:
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skype. uses a peer to peer network too.
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Peer to peer network (P2P)
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is a computer network that relies on the computing power and bandwidth of the participants in the network rather than a centralized server.
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Internet Protocal TV (IPTV)
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new convergence in the area of television. Distributes digital video content using IP across the Internet and privat IP networks
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IPTV features include:
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- support of multiple devices
-interactivity with users -low bandwidth -personalization |
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Networks offer many advantages for a business including :
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sharing resources, providing opportunities, and reducing travel.
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True/ False : By not using shared resources, cloud computing and virtualization allow for collective computing power, storage, and software, in an on-demand basis.
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false
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intranet
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is a restricted network that relies on Internet technologies to provide an Internet-like environment withing the company for info sharing, communications, collaboration, web publishing, and the support of business process.
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extranet
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extension of an intranet that is available only to authorized outsiders, such as customers, partners, and suppliers.
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virtual private network (VPN)
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when companies establish direct privat network links among themselves or create private, secure Internet access, in effect a "private tunnel" within the internet.
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Even though Networks provide advantages, the increased challenges are :
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1.secutity
2 social, ethical, and political issues |
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two methods for encrypting network traffic on the web are:
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1. secure sockets layer
2. secure hypertext transfer protocol |
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secure sockets layer (SSL)
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standard security technology for establishing an encrypted link between a web server and a browser, ensuring that all data passed between them remain private.
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SSL certificate
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an electronic document that confirms the identity of a website or server and verifies that a public key belongs to a trustworthy individual or company. Needed to create an SSL connection.
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secure hypertext transfer protocol (SHTTP)
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combination of http and SSL to provide encryption and secure identificaton of an Internet server.
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digital divide
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a worldwide gap giving advantage to those with access to technology.
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personal area networks (PAN)
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that provide communication over a short distance that is intended for use with devices that are owned and operated by a single user. Ex: communication between wireless headset and cellphone.
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bluetooth
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is a wireless PAN technology that transmits signals over short distances among cell phones, computers, and other devices. It eliminates the need for wires docking stations or cradles, and all the special attachments that accompany personal computing devices.
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wireless LAN (WLAN)
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local area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data over distances of a few hundred feet.
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wireless fidelity (wi-fi)
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is a means by which portable devices can connect wirelessly to a local area network, using access points that send and receive data via radio waves. Max range of about 1,000 feet.
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hotspots
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areas around access points where users can connect to the internet
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802.11
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network standards that separet bandwidths associated with wi-fi.
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wireless MAN (WMAN)
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metropolitan area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data.
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worldwide interoperability for microwave access (WiMAX)
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communications technology aimed at providing high-speed wireless data over metropolitan area networks. Operates like wi-fi but over reater distances and higher bandwidths. (3,000 square miles of coverage)
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wireless WAN (WWAN)
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is a wide area network that uses radio signals to transmit and receive data. Can be divided into two categories: cellular communication systems and satellite comm. systems.
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smart phones
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cell phones morphed into ths. Offer more advanced computing ability and connectivity than basic cell phones. Allow for browsing, email, music, videos, etc.
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3G
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New service for cell phones. Service that bring wireless broadband to mobile phones. Lets users surf web pages, enjoy music and videos, etc.
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streaming
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method of sending audio and video files over the Internet in such a way that the user can view the file while it is being transferred. Not limited to cell usage, any wireless/wired network.
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satellite
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space station that orbits the earth receiving and transmitting signals from Earth-based stations over a wide area.
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radio frequency- identification (RFID)
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electronic tags and labels to identify obects wirelessly over short distances. May replace existing id technologies such as barcodes.
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geographic information system (GIS)
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consists of hardware, software, and data that provide location information for display on a multidimensional map. Includes building locations, street layouts, pop densities.
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common GIS uses include:
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finding whats nearby, routing info, sending info alerts, mapping densities, mapping quantities.
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location based services (LBS)
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applicatios that use location information to provice a service. utilized by GPS and GIS.
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wi-fi protected access
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wireless security protocol to protect wi-fi networks.
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