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46 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back

Name the four basic elements of an ICT Network...




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Communication devices
-Networking software
-Data transfer media
-Standards and Procedures

What is a communication device?




Topic 4- INFO 2

A piece of hardware that is needed to turn a stand alone computer into a networked computer

What is a Transmission Medium?




Topic 4- INFO 2

A transmission medium is the material which forms the connection between the computers in the network.

What is a network interface card?
Where is it stored?
What is its use?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It connects a computer to a network. It is stored in the motherboard of a computer and the purpose of it is to convert data from the form its stored in to a form for transmission through a network media.




It prepares data for sending over the network, sends the data and controls the flow of data from the computer to the transmission medium.

What is a Hub and what can it do?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is device used to join computers in a network so they can share files and internet connection.

What is a switch and what does it do?




Topic 4- INFO 2

They are used to join multiple computers tiegther in a network.




They can inspect packets of data so that they are forwarded appropriately. As it only sends packet of data to the computer it reduces the amount of data on the network.

What is a router and what can it do?




Topic 4- INFO 2

A router is a hardware device that joins several wired or wireless networks toegther. They are usually a combination of hardware and software which often acts as gateways so that small home computer networks can be connected to the internet.

What is a network operating systems software?
Give examples...




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is for larger client server networks as it is more complex so this software is needed to coordinate the activities of all the computers and other devices connected to the network.




Examples: UNIX, Linux and Novell Netware (very popular)

What is a network management software and what tasks would it help with?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It helps managers of organisations look after all of the computers to keep the network running. It would help with:


-Making sure software on the computers are up to date
-Keeping track of the software being run on each computer and chekcing the licences
-Keeping application software up to date
-Providing remote control facilities so help desk staff can sort a users screen.


-Checking the bandwidth is used correctly
-Finding out if a user has installed unlicensed software.
-Checking the speed of the processor.

What is a data transfer media?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is the material through which data can travel from one computer to another in a network. In small networks wires would be used which can add to the cost of the network as well as installing them.

What are the main forms of data transfer media?




Topic 4- INFO 2

metal wires


fibre optic cable


wireless

Why are metal wires useful and explain the unshielded twisted pair, the shielded twisted pair and non-metal cables...




Topic 4- INFO 2

Metal wires are used because of high transmission speed but they need to be installed which can be expensive.


There are three different types of wire...


1. Unshielded- thin wires twisted to help cancel interference, thin wires means easier installation and only suitable for small networks.


2. Shielded- wires twisted, has copper braiding to protext data signals from outside interference, more expensive than unsheilded and greater transmission.


3. Non metal cables- Light travels faster than electricity so this is why network pulses of light is used to carry data.

What happens with a fibre optic cable?




Topic 4- INFO 2

In a fibre optic cable the data being passed is encoded as pulses of light through a very thin glass fibre. Bundles of fibres are used to carry the data to and from a network.

What are the advantages of fibre optic cables?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Data travels faster
-Small size
-Lack of electrical interference

What are the disadvantages of fibre optic cables?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is expenisive to connect up the cable and the devices.

How can computers connect to the internet useing no cables at all in a local area network?




Topic 4- INFO 2

They can connect wirelessly and the data trasnfer medium is the air through which the radio waves travel.

What does Wireless allow and why is it used?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It enables people to connect to the Internet or to LAN wirelessly. It can work anywhere where there is a radio signal. It is used when people travel alot it needs to be accessed regularly.

What is a Hot Spot and name some...




Topic 4- INFO 2

A Hot Spot is is a public place where the internet can be accessed wirelessly using a persons laptop or portable device.
-Coffee bars


-Train stations
-Bars
-Restaurants
-Hotels
-Airports

How do you set up a small WI-FI network?




Topic 4- INFO 2

You need a broadband connection to the internet, a router and Wi-Fi enabled computers.




Internet - Firewall - Modem - Wireless Router

How does WI-FI work in four steps?




Topic 4- INFO 2

1. Router connects to the internet by a high speed broadband connection.




2. Router recieves data from the internet.




3. Transmits the data as a radio signal.




4. A computer's wireless adapter picks up the signal and turns the radio signal into data that the computer can understand.



What are the advantages of WI-FI?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Allows inexpensive LANS to be set up without cables
-Allows people have freedom of working anywhere a signal can be recieved.
-Ideal for networks in old listed buildings
-Global set of standards (using it all over the world)

What are the Disadvantages of WI-FI?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Power consumption is high
-Health problems in ICT
-There may be security problems


-Home networks have a limited range
-Interference occurs if network signals overlap



What would happen without network procedures?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-security may be comprimised
-network may run slow
-work can be lost
-actions could cause incomvienience to other years

What is a LAN and what is its main features?




Topic 4- INFO 2

Local Area Network
-Confined to a single building
-Ownership of communications equipment

What is a WAN and what is its main features?




Topic 4- INFO 2

Wide Area Network
-Hardware is spread over a wide geographical area.
-Third party telecommunications equipment is used

What is a network topology?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is the way computers are set up in a network. A network topology shows how the computers are connected when wires are used and if wireless is used it shows how the devices in the network communicate with each other.

Name the features of a Ring Topology, the advantages and disadvantages...




Topic 4- INFO 2

Features:
-arranged in a circle
-data sent by one computer passes around a circle until it reaches the correct computer

Advantages:
-Easy to add more devices
-Each computer has the same access so there is no hogging.

Disadvantages:


-If there is a break in the connection, the whole network fails


-faults are difficult to locate
-Impossible to continue running the network while adding other devices to it.

Name the features of a Bus Topology, the advantages and disadvantages...

Topic 4- INFO 2

Features:
-All the devices are connected to the network by a common shared cable called a backbone where signals are passed along.


Advantages:
-Cost effective because of the small amount of cable needed
-Simple cable runs makes it easy to install
-Easy to add extra devices to the network


Disadvantages:


-If more than 12 devices are added hen the network is degraded


-If there is a brak in the backbone then the network can't be used

Name the features of a Star Topology, the advantages and disadvantages...

Topic 4- INFO 2

Features:
-It has a central connection (hub, router or a switch) to all the devices
Advantages:


-fault tolerant
-load tolerant
-easy to add extra computers


Disadvantages


-Higher Cost


-Dependance on the central hub

Name the features of a Mesh Topology, the advantages and disadvantages...

Topic 4- INFO 2

Features:
-Can take several paths to its destination


Advantages:


-Fault tolerant
-Easy to locate faults
Disadvantages:
-Higher cost
-Harder to maintain

What is a Peer to Peer network?
Where are they used?
What does it enable you to do?




Topic 4- INFO 2

A peer to peer network is where all computers have the same status and they are able to communicate on equal footing. All the computers in this network can access all the resources on the network.They are used for home networks and when you want to share files using multiple computers.

What are the advantages of Peer to Peer networks?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-cost saving
-no network manager is needed
-easy to set up


-there is no reliance on a server
-lower operating costs
-peer responisbilty

What are the disadvantages of Peer to Peer networks?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-backups cant be made centrally
-users need more IT knowledge
-poorer security
- some computers may run slowly

What is a Client Server network?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is usually for larger networks and all the computers are not the same status. Usually a more powerful computer is used as the cetral computer where all the files are stored and this is called a server. The other computers are called clients.

What are the advantages of Client server networks?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Security is better
-Centralised data
-Backups are taken centrally
-Faster access to programs and files
-Centralised administration

What are the disadvantages of a CLient server networks?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-More expensive
-Needs specialist knowledge
-Software is sophisticated and expensive

What is the Internet?
What does it provide?




Topic 4- INFO 2

The internet is a huge group of networks joined together. Each of these networks consists of lots of smaller networks.
You have:
-e-mail facilities
-instant messaging
-Usenet news groups
-FTP which is a way of exchanging files between different computers.
-P2P networking which allows you to exchange files.

What is the World Wide Web?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is a means of accessing information contained on the internet. It is an information-sharing model that is built on top of the internet.

Give examples of network resources...




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Shared documents
-DVD Drive
-Removable Disk


-VAIO

What is an Intranet and what is it used for?
What is the main feature?




Topic 4- INFO 2

An intranet is a private network that uses the same technology as the Internet for the sending of the messages around the network. Its main use is to share organisational informtion and resources. It is restrictedto employees of an organisation.

What is an Extranet?
Who can use it and how can it be used?




Topic 4- INFO 2

An Extranet allows customers, suppliers and other partners as well as eployyes to access information. They cant be accessed by the general public which is ensured by usernames and passwords.

When data is sent over an Extranet what security mesaures need to be taken?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-gateways
-firewalls
-encrytion
-user authentification

What are the Relative advantages of a network?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Ability to share files (no need to make copies)


-Ability to share hardware resources (e.g. a printer can be shared)


-Ability to share software (everyone can use the same version)
-Lower software costs
-Improved security (easier for managers to control)
-Easy to implement acceptable use policies
-Easier to back up files


-Improved communication
-Central maintenance and support



What are the relative disadvantages of a network?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Technical knowledge needed
-Lack of access when file server fails
-Cost

What is a communication software used for?




Topic 4- INFO 2

It is used to make it easier for computers to send and recieve data over a network. When it sends it manages the flow across the medium.

What typical tasks would a communications software carry out?


What would the network hardware and software need to do all of the above?




Topic 4- INFO 2

-Collecting bits of data and putting them into packets before sending
-Adding info to each packet
-Performing some error checks
-Establishing conection ebtween remote computers
-Changing packets back into ordinary data.