Inflammation - Color Atlas Pathology + Vernerova's Document

Front 1

transudate usually develops due to...

Back 1

increased hydrostatic blood pressure

Front 2

define serous inflamm.

Back 2

COLOR ATLAS: Acute inflammation with exudate of
fibrin-free serum

VERNEROVA: mild inflammation watery, low protein content, fewer cells, derived from blood or serous lining cells. Mild inflammation

Front 3

define transudate

Back 3

). Transudate: non inflammatory fluid with few cells, protein content less than 3g/dl, specific gravity under 1.015

Front 4

etiology of serous inflamm?

Back 4

Etiologic factors include:
— hypersensitivity reactions;
— bacterial and viral tissue injury;
— physical and chemical tissue injury.

Front 5

examples of serous inflamm?

Back 5

skin blisters, effusions (pleural, peritoneal, pericardial), second degree termal burns, viral meningitis, joint effusions

Front 6

definition of catharral inflamm`?

Back 6

VERNEROVA: More pronounced mucinous secretion superimposed on low grade inflammatory reaction. Usually on mucous membranes.

COLORATLAS (definition of "seromucinous inflamm"):

Definition: Acute inflammation occurring exclusively on the mucous membranes of the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts and producing a watery exudate of serum and mucus

Front 7

examples of catharral inflamm?

Back 7

rhinitis, nasopharyngitis, bronchitis, enteritis

— Hypersensitivity reactions;
— Bacterial and viral tissue injury;
— Physical and chemical tissue injury.

Front 8

definition of purulent/suppurative/pyogenic inflamm?

Back 8

VERNEROVA: large amounts of both necrotic and viable neutrophils and liquefied necrotic tissue. Characteristically produced by bacteria mainly Staphylococci.

Front 9

examples of purulent/suppurative/pyogenic inflamm?

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VERNEROVA:
on serous membranes: empyema thoracis, leptomeningitis, peritonitis purulenta
on mucous membranes: pyosalpings, bronchitis, foliculitis, bronchopneumony
intersticial type ( involvement of stroma rather than epitelial or muscular elements):
a. abscess: circumscribed area of purulent inflammation
b. phlegmon: difuse inflammatory process of soft tissue spreding along fascial planes with necrosis.

Front 10

definition of fibribous inflamm?

Back 10

VERNEROVA:
more severe injury, greater vascular permeability, larger molecules such as fibrinogen pass the vascular barier and fibrin is formed and deposited in extracellular space. Histologically fibrin appears as an eosinophilic meshwork or sometimes as an amorphous coagulum.


COLOR ATLAS; Definition: Acute inflammation with exudation
of fibrinogen-containing serum that poly-
merizes to fibrin outside the blood vessels... Biologic purpose: Immediate temporary barrier
against additional effects of inflammation.

Front 11

examples of fibribous inflamm?

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VERNEROVA:
on SEROUS MEMBRANES: pericardium (cor vilosum, cor hirsutum = grey white glossy fibrin deposits sometimes arranged as horizontal lines give the appearance of „bread and butter“ pericarditis), meninges, pleura
on MUCOUS MEMBRANES
a. crupous :lobar pneumococcal pneumonia- crupous pneumony
b. pseudomembranous (membranous, diphtheric) - more fibrin enmeshes neutrophils due to coagulation. More severe process, due to action of surface toxins on the lining cells. Examples: dyphtery, dysentery, uremic colitis
c. Necrotizing (escharotic) inflammation: widespread destruction of tissue. Characteristic for certain organisms like Pseudomonas, or organisms producing highly toxic substances exotoxins or endotoxins.
Examples: flue tracheitis, burns
d. Ulcerative: localized defect in an epithelial surface with infalmmatory reaction in the base.
INTERSTITIUM: acute phase of rheumatic fever

Fibrinous exudates may be removed by fibrinolysis and clearing of other debris provided by macrophages. The process of resolution may restore normal tissue structure, when fibrin is not removed it may stimulace the ingrowht of fibroblasts and blood vessels and lead to theformation of adhesions.

COLOR ATLAS:
— Infectious toxic tissue injury;
— Tissue injury from physical trauma;
— Chemical and toxic tissue injury;
— Excretion of toxic metabolites (uremic toxins);
— Ischemic tissue injury.
Lobar pneumonia in the gray hepatization stage
(p. 210) and
— Radiation pneumonitis

Front 12

definition of gangrenous inflamm?

Back 12

5. Gangrenous: inflammation is secondary changed due to ischemia or bacteria

Front 13

which types of exudative inflammation are there according to Vernerova?

Back 13

1: serous
2: catharral
3: purrulent - serous vs. mucous vs. interstitial types
4: fibrinous: serous vs. mucous vs. interstitial types
5: gangrenous

Front 14

what types of accute inflammation have we?

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alterative

exudative (the big bad wolf in terms of how much there is to memorize)

proliferative

Front 15

what types of chronic inflammation have we?

Back 15

nonspecific chronic inflamm - e.g. chronic glomerulonephritis

Front 16

Granulomatous inflammation: distinctive pattern of chronic inflammatory reaction characterized by focal accumulation of activated macrophages which often develop an epithelial – like (epitheloid) appearance. 5 subtypes. WHICH SUBTYPES?

Back 16

6 subtypes, i believe:
-sarcoidotic
- rheumatic
- rheumatoid
- tuberculous
- pseudotuberculous
- FB

Front 17

examples of serous inflamm?

Back 17

Initial transitory stage preceding other forms of in-
flammation, collateral inflammation surrounding a
focal inflammation of another type.
— Inflammation of serous membranes such as the
pleura, pericardium, peritoneum, and joints.
— Organ inflammation such as serous hepatitis, ne-
phritis (acute interstitial nephritis), myocarditis,
encephalitis. Serous alveolitis (exudative pulmo-
nary alveolitis) leads to toxic pulmonary edema
with exudation into the interstitium of the alveolar
wall, causing expansion of the alveolar wall ( C, D)
and impairing diffusion (p. 40).
— Vesicular skin infections.
— Serous mucosal inflammations can lead to acute
glottal and laryngeal edema ( B) with risk of as-
phyxia.