Inflammation

Front 1

What are some of the disadvantages to inflammation?

Back 1

1) inflammation takes place within a confined and vital site, which cannot accomodate the rapid increase in cells and fluid

2) an unnecessary and often excessively severe reaction is provoked by some normally harmless antigenic substance to which the animal's tissue has become sensitized (hypersensitivity)

Front 2

What are the benefits to flooding the tissues during inflammation?

Back 2

1) dilutes and neutralizes chemicals, bacteria, toxins, etc.

2) The tissue is invaded by phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages) which remove viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites as well as antigen/antibody complexes

Front 3

What is the TRIPLE RESPONSE in inflammation?

Back 3

- Head
- Redness
- Swelling

Front 4

What are the cardinal signs?

Back 4

- Head
- Swelling
- Redness
- Pain
- Loss of function

Front 5

Explain what occurs during the vascular response of inflammation

Back 5

- active hyperaemia with changes in vessel calibre
- changes in vessel wall and swelling endothelial cells to resemble the 'high endothelial vessels' of lymph nodes
- gradual slowing of blood flow leading to stasis (thrombosis - clotting)
- clumbing of erythrocytes
- margination ('pavementing') of leukocytes

Front 6

List some of the inflammatory mediators

Back 6

- histamines
- prostaglandins
- Kinins
- cytokines
- Platelet activating factor (PAF)
- complement system
- Mediators released by neutrophils
- Mediators released by platelets
- Peptides
- Microbial products

Front 7

List some of the anti-inflammatory mediators

Back 7

- Lipoxins
- Resolvins and protectins

Front 8

List some of the Hormone-Like characteristics of Prostaglandins

Back 8

- Produced in response to stimuli
- Act via G-protein-linked receptors
- Rapidly destroyed; lifetime of secs

Front 9

List some of the NOT Hormone-Like characteristics of Prostaglandins

Back 9

- No stored form; made on demand
- Locally acting; paracrine/audocrine
- Most cells can synthesis