Infectious Diseases Unit 1

Front 1

Disease Vector

Back 1

Carries the disease between people or species

ex: mosquitoes, tics, fleas

Front 2

Epidemeologist

Back 2

Scientist who studies epidemics

Front 3

Animal Reservoir

Back 3

Animal that carries the disease without experiencing its effects

Front 4

Resurging Disease

Back 4

Disease that was once conquered but is coming back

Front 5

Haemmorhagic Fever

Back 5

High infectivity, high mortality

ex: E. bola, Marburg, Lassa, Rift Valley,

Front 6

Zoonosis

Back 6

A disease originating in non-human animals

Front 7

Biohazard Containment

Back 7

No physical contact btwn sick & healthy, air from hospital room is filtered, clothes etc. put in autoclave.

Front 8

Crowd Disease

Back 8

Disease associated w/ high population density

Front 9

Marburg

Back 9

A Haemorrhagic fever that originated in Germany from imported African Green Monkeys. Causes blood to flow from eyes, nose, mouth.

Front 10

SARS

Back 10

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome.
flu --> pneumonia --> death
Index case in Guangzhou, China. Patients contagious late in disease. Quarantine effective

Front 11

Trypanosome

Back 11

Protozoan that causes african sleeping sickness

Front 12

Endemic

Back 12

Present in the natural environment

Front 13

Tse-Tse Fly

Back 13

Transmits East African Sleeping Sickness

Front 14

Vaccinated Diseases

Back 14

Polio, tetanus, diphtheria, whooping cough (pertussis), measles/mumps/rubella

Front 15

Skin

Back 15

First line of defense, well-adapted to prevent bacteria from entering the body

Front 16

Mucous Membrane

Back 16

First line of defense, lines the throat, mouth, nose, eyelids

Front 17

Stomach Acid

Back 17

First line of defense, prevents bacteria from surviving with low pH level (high acidity)

Front 18

East African Sleeping Sickness

Back 18

Most severe type, transmitted from antelopes by tse-tse fly, in Uganda and W. Kenya,

Front 19

Inflammatory Response

Back 19

Second line of defense against pathogens

Front 20

Interstitial Space

Back 20

Space in between the skin and the organs, filled with interstitial fluid

Front 21

Interstitial Fluid

Back 21

AKA Blood Plasma (blood w/o the cells), Lymph; occupies Interstitial Space

Front 22

Mast Cells

Back 22

Bind to the entering bacteria by surface receptors; recognize "PAMP sequences"; release histamine

Front 23

PAMP sequences

Back 23

Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns; things that alert mast cells that these are pathogens.
ex: flagella

Front 24

Histamine

Back 24

Cytokine that causes the capillary to "leak", so plasma floods the interstitial space. Causes swelling & reddening (inflammation)

Front 25

Macrophage

Back 25

Cell that engulfs other cells (pathogens) -- phagocytic; make a "coat" of bacteria on surface

Front 26

Dendrite

Back 26

phagocytic cell

Front 27

Neutrophil

Back 27

phagocytic cell

Front 28

Puss

Back 28

Build up of dead & dying bacteria and phagocytes in the interstitial fluid

Front 29

Acquired Immunity

Back 29

(humoral immunity); Third line of defense, involves the lymphatic system (b-lymphocytes)

Front 30

Humoral Immunity

Back 30

(acquired immunity); involves the lymphatic system

Front 31

Dendritic cell

Back 31

Phagocyte

Front 32

Neutrophil

Back 32

Phagocyte that targets pathogens

Front 33

Puss

Back 33

Dead bacteria & phagocytes that build up in the interstitial fluid

Front 34

Acquired Immunity

Back 34

Third Line of defense

Front 35

Lymphatic system

Back 35

Uses lymph ducts & nodes, like a "circulatory system", contains lymph

Front 36

Plasma Blast

Back 36

Pre-cursors of b-lymphocytes; can bind to an antigen

Front 37

Antigen

Back 37

Molecular feature of pathogen recognized by an antibody

Front 38

Memory b-cells

Back 38

Inactive; left in order to recognize the same pathogen later; causes a quicker immune response

Front 39

Plasma cell

Back 39

Free-foating antibody, final stage of a b-lymphocyte

Front 40

Thoracic duct

Back 40

Pours lymph back into blood & remixes it

Front 41

Ways that antibodies kill pathogens

Back 41

1) coat the surface so virus can't find its receptor
2) cause aggregation & reduce number
3) Target pathogens for phagocytes

Front 42

Aggregation

Back 42

Clumping of bacteria, reduces effective number

Front 43

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Back 43

Involves T-lymphocytes (t-cells)

Front 44

T-cells

Back 44

Are carried to the thymus for "education", interact with macrophages that have engulfed bacteria

Front 45

T-cell receptors

Back 45

Antibody-like protein on surface of t-cell

Front 46

CD8+

Back 46

AKA cytotoxic t-cell(CTL), killer t-cell. Look for other cells that have the antigen they recognize & kill them: perforin & serine protease

Front 47

Perforin

Back 47

Protein produced by cytotoxic t-cells; creates holes in the membrane infected cells

Front 48

Serine Protease

Back 48

Prodcued by cytotoxic t-cells, Enters infected cell through holes made by perforin. Activates programmed cell death

Front 49

Apoptosis

Back 49

Programmed cell death, activated by serine protease

Front 50

CD4+

Back 50

"helper" t-cell, boosts activity of activated cells. Produces cytokines--> stimulate b-lymphocytes

Front 51

Pluripotent stem cell

Back 51

Beginning stage of all antibodies (t-cells, b-lymphocytes, macrophages, etc)

Front 52

Artificially Enhancing Immune System

Back 52

1) Poultice
2) Transfusion (gamma globulin)/anti-venom
3) Vaccination

Front 53

Vaccinations (forms)

Back 53

1) kill pathogen with formaldehyde
2) Attenuation
3) Produce pure antigens (genetic engineering)

Front 54

Attenuation

Back 54

Used to create some vaccines (ex. flu). Grow the antigen in an artificial medium (chick embryo) until it adapts and loses harmful abilities