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81 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
a disease-causing agent that can be viral, bacterial, fungal, or protozoan.
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pathogen
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the organism that provides nourishment and habitat for the disease agent.
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host
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What term is used to describe the infection of a large portion of the population on a global level?
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pandemic
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This type of infection is intracellular.
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viral
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a non-living or harmless form of a pathogen is injected to prompt the body to produce antibodies
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vaccine
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These are selectively effective against bacteria, but are not effective against viruses.
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antibiotics
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Those members of a population who are not at risk of acquiring a disease when exposed. The basis for this resistance is usually genetic.
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immune
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The type of response which targets only a single or very limited range of pathogens.
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specific response
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This term describes the relative ease that a pathogen can be spread from an infected individual to a non-infected individual.
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contagious
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The type of response which inhibits or protects against all invaders.
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non-specific responce
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The term used to describe the increase in new cases of a disease in a given human population, for a given time, at one location.
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outbreak
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This type of infection is extracellular.
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bacterial
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This is an example of a non-specific response.
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skin
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The abbreviation for the type of blood cells which engulf invading pathogens.
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WBC (white blood cells)
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Those members of a population who are at risk of acquiring a disease when exposed.
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susceptible
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______ _____ are a major cause of human suffering and death.
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Infectious diseases
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Microorganisms that are capable of causing disease.
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pathogen
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Results when a pathogen invades and begins to grow within a host.
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infection
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An infectious agent that causes disease in virtually any susceptible host.
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true pathogen
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Potentially infectious agents that rarely cause disease in individuals with healthy immune systems.
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opportunistic pathogens
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Results only if and when tissue function is impaired from the invasion and growth of a pathogen.
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disease
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Genetic or metabolic diseases are ...
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inherited or caused by an abnormality.
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_____ diseases are caused by invasions of hosts by agents whose activities harm the host's tissue.
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Infectious
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Entrance to the host typically occurs through the...
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mouth, eyes, genital openings, or through wounds breaching the skin barrier to pathogens.
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Unicellular with no organized internal membranous structures.
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bacteria
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Bacteria reproduce by growing and dividing into 2 cells in a process called _______ _______.
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binary fission
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Bacillus bacteria are _______.
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rod shaped
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Coccus bacteria are _______.
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spherical
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Spirillum bacteria are ________.
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helical rods (spiral)
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Energy sources for bacteria are ...
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photosynthetic, oxidized inorganic compounds, and breaking down organic compounds.
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These are not organisms and apart from host cells they have no metabolism and can't reproduce.
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viruses
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Conditions that affect bacteria growth:
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food, moisture, temperature, oxygen, light, living or dead matter
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Viruses are classified by ...
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shape, size, and type of genome
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These reproduce primarily by forming spores. Most are multicellular but some are unicellular.
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Fungi
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_____ and ______ fill the role of decomposers.
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bacteria and fungi
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____ are unicellular and do not have cell walls so they are capable of a variety of rapid and flexible movements.
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protozoa
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Simple, invertebrate animals, some of which are infectious parasites.
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helminths
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Degenerative disorders of CNS caused by infectious particles that consist only of proteins.
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prions
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Study of occurrence of disease in populations.
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epidemiology
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Site where infectious agent survives. Animals serve as these for diseases that infect humans.
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disease reservoirs
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true or false- There are non-living reservoirs.
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true
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_____ contact- infected by contact with reservoir (touching an infected person, ingesting infected meat, being bitten by infected animal/insect)
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direct contact
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When a pathogen can withstand the environment outside its host for a long period of time before infecting another individual.
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indirect contact
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When a disease is passed from person to person in a group.
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horizontal transmission
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When a disease is transmitted from parent to child during process of reproduction, fetal development, or birth.
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vertical transmission
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Body's primary defense against disease.
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nonspecific mechanisms
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Nasal opening to respiratory system, skull and vertebral column, and skin are _______.
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anatomical barriers
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These protect natural openings
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physiological deterrents
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Organisms that survive and grow on the skin and in the mouth, GI tract and other areas of the body.
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normal flora
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True or false- Normal flora are organisms that cause disease.
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false
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When a host encounters an antigen that triggers a specific immune response for the second or later time, the memory lymphocytes recognize it and quickly begin growing and dividing.
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immunity
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This results of having had and recovered from a disease.
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natural acquired immunity
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This comes from being vaccinated.
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artificial acquired immunity
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Many pathogens that cause GI diseases are transmitted through ___.
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water
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During ________, solid matter(sludge) is separated from the liquid portion(effluent).
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sewage treatment
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The U.S. has many standards, inspection plans, and regulations about ____ preparation, handling, and distribution.
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food
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Since animals are carriers of many diseases that also affect humans, these are in place.
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animal control programs
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These mandate that children be vaccinated prior to attending school.
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vaccination programs
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These are used to block vector-borne diseases like those carried by mosquitoes.
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pesticides
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These enforce regulations and provide public health services.
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public health organizations
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This supports health related research aimed at understanding, preventing, treating, and controlling infectious and other diseases.
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national institutes of health (NIH)
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This investigates disease outbreaks, publishes a summary of current epidemiological reports, and sponsors a variety of educational programs.
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center for disease control
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Monitors the safety of food, medicines, and many other daily used products.
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food and drug administration
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Provides international surveillance and control of disease. Coordinates multinational vaccination campaigns.
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World health organization (WHO)
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Used to treat TB
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rifampin
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Interferes with certain layers of the cell wall.
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penicillin
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The use of standard precautions- designed to reduce transmission from both recognized and unrecognized sources of infection in healthcare facilities, and are recommended for all patients receiving care, regardless of diagnosis or infection status.
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isolation practices
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Infection control practices should be followed unless number of patients is too large to allow routine triage and isolation strategies.
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patient placement
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_______-Most infections associated with bioterrorism agents can't be transmitted from patient to patient.
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patient transport
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Ideally, infected patients will not be discharged until deemed noninfectious.
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discharge management
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Pathology departments and clinical labs should be informed of a potentially infectious outbreak prior to submitting any specimens for examination or disposal.
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post mortem care
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Name the six different pathogens.
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bacteria, virus, protozoa, helminths, fungi, and prions.
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Results when a pathogen invades & begins growing within a host.
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infection
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Results only if & and when tissue function is impaired from the invasion & growth of a pathogen.
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disease
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The cell wall of a pathogen determines if it is Gram ______ or ______.
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negative or positive
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Reproduce primarily by forming spores.
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fungi
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infectious agents are either transmitted by ______ or _______ contact.
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indirect or direct
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A blanket of body warmed air that encompasses the upper portion of the body. (contains skin cells & bacteria)
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body plume
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The ______ for _______ ______ and Prevention investigates disease outbreaks.
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Center for Disease Control
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the body's first line of defense.
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skin
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What affects the growth of pathogens?
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temperature, light, moisture, food, living or dead matter, and oxygen
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