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78 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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most common cause of bloody diarrhea in the US
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campylobactor
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water/hemorrhagic diarrhea + abdominal pain (also known as pseudo-appendicitis)
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campylobactor
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most common pneumonia in HIV patients
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pneumococcus
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bronchial breath sounds, pathogenic for what?
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pathogenic for pneumonia
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treatment for mucormyocosis of the nose
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amphotericin B + surgical debridement
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treatment for Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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doxycycline
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what is streptococcus bovis endocarditis associated with and what test must you order?
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associated with colorectal cancer so get a colonoscopy
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what tesing panel should you get with a patient newly diagnosed with HIV?
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VDRL, PPD, Hep A/B serology, toxoplasmosis anti-body
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what makes up an adequate sputum stain?
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>25 PMNs with <25 epithelials
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HIV + pneumonia = what bug?
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pneumocystis carinii
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cystic fibrosis + pneumonia = what bug?
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pseudomonas
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neonate + pneumonia = what bug??
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GBS or E coli
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what side-effect does rifampin have?
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turns bodily fluids orange
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ethambutol has what side effect?
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optic neuritis
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side effects of INH
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peripheral neuritis, hepatitis
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most common causes of sinusitis
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s. pneumonia, H. influenza, M. catarrhalis
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most common cause of nursing home pneumonia
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strep pneumo
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most common pneumonias for 18-45 years
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mycoplasma, chlamydia pneumonia, S. pneumo
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most common pneumonias for 40-65 years
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S. pneumo, H. influenza, anaerobes, viruses, mycoplasma
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most common pneumonias for 65+
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S. pneumo, anaerobes, viral, H. influenza, gram+ rods
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diagnosis and treatment for Enterobius vermicularis
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scotch tape test, treat with albendazole or mebendazole
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treatment for disseminated histoplasmosis in HIV patients
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IV amphotericin B followed by lifelong itraconazole
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abrupt onset fever with altered mental status in areas controlled by the temporal lobe... what must you rule out?
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HSV encephalitis
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treatment for elevated ammonia
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neostigmine or lactulose
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treatment for ticks
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remove ASAP with tweezers; decreased risk if attached <24 hours
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treatment for asymptomatic bacturia in pregnancy
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amoxicillin or nitrofurontoin or oral cephalosporins
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rice consumption + vomiting = what bug?
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Bacillus cereus
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CD4 count below what level requires mycobacterium prophylaxis? which drugs are recommended?
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CD4 count below 50/microL, use azithromycin or clindamycin
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treatment for CNS cryptococcal meningitis
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IV amphotericin B + oral flucytosine
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treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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TMP-SMX or pentamidine
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most common cause of septic arthritis and treatment
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staph aureus; diagnose via aspiration and treat with drainage and antibiotics
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what is secondary syphilis?
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diffuse macularpapular rash involving the palms and soles with generalized lymphadenopathy, fever, arthritis, iritis, hepatitis, meningitis, osetitis
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most common cause of UTI
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E coli
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most common bug to cause UTI with alkaline urine
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proteus
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treatment for chlamydia
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azithromycin
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treatment for gonorrhea
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ceftriaxone
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what two common causes of gastritis have pre-formed toxins and hence their rapid onset?
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staph and bacillus cereus
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what bacteria is likely implicated when food poisoning follows a salad with mayo?
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staph
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what is the treatment for a febrile neutropenia?
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medical emergency that requires immediate ceftazidime or cefepime
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antibiotics indicated for cat bites
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empiric Augmentin x 5 days
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presentation difference between CMV and mono
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CMV presents similar to mono without the sore throat and lymphadenopathy
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what bacteria is likely present in a patient on chronic steroids with acid-fast bacteria on culture?
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nocordia asteroides
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most common cause of malignant otitis externa
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pseudomonas aeurginosa
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bacteria involved when a patient presents with cutaneous and visceral angioma-like blood vessel growths
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Bartonella
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bright red, firm, friable exophytic nodules on an HIV patient are what?
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bacillary angiomatosis
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what causes cat scratch fever and how does it present?
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look for bacterial angiomatosis; presents with subacute lymphadenopathy
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grey/leathery membrane covering tonsils/oropharynx
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diptheria
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what causes death related to diptheria?
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cardio toxicity
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what would you see on microscopy with diptheria?
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non-motile, gram(+) bacilli
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most common cause of cellulitis in DMII and burn victims
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pseudomonas
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well-circumscribed lesions with "volcano" appearance in HIV patient on the deep oral mucosa
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HSV esophagitis
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substernal burning + odynophagia + oral ulcerations with intracellular inclusions = ??
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CMV esophagitis
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honey-colored rash with crusting
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impetigo
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treatment for impetigo
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dicloxacillin
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treatment for pregnant woman with Lyme disease
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oral amoxicillin
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most common cause of pneumonia in patients with neurological disease
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mostly anaerobes from aspiration
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treatment for rhinocerebral mucormycosis
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surgical debridement and high dose amphotericin B
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dangerous side-effect of high-dose amphotericin B
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nephrotoxicity
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first line treatment for pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
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TMP-SMX
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what is the dangerous risk with aminoglycoside antibiotic treatment and how do you monitor for it?
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risk of acute tubular necrosis renal failure; monitor BUN/Creatinine
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most common cause of acute bacterial endocarditis
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staph aureus, for both IVDA and non-IVDA ABE
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valve most commonly affected by IVDA-induced bacterial endocarditis
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tricuspid valve
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when are prophylactic antibiotics indicated for patients with mitral valve prolapse?
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no prophylactic antibiotics indicated for dental/GU/GI/bronchoscopy procedures unless there is a history of valve repair surgery
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name the different HIV risks at different CD4 counts
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CD4 <500 = bacterial pneumonia,TB, Kaposi's sarcoma, Herpes Zoster
CD4 <200 = PCP, AIDS dementia CD4 <100 = cryptococcal meningitis, candida esophagitis, cerebral toxoplasmosis CD4 <50 = lymphoma, CMV, retinitis, mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) |
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contraindications to influenza vaccination
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egg allergy, sick with fever, mercury allergy, history of Guillain-Barre syndrome
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common source of hemorrhagic E coli
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undercooked ground beef
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HIV + CD4<50 + odynophagia = ??
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candida esophagitis
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how do you diagnose esophagitis?
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via EGD
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treatment for candida esophagitis
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oral fluconazole
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most common cause of osteomyelitis after a nail-puncture wound
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pseudomonas
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HIV-positive + CD4<50 + fever + RUQ pain + fatigue + weight loss = ??
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mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
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what drugs increase the risk of ototoxicity when use concomitantly with aminoglycosides? at what time is this of high risk?
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loop diuretics; after 2 weeks of antibiotics therapy
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what are Koplik spots and what do they indicate?
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erythematous maculopapular rash that starts on head and spreads caudally; measles
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what is subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?
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fatal neurological complication of measles that occurs years after the infection
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what are common causes of fever of unknown origin?
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infection, malignancy, collagen vascular disease, granulomatous disorders
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what do you see on blood gas with early bacterial sepsis?
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respiratory alkalosis
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are gram (-) or (+) more likely to initiate a primary immune response and why?
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gram (-), due to their lipopolysaccharide (LPS) cell wall
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prophylactic treatment for cat bite
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augmentin or 2nd generation cephalosporin
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