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115 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does OSHA stand for?
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Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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what is OSHA?
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bear the responsibility for protection of the public health, prevention of epidemics, and management of outbreaks.
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____________________ involves a typical chain of events through which a communicable disease spreads
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Infection
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__________________________________ diseases can be transmitted from one person to another under certain conditions.
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Communicable
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The risk of infection depends on the ________ and ________of the organism, its virulence, its mode of entry, and the host’s resistance.
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type and dose
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The human body offers several defenses to protect against infection, such as what?
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skin, the mucous membranes, and the immune system.
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Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) are usually acquired by what?
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sexual contact and are caused by a wide range of organisms.
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Enteric diseases is what?
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infectious diseases that affect the gastrointestinal tract. The organisms that cause enteric infections include rotaviruses, parasites, and bacteria.
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bloodborne diseases include what?
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viral hepatitis, HIV, and AIDS.
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What is a vector?
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a living organism, such as an insect or rodent, that carries a disease-causing human pathogen.
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Vector can be transmitted to humans by means of :
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a bite, inhalation of contaminated animal feces, or other means
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Serious communicable childhood diseases that had become uncommon in recent decades are making a resurgence because some parents refuse to do what?
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to have their children vaccinated.
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what are New and emerging diseases concern include what?
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severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and the avian flu.
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what is AIDS?
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acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) The end-stage disease process caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV); results in extreme vulnerability to numerous opportunistic bacterial, viral, and fungal infections that would not affect a person with an intact immune system.
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What is airborne transmission?
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The transmission of an organ- ism or infectious agent by inhalation of small particles that become aerosolized when the infected person coughs, sneezes, talks, or exhales; particles remain suspended in this vapor and can be carried a short distance, usually 3’ to 6’.
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What is avian (bird) flu?
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A disease caused by a virus that occurs naturally in the bird population; signs and symptoms include fever, sore throat, cough, and muscle aches.
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TRUE OR FALSE?
Bacteria: Small organisms that can grow and reproduce outside the human cell in the presence of the needed temperature and nutrients and cause disease by invading and multiplying in the tissues of the host. |
TRUE
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What are bloodborne pathogens?
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Pathogenic microorganisms that are present in human blood and can cause disease in humans; include, but are not limited to, hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficency virus.
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People who harbor an infectious agent and, although not personally ill, can transmit the infection to other people is called what?
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carriers
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The primary hard lesion or ulcer of syphilis that occurs at the entry site of the infection is called what?
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chancre
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what is chickenpox ?
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A very contagious disease caused by the varicella zoster virus, which is part of the herpes virus family, occurring most often in the winter and early spring.
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TRUE OR FALSE?
Chlamydia IS a sexually transmitted disease (STD) caused by the bacterium. |
TRUE
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Chlamydia trachomatis ; has the __________________ incidence in sexually transmitted
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HIGHEST
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What are the signs of chlamydia?
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inflammation of the urethra, epididymis, cervix, and fallopian tubes, and discharge from the urethra.
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What is colonized ?
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A pathogen is present but has produced no illness in the host; often progresses to active infection; a colonized host is often called a carrier because he or she can transmit the pathogen to others.
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what is communicable disease?
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An infectious disease that can be transmitted from one person to another by direct contact or by indirect contact through a vector or fomite; also called contagious disease.
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The period during which an infected person can transmit a communicable disease to someone else.
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communicable period
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Define Contact Transmission.
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The transmission of an infectious agent by means of direct or indirect contact with the infected persons, such as skin-to-skin contact or contact with the patient’s environment.
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TRUE OR FALSE?
contaminated mean: The presence or the reasonably anticipated presence of blood or other potentially infectious materials on an item or surface. |
true
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what does DICO stand for?
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designated infection control officer
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What is DICO?
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A designated infection control officer (DICO) is a person trained to ensure that proper post exposure medical treatment and counseling are provided to an exposed employee or volunteer.
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what is droplet transmission ?
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The transmission of an infectious agent by inhalation of relatively large particles generated when an infected person coughs or sneezes; these particles travel a short distance through the air before falling to the ground.
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what is Enterococcus?
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A common, normal organism of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract & genitourinary tract
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FUNGI: Small ______________________ that can grow rapidly in the presence of the needed nutrients and organic material and can cause infection related to contact with decaying organic matter or from airborne spores in the environment such as _______; singular term, fungus.
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organism
molds |
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Gastroenteritis: A term that comprises many types of infections and irritations of the gastrointestinal tract; symptoms include __________, _____________, _________, ___________ _________ and___________; also called stomach flu.
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nausea
vomiting fever abdominal cramps diarrhea |
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Gonorrhea: A sexually transmitted disease (STD) that results in infection caused by :
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the gonococcal bacteria,
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what are the sign of Neisseria gonorrhea ?
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include pus-containing discharge from the urethra and painful urination in males and signs and symptoms of an acute abdomen in females.
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what is a hantavirus?
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A type of virus found in wild rodents, which can also cause disease in humans, characterized by fever, headache, abdominal pain, loss of appetite, and vomiting; diseases caused are hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome and hantavirus pulmonary syndrome.
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what is host resistance ?
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One’s ability to fight off infection.
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what does HIV stand for?
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human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
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HIV is the virus that may lead to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS); cells in the immune system are killed or damaged so that the body is unable to fight
_______________ and ___________ ___________. |
infections and certain cancers.
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icterus is also called what?
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Jaundice
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what is Jaundice?
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the yellow appearance of the skin and other tissues caused by an accumulation of bile pigments.
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immunization is the process of what?
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producing widespread immunity to a specific infectious disease among a targeted group by inoculating individual members of the population
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The period between exposure to an organism and the first symptoms of illness, during which the organism multiplies within the body and starts to produce symptoms. This period is when the disease can be transmitted to another person. What is it called?
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incubation period
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infection is the invasion of a host or host tissues by pathogenic organisms such as what?
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bacteria, viruses, or parasites that produces illness that may or may not have clinical manifestations.
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infectious disease is a disease that is caused by what?
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infection or one that is capable of being transmitted with or without direct contact.
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infectious hepatitis Another name for what?
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hepatitis
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mild fatigue, loss of appetite, fever, nausea, abdominal pain, and, eventually, jaundice, dark-colored urine, and whitish stools. What are these signs of?
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Hepatitis
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influenza is what?
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a respiratory infection caused by a variety of viruses; differs from the common cold in that the flu involves a fever, headache, and extreme exhaustion.
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jaundice is the presence of what?
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excessive bile pigments in the bloodstream that give the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes a distinct yellow color; often associated with liver disease.
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Tiny, wingless, parasitic insects that feed on blood; an infestation is easily spread through close personal contact; types include head, body, and pubic lice.
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lice
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Lyme disease is a tick-borne disease that primarily affects the __________, __________, __________, and __________ ___________and is characterized by a round, red lesion or bull’s-eye rash
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skin
heart joints nervous system |
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An infectious viral disease that occurs most often in late winter and spring; begins with a fever followed by a cough, running nose, and pink eye; a rash spreads from the face and neck down the back and trunk. What is this disease?
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measles
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Define: meningitis
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An inflammation of the meningeal coverings of the brain and spinal cord; usually caused by a virus or bacterium; the viral type is less severe than the bacterial; the bacterial type can result in brain damage, hearing loss, learning disability, or death.
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meningococcal meningitis. What is this?
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A type of meningitis caused by the meningococcal bacterium, Neisseria meningitides .
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mononucleosis is an Infectious mononucleosis or mono (glan- dular fever); caused by the Epstein-Barr virus, is often called the what?
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kissing disease; also spread by coughing or sneezing.
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Define: MUMPS
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A viral infection that primarily affects the parotid glands, which are one of the three pairs of salivary glands, causing swelling in front of the ears.
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what is needleless systems ?
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Devices that do not use needles for the collection of body fluids or withdrawal of body
fluids after initial venous or arterial access is established, the administration of medication or fluids, or any other procedure involving the potential for occupational exposure to blood- borne pathogens by percutaneous injuries from contaminated sharps |
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true or false?
nosocomial infections An infection acquired from non health care setting. |
FALSE
FROM HEALTH CARE SETTINGS |
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opportunistic infections are infections in which an organism thrives when the immune system has been compromised by what?
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illness, chemotherapeutic medications, or antirejection drugs in an organ transplant recipient. These fungi, bacteria, viruses, and parasites are normally held in check by a healthy immune system.
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what does OPIM stand for ?
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other potentially infectious materials (OPIM)
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Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), pericardial fluid, amniotic
fluid, synovial fluid, peritoneal fluid, and any fluid containing visible blood. What is this? |
OPIM
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what is Pandemic
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An outbreak of disease that occurs on a global scale.
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parasites : Any living organisms in or on any other living creature; take advantage of the host by feeding off what?
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cells and tissues
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Pertussis: An acute infectious disease characterized by a ______________stage, followed by a ________________cough that ends in a _____________ inspiration; also called whooping cough.
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catarrhal
paroxysmal whooping |
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what is pneumonia?
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An inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infections or infections with other microorganisms.
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A Single-celled, usually microscopic, eukaryotic organisms such as amoebas, ciliates, flagellates, and sporozoans; a type of parasite.
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protozoa
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True or False?
rabies: A fatal infection of the central nervous system caused by a bite from an animal that has been infected with the rabies virus. |
TRUE
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What is a reservoir ?
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In the context of communicable disease, a place where organisms may live and multiply.
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what does RSV stand for?
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respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
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what is RSV?
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A virus that affects the upper and lower respiratory tracts, but disease, namely pneumonia and bronchiolitis, is more prevalent in the lower respiratory tract.
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rubella:
A ____________ disease similar to measles, best known by the distinctive red rash on the skin; not nearly as infectious or severe as measles. |
viral
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what are scabies :
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An infestation of the skin with the mite
Sarcoptes sca- biei ; spreads rapidly with skin-to-skin contact. |
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true or false ?
seropositive : Having a negative blood test for an infectious agent, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or hepatitis B or C virus. |
FALSE
POSITIVE BLOOD TEST |
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serum hepatitis : Infection with the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through what?
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sexual contact, blood transfusion, or puncture of the skin with contaminated needles
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what are the signs of serum hepatitis?
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loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, general fatigue and malaise, low-grade fever, vague abdominal discomfort, and sometimes aching in the joints; eventually, jaundice occurs.
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what does SARS stand for?
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severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)
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what is SARS?
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A potentially life-threatening viral infection that usually starts with flu-like symptoms.
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What does STD stand for?
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sexually transmitted diseases (STDs)
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what is STD?
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A group of diseases usually acquired by sexual contact.
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STD includes what disease?
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gonorrhea, syphilis, chlamydia, scabies, pubic lice, herpes, hepatitis, and HIV infection.
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true or false?
source individual: Any person, living or dead, whose blood or other potentially infectious materials may be a source of occupational exposure to another person; examples include but are not limited to, hospital and clinic patients; clients in institutions for the developmentally disabled; trauma victims; clients of drug and alcohol treatment facilities; residents of hospices and nursing homes; human remains; and people who donate or sell blood or blood components. |
true
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standard precautions is the term currently used to describe the infection control practices that will reduce the opportunity for exposure of providers in the daily care of patients; consider all body fluids, except what?
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sweat, to present a possible risk.
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what is Staphylococcus aureus ?
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A strain of bacteria that became resistant to the drug methicillin, creating a new strain called methicillin-resistant S aureus ; symptoms include infection and possibly localized skin abscesses and cellulites, +
empyemas, and endocarditis. |
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syphilis is a sexually transmitted disease caused by what ?
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the spiral shaped bacteria treponema pallidum with signs and syptoms that include an ulcerative lesion or chancre of the skin.
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tetanus is a disease caused by what?
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spores that enter the body through a puncture wound contaminated with animal feces, street dust, or soil or that can enter through contaminated street drugs; signs and symptoms include pain at the wound site and painful muscle contractions in the neck and trunk muscles.
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what does TST stand for?
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tuberculin skin test (TST)
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what is TST?
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A test to determine if a person has ever been infected with tuberculosis.
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vaccinations are Inoculations with a vaccine, usually by _________________ or ________________to bring about immunity to a specific disease in a person.
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injection
inhalation |
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what is "VACCINE"?
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The products formulated to bring about immunity by introducing into the body a killed or weakened virus to which the immune system produces antibodies.
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Tiny fluid-filled sacks; small blisters are what?
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Vesicles
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what is viral hepatitis?
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An inflammation of the liver produced by one of five distinct forms a virus—A, B, C, D, and E. The types differ in transmission but present with the same signs and symptoms.
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virulence is the ability of an organism to __________ and ______________ disease in a host; also refers to the ability of an organism to survive outside the living host.
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invade and create
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what is a virus?
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Small organisms that can multiply only inside a host, such as a human, and cause disease.
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what does WNV stand for?
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West Nile Virus (WNV)
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what is WNV?
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A type of virus that is transmitted by mosquitos
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The WNV can usually cause only mild disease in humans but can cause what?
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encephalitis, meningitis, and death; symptoms, if any, include fever, headache, body rash, and swollen lymph glands.
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zoonotic refers to what?
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infectious diseases of animals that can be transmitted to humans and cause disease.
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match the meaning with the word:
THE PERIOD DURING WHICH AN INFECTED PERSON A CAN TRANSMIT A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE TO SOMEONE ELSE a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
E
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match the meaning with the word:
THE PRESENCE OR THE REASONABLE ANTICIPATED PRESENCE OF BLOOD OR OTHER POTENTIALLY INFECTIOUS MATERIALS ON AN ITEM OR SURFACE a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
G
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match the meaning with the word:
INANIMATE OBJECTS CONTAMINATED WITH MICROORGANISMS THAT SERVE AS A MEANS OF TRANSMITTING AN I ILLNESS. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
C
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match the meaning with the word:
A PLACE WHERE ORGANISMS MAY LIVE AND MULTIPLY a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
A
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match the meaning with the word:
THE PERIOD BETWEEN EXPOSURE TO AN ORGANISM AND THE FIRST SYMPTOMS OF ILLNESS, DURING WHICH THE ORGANISM MULTIPLIES WITHIN THE BODY AND STARTS TO PRODUCE SYMPTOMS. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
D
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match the meaning with the word:
AN INFECTION ACQUIRED FROM A HEALTH CARE SETTING. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
F
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match the meaning with the word:
THE INVASION OF A HOST OR HOST TISSUE BY PATHOGENIC ORGANISM SUCH AS BACTERIA, VIRUSES, OR PARASITES THAT PRODUCES ILLNESS THAT MAY OR MAY OT HAVE CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
H
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match the meaning with the word:
PEOPLE WHO HARBOR AN INFECTIOUS AGENT AND ALTHOUGH NOT PERSONALLY ILL, CAN TRANSMIT THE INFECTION TO OTHER PEOPLE. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
B
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match the meaning with the word:
PRIMARY BARRIER THAT PREVENTS INFECTIONS. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
I
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match the meaning with the word:
THESE PATHOGENS INCLUDE, BUT ARE NOT LIMITED TO HEPATITIS B VIRUS, (HBV) HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV), AND HEPATITIS C VIRUS (HCV) a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
J
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match the meaning with the word:
A VIRAL DISEASE SIMILAR TO MEASLES, BEST KNOWN BY THE DISTINCTIVE RED RASH ON THE SKIN; NOT NEARLY AS INFECTIOUS OR SEVERE AS MEASLES. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
P
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match the meaning with the word:
HAVING A POSITIVE BLOOD TEST FOR AN INFECTIOUS AGENT, SUCH AS HIV or HBV. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
M
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match the meaning with the word:
AN ANIMAL OR INSECT THAT CARRIES A DISEASE CAUSING ORGANISM AND TRANSMITS IT TO A HUMAN HOST, WITHOUT ITSELF BECOMING ILL. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
K
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match the meaning with the word:
a fatal infection of the central nervous system ccaused by a bite from an animal that has been infect with a virus. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
N
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match the meaning with the word:
An inflammation of the lungs caused by bacterial, viral or fungal infections or infections with other microorganisms. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
O
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match the meaning with the word:
the ability of an organism to invade and create disease in a host; also refer to the ability of an organism to survive outside the living host. a. reservoir b. carriers c. formites d. incubation period e. communicable period f. nosocomial infection g. contaminated h. infection i skin j blood borne pathogens k. vector l. virulence m seropositive n rabies o pneumonia p rubella |
L
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