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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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NRTI
adverse events for all |
lipodystrophy, hepatic steatosis, lactic acidosis
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NNRTIs
adverse events for all |
Drug interactions, rash, SJS, TENS
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PIs
adverse events for all |
metabolic abnormalities, (increase lipids, glucose, insulin resistance, lipodystrophy), increased bleeding in hemophiliacs
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Abacavir
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NRTI
rash, hypersensitivity (HLA-B5701) |
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Zidovudine
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NRTI
anemia, neutropenia |
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Stavudine
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NRTI
peripheral neuropathy, increase lipids, LFTs, pancreatitis |
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Lamivudine
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NRTI
peripheral neuropathy, dry mouth CAN BE USED IN HEP B |
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Tenofovir
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NRTI
flatulence, Fanconi's syndrome (affects proximal tubule, loss of lots of glucose, AA's, PO4 & bicarb in urine) CAN BE USED IN HEP B |
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Nevirapine
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NNRTI
hepatoxicity, SJS/TEN |
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Efavirenze
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NNRTI
teratogenic, psychosis, bad/intense dreams, dizziness |
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Darunavir
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PI
don't use with simvastatin/lovastatin some reports of drug induced hepatitis when used with Ritonavir |
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Ritonavir
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PI
peri-oral dysesthesia, QT prolongation, increased uric acid, peripheral neuropathy, GI problems, taste perversion |
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Atazanavir
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PR prolongation, NOT in ESRD, increase LFTs, bili,
avoid with PPI >20 mg (will not work, needs stomach acid) kidney stones |
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Indinavir
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PI
kidney stones, increased bili, dry skin |
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Enfurvitide
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Fusion Inhibitor
used in salvage therapy, very expensive, injection site reactions |
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Raltegravir
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Integrase inhibitor
nausea & abdominal distress, fever, rashes |
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Pneumonias - Consolidated
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-Strep. pneumo, H. flu, Legionella
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PNAs - Bronchopneumonias - patchy infiltrates in multiple areas
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Staph aureus, GN bacilli, mycoplasma, chlamydia
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PNAs - Interstitial (fine diffuse granular infiltrates)
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Flu, CMV, PCP
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PNAs - Nodcular
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Histo, coccidio, cryptococcus
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Infectious Endocarditis - empiric tx & duration of tx
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empiric tx: vancomycin/ gentamycin
duration: 4-6 weeks |
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Staph aureus endocarditis
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ampicillin/gentamycin
-vancomycin if MRSA |
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Enterococcus endocarditis
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ampicillin/gentamycin
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Histoplasmosis: sx, facts, treatment
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facts: a fungus, endemic in Ohio/Mississippi river valley, bird/bat dropping (HIV CD4 <200)
sx: flu-like symptoms, erythema nodosum tx: Amphotericin B for severe immunocompromised, or can use PO fluconazole |
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Coccidiomycosis: facts, sx, treatment
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Facts: fungus, from US Southwest 'valley fever'
sx: inhaled spores - from asx to nonspec. respiratory sx Tx: po fluconazole/itraconazole x 6 months, severe Amphotericin B |
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Cryptococcal Meningitis
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facts: yeast in pigeon droppings, HALOS ON INDIA INK, meningitis in disseminated disease
sx: identify on CSF tx: Amphotericin B 10-14 days, then 8-10 weeks po fluconazole |
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Toxoplasmosis
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facts: usually a reactivation of latent Toxoplasma gondii, Sx: a mass lesion (discrete deficits, headache) and encephalitis (fever, AMS)
Dx: CT/MRI shows CONTRAST ENHANCED MASS LESIONS OF BASAL GANGLIA & SUBCORTICAL WHITE MATTER Tx: Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine, or pyrimethamine + azithromycin |
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CMV infection
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disseminated disease involves GI & pulmonary systems; colitis& esophagitis other findings
-most important manifestation is RETINITIS--unilateral vision loss that can lead to permanent/bilateral vision loss Tx: ganciclovir/foscarnet |
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Bacterial Meningitis: Abx in infants (bacteria & Empiric abx)
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MC organisms: GBS, E. coli, Klebsiella
Empiric Tx: cefotaxime + ampicillin + vancomycin |
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Bacterial Meningitis 3 mo - 50y/o bugs & empiric drugs
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Bugs: N. meningiditis, Strep pneumo, H. flu
Drugs: Ceftriaxon/cefotaxime + vancomycin + ampicillin |
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Bacterial Meningitis: >50 y/o Bugs & Empiric Drugs
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Bugs: Strep pneumo, N. meningiditis, Listeria monocyto
Drugs: Ceftazidime + Ampicillin + vancomycin |
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Meningitis: immunocompromised bugs & empiric drugs
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bugs: strep pneumo, N meningiditis, Listeria, Aeroic GN bacilli, Pseudomonas
drugs: ceftazidime + ampicillin + vancomycin |
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TB prophylaxis therapy
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INH (isoniazid) x 9 months
(and vitamin B6) |
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TB Treatment
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Rifampin (RIF) 600 mg q 24
Isoniazid (INH) 300 mg q 24 Pyrazanamide 25 mg/kg q 24 Ethambutol 25 mg/kg q 24 RIPE x 2 months, then INH & RIF x 4 months |
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Sepsis: Lung -- empiric abx tx & bugs
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Bugs: pseudomonas --> Cefepime/timentin
enterobacter -->zosyn + aminoglycoside |
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Sepsis bugs & drugs prophylaxis Abdomen
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GNRs - zosyn/aminoglycoside
anaerobes - imipenem/meropenem |
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UTI bugs & drugs
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E coli - cipro
strep - timentin mix anaerobe/aerobe - zosyn |
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nectrotizing fasciitis
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imipenem/doripenem
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bacteremia of unknown source
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cefepime/ceftriaxone + vancomycin
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