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309 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What infectious disease is characterized by fetal or veterinarian disease, and progresses from a macular-papular rash to a pustular rash?
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Listeriosis
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What infectious disease is characterized by HHV6, patients are typically less than 3 yr old, and a fever followed by a rash?
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Roseola infantum (1 of 5 childhood exanthems)
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What infectious disease is characterized by ECHO, Coxsackie, includes protean rashes, summer colds, fever, pharyngitis, is very common and IgG therapy is useful to treat it?
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Enteroviral rashes
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What infectious disease is characterized by having the etiologic agent of Erythrovirus B19 or reactivated EBV, starts in the axilla and stays on 1 side, and affects mostly young children?
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ULE/APEC
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What infectious disease is characterized by mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, etiologic agents: Rickettsia or EBV et. al and has the symptoms of dry, red fissured lips, swollen palms and soles, conjunctivitis, rash on trunk and is the most common acquired heart disease affecting the coronary arteries (this happens in 25% of patients with this disease)? Its most common patient age is 5 yo
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Kawasaki syndrome/disease
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What infectious disease is characterized by a morbilliform rash, photophobia, the rash begins on the face and descends? (Significant symptoms: Fever, 3 C's, Koplik spots, Warthin-Finkeldey cells. Complications: SSPE, bronchiolitis that leads to bacterial pneumonia.)
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Rubeola...Measles virus
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What is used to treat Rubeola (measles virus)?
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Vitamin A in children
Ribavirin therapy in adults |
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What infectious disease is characterized as a 3 day rash that starts on the face and descends to the rest of the body? It is a mild rash, involves Forchheimer spots, arthritis in adults.
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Rubella (German measles)
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What infectious disease that if the pregnant mother contracts the disease during the 1st trimester will cause the following congenital symptoms in the newborn: cataracts and retardation?
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Rubella (German measles)
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What infectious disease is characterized by having a gloves and socks rash (not trunk) and is caused by PAS, EBV, B19, or Coxsackie virus?
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Gianotti-Crosti Syndrome
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What is the infectious disease that is characterized by "slapped face" rash, etiologic agent: B19, the rash looks worse with sunlight exposure and exercise and other symptoms include coryza, diarrhea, hydrops fetalis (fatal), arthritis, and aplastic crisis in adults?
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Erythema infectiosum
1 of 5 common childhood infections. |
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What infectious disease is characterized by viremia without IgG, rash on upper body, fever, diffuse lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, fatigue, and lethargy?
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Primary acute HIV infection
Get a good history: patients with risk factors Treat with HAART therapy |
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What infectious disease is characterized by fever, fatigue, pharyngitis, Forchheimer spots, lymphocytosis (infected B, T response), Downey cells, heterophile Ab, splenomegaly and often includes an ampicillin-induced rash?
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Infectious mononucleosis caused by EBV
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What disease is transmitted by the organism Rickettsia rickettsii?
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RMSF
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By what vector is RMSF transmitted?
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Ixodid tick (Dermacentor)
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What infectious disease is characterized by Summer tick bite, papular to petechial rash that starts at the ankle or wrist and progresses to the extremities and palms/soles, high fever and headache, and Weil-Felix reaction?
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RMSF
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How do you treat RMSF?
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with Doxycycline
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What infectious disease is caused by a group a streptococci (GAS) that produces erythrogenic toxin and has the following symptoms: pharyngitis to toxemia, sandpaper diffuse rash that blanches, circumoral pallor, Pastia's lines, desquamation, strawberry tongue, toxicity and a positive ASO titer?
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Scarlet fever
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How do you treat scarlet fever?
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with penicillin G
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What infectious disease is caused by staphylococcus aureus or GAS, is sunburn-like with desquamation, strawberry tongue, fever, hypotension, toxicity, and affects multiple organs (confusion, GI issues)?
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Toxic shock syndrome
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How do you treat toxic shock syndrome?
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with naficillin or oxacillin
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What infectious disease is caused by Salmonella Typhi?
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Typhoid fever
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What infectious disease has the following symptoms: rose spots on trunk, fever, headache, GI/liver issues, is food-borne, carriers (gall bladder) and Widal's serology?
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Typhoid fever
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How do you treat Typhoid fever?
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with ciprofloxacin
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What infectious disease is characterized by Spirillum minor and the main cause of the disease is Streptobacillus moniliformis?
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Rat bite fever
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What infectious disease has symptoms of fever, lymphadenopathy, arthritis and results from rodent contact?
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Rat bite fever
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What infectious disease is caused by Rickettsia typhi and produces a rash that progresses from axilla to trunk? It is caused by a flea bite and is flu-like.
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Endemic typhus
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What infectious disease is caused by Treponema pallidum?
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Syphilis
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What infectious disease is characterized by a rash that progresses to a scaly rash, has mucocutaneous ulcers, causes alopecia, condyloma lata?
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Syphilis
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What are the tests for syphilis?
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RPR, VDRL, MHA-TP, FTA-TP, TPHA
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How do you treat syphilis?
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with penicillin G
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What type of reaction happens by killing the treponema pallidum bacteria too fast with penicillin G when a patient has syphilis?
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J-H reaction
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What type of disease is caused by Bartonella henselae?
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Cat scratch disease
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What type of infectious disease is characterized by papule at the scratch site, lymphadenopathy that sticks around for a while?
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Cat scratch disease
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How do you treat cat scratch disease?
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with axithromycin
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What infectious disease is caused by pseudocowpox (brick), only forms on the hands, and is an occupational disease (typically happens to butchers and dairymen)?
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Milker's nodules
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What infectious disease has the following characteristics: few, pink, umbilicated nodules, the nodules express caseous material, and the caseous material reveals the Henderson-Patterson bodies (clam shell)?
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Molluscum contagiosum
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What appears 6 to 8 weeks after a syphilitic chancre lesion and is characterized by soft papules at the mucocutaneous junction?
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Condyloma lata (happens with secondary syphilis)
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What type of infectious disease is caused by the papillomavirus?
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Verrucae (warts)
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Which infectious disease occurs mostly on the hands, the vulgaris type is velvety or rough, the plana type is flat, the plantaris type occurs on the soles, the filiformis type is stalked and histology shows characteristic koilocytes?
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Verrucae (warts)
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What type of infectious disease are venereal and anal warts?
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Condyloma accuminata
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What type of infectious disease is caused by papillomavirus, the premalignant types are 16 and 18 (can cause cervical cancer) and there is a vaccine called Gardasil for these 2 types?
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Condyloma accuminata
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What type of infectious disease is caused by the bacterium: Mycobacterium leprae?
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Leprosy
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What infectious disease is caused by an acid fast bacilli and has 2 different types?
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Leprosy:
Tuberculoid: mild, clear margins Lepromatous: severe, anesthestic, loss of eyebrows, lashes, cooler body parts |
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What type of infectious disease is spread by bacilli in the nose and needs sustained close contact for spread?
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Leprosy
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What antibiotics are used to treat leprosy?
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Dapsone and rifampin
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What infectious disease spreads from the lungs to the skin, forms slow spreading rough papules, is like histoplasmosis in terms of geography, is spread by animal excreta?
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Blastomycosis
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What type of infectious disease is yeast with broad-based buds and is treated with itraconazole?
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Blastomycosis
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What type of infectious disease is caused by Fonsecaea?
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Chromomycosis
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What type of infectious disease is characterized by occurring in the tropics, produces dark verrucous nodules on the feet and legs, and is characterized by copper-colored Medlar bodies in situ?
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Chromomycosis
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What type of infectious disease is caused by Trichinella spiralis?
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Trichinosis
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What type of infectious disease is acquired by eating undercooked meat (particularly wild game) and causes worms (nematodes) to encase themselves in the striated muscle? It also causes a urticarial rash, myalgia, and periorbital edema.
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Trichinosis
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What type of infectious disease is caused by a shistosome (trichobilharzia), is acquired from midwestern lakes and marine waters, and causes pruritic papules?
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Swimmer's itch
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What type of infectious disease causes pneumonitis, pruritis, anemia, creeping eruption and ova in the feces?
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Hookworm and Strongyloides infection by Necator americanus, ancylostoma duodenale, and strongyloides stercoralis
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How do you treat ancylostoma duodenale?
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with albendazole
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How do you treat strongyloides stercoralis?
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with ivermectin
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What infectious disease is pruritic and contagious and involves lice and nits in the hair?
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Pediculosis caused by Pediculus humanus capitis
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What type of infectious disease is caused by an insect, has 30 day incubation period, causes brown spots in the underwear and is a sexually transmitted disease?
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Phthiriasis (crabs) caused by Phthirus pubis (6 legs)
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What do you treat pediculosis with?
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Permethrin
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What infectious disease is caused by a mite that burrows into the skin of hands or genitalia, is an STD and has significant night pruritus?
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Scabies caused by the mite Sarcoptes scabiei
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What do you use to treat scabies?
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permethrin
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What infectious disease is caused by Pulex, close animal contact and causes clusters of pruritic papules?
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Flea bites
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What infectious disease is caused by a mite, causes pruritis one day after the bite, and usually results from contact with grass, vegetation, animals and birds?
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Chigger bites (trombiculiasis) caused by Trombicula irritans
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What infectious disease occurs in the southern US and the tropics, is a burrowing pruritis, a hookworm of dogs and cats?
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Creeping eruption; cutaneous larval migrans caused by Ancylostoma braziliensis (Strongyloides can cause this as well.)
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What is the treatment for Ancylostoma braziliensis?
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Ivermectin
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What disease is caused by Borrelia burgdorferi?
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Lyme disease
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What infectious disease is spread by the Ixodes tick, causes a bull's eye rash, arthritis and is flu-like?
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Lyme disease
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What do you use to treat Lyme disease?
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amoxicillin
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What infectious disease is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes, is a transient sign of acute rheumatic fever (carditis, polyarthritis)?
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Erythema marginatum
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What infectious disease is often caused by HSV but can also be a drug complication and has characteristic target lesions, the more severe form called Stevens-Johnson syndrome (lesions on lips)?
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Erythema multiforme
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What infectious disease is caused by Pityrosporum (Malassezia) furfur?
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Pityriasis (Tinea versicolor)
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What infectious disease is solely a cosmetic disease and skin scrapings reveal a spaghetti and meatballs appearance under the microscope?
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Pityriasis (Tinea versicolor)
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What type of infectious disease causes intertrigo, beefy red patches on the skin (white thrush on mucous membranes)? It often occurs in the immunosuppressed.
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Candidiasis caused by C. albicans
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What do you treat Candidiasis with?
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Nystatin
Miconazole (skin) |
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What infectious disease is often caused by Streptococcus pyogenes but can also be caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. multocida and causes a red patch/plaque and edema?
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Cellulitis...
It is S. pyogenes if the ASO titer is positive or it shows anti-dnaB. It is P. multicoda if it is caused by an animal bite. It is a large reddish area that fades into the skin. |
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What do you use to treat cellulitis caused by S. pyogenes?
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penicillin G
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What type of infectious disease is caused by S. pyogenes and is cellulitis with a clear margin?
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Erysipelas
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What infectious disease is characterized by intertrigo, beefy red patches on the skin (white thrush on mucous membranes)? It often occurs in the immunosuppressed?
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Candidiasis caused by C. albicans.
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What do you use to treat Candidiasis?
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Nystatin
Miconazole (skin) |
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What type of infectious disease is caused by S. pyogenes, S. aureus, Ps. aeruginosa, P. multicoda, etc and shows a large reddish area that fades into the skin and causes edema?
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Cellulitis...
S. pyogenes has a positive ASO and shows anti-dnaB P. multocida is caused by an animal bite. |
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What type of infectious disease is caused by strep pyogenes and is cellulitis with a clear margin?
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Erysipelas
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What do you use to treat cellulitis caused by S. pyogenes?
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penicillin G
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What do you use to treat Erysipelas?
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Vancomycin, nafcillin or oxacillin
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What type of disease is caused by Trypanosoma cruzi?
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Chagas' disease
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What infectious disease is spread by the reduvvid bug, occurs in Central and South America, has Romana's sign and results in tissue destruction?
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Chagas' disease
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What type of infectious disease is caused b y S. pyogenes, M. tuberculosis, M. leprae and has hot red plaque/nodules; panniculitis, occurs on the shins and it usually happens to women?
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Erythema nodosum...inflammation is deep and in the fat area.
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What infectious disease is caused by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae and has red-purple nodules? It is usually an occupational disease and it is associated with handling swine, shellfish, or poultry.
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Erysipeloid
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What infectious disease is caused by M. tuberculosis? It starts in the lungs and disseminates to the skin causing brown-red rough papules on the skin. The patient will be PPD test positive.
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Lupus vulgaris
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What infectious disease is caused by S. pyogenes, S. aureus, or Clostridium? It has gas in the tissues so it causes crepitus. There is edema and necrosis, fever, toxemia and it is usually associated with wounds.
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Subcutaneous necrotizing.
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What infectious disease is caused by C. minutissimum (a gram positive rod) and has brown-red patch in moist areas?
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Erythrasma
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What infectious disease is caused by dermatophytes, if you put it in 10% KOH, you see hyphae?
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Tinea (ringworm)
capitus barbae manus cruris unguium |
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How do you treat Tinea?
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with terbinafine
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What infectious disease tends to occur more often in neonates, produces large flaccid bullae, and a positive Nikolsky sign?
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Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome
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What is the etiology of Staphylococcal Scalded Skin Syndrome?
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Staphylococcus aureus produces an exfoliative toxin.
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What infectious disease produces crops of lesions and macules that turn to papules that turn to pustules then crusts and there is a variety of these stages happening at the same time?
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Chickenpox
Concentrated on the trunk Mild in children Severe in adults |
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What causes chickenpox?
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HHV3
VZV, positive Tzanck |
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What infectious disease has vesicles with red areolae on the hands, feet, buttocks, lips and buccal mucusa? It also produces fever malaise, arthralgias, and sore throat and mouth.
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Hand-Foot-and-Mouth
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What is the etiology of Hand-Foot-and-Mouth disease?
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Coxsackie A virus
It is epidemic. |
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What infectious disease produces grayish papule-vesicles on the tonsils, soft palate, uvula and tongue? Other symptoms include fever, sore throat, and headache.
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Herpangina
It occurs with epidemics. Mostly in infants and children. It is caused by Coxsackie A virus and other enteroviruses. |
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What type of infectious disease causes cold sores, gingivostomatitis, balanitis, vulvovaginitis, keratoconjuctivitis, and gladiatorum?
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Herpes skin infections
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What type of infectious disease is a latent virus, often sticking around in the trigeminal ganglion, recurs and is Tzanck test positive?
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Herpes skin infections
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What do you use to treat Herpes skin infections?
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acyclovir
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What type of infectious disease is dermatomal chickenpox and is painful? It occurs in patients that are usually between the ages of 50 and 80 years old. This is also Tzanck test positive and involves painful postherpetic neuralgia.
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Herpes Zoster (Varicella zoster virus).
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What do you treat Herpes zoster with?
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acyclovir
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What is the infectious disease that is a centrifugal macular rash (more on the extremities than centrally located)? It scabs rapidly and causes fever. It often has a secondary Staph infection.
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Smallpox
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What type of infectious disease is also called variola, the virus is brick-shaped, and is spread via droplets or skin lesions?
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Smallpox
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What infectious disease is characterized by Guarnieri bodies?
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Smallpox
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What infectious disease is a select agent (A) bioterrorism agent?
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Smallpox
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What antibiotic do you use to treat smallpox?
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Cidovir
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What is an infectious disease that is characterized by vesicles on the finger and is pustular? The patient is typically a child sucking on his thumb or a dentist sticking his finger in a patient's mouth.
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Herpetic Whitlow caused by the herpes simplex virus
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What infectious disease is caused by hot tub use, poor hygiene at hair follicles? It can involve larger lesions (boils) and clusters of boils at the nape of the neck (carbuncle). It is often caused by Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas.
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Folliculitis, Furunculosis, and Carbunculosis
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What infectious disease is characterized by inflammatory papules, pustules and nodules on the face upper chest, and back?
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Acne
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What are the agents that cause acne?
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Propionibacterium acnes
Staphylococcus epidermidis |
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What is an infectious disease that is characterized by inflammation of the pilosebaceous unit?
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Acne...
If the comedo is closed it is a whitehead. If it is open it is a blackhead. |
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What antibiotics do you use to treat acne?
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Tetracycline or erythromycin
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What is an infectious disease that is characterized by infected sweat gland and becomes a cyst or an abscess and is located in the axillary or perianal region?
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Hidradenitis suppurativa
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What is the etiology of Hidradenitis suppurativa?
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Staphylococcus aureus
sometimes Streptococcus Proteus |
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What is an infectious disease that is a red-to-purple, tender papule that becomes an umbilicated pustule? It is occupational and often occurs when working with sheep.
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Orf...Orf virus (sheep poxvirus)
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What infectious disease is characterized by a few widespread pustules and is disseminated from gonorrhea? It also causes purulent arthritis, fever, chills and leukocytosis.
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Gonococcemia
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What is the etiology of gonococcemia?
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N. gonorrhoeae
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What antibiotic is used to treat gonococcemia?
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Ceftriaxone
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What infectious disease occurs as a carbuncle-like growth on the scalp or beard and is often suppurating?
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Kerion
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What is the organism that causes Kerion?
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Trichophyton
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What is the antibiotic used to treat kerion?
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Griseofulvin
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What is the sympathetic region for: HEENT?
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T1-T4
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What is the sympathetic region for: Heart/Lungs?
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T1-T6
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What is the sympathetic region for: Upper extremities and esophagus?
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T2-T8
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What is the sympathetic region for: Upper GI, stomach, liver, gallbladder spleen and small intestines?
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T5-T9
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What is the sympathetic region for: middle GI, ovaries/testes, kidney?
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T10-T11
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What is the sympathetic region for: Lower GI, rectum, bladder, uterus/prostate?
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T12-L2
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What is the sympathetic region for: Lower extremities?
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T11-T12
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What is the sympathetic region for: Generalized complaint?
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T1-L2
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What is the sympathetic region for: Local complaint
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Focal, adjacent to complaint...near area of symptomatology
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: HEENT?
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Cervical lymph nodes
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: Upper extremities, chest?
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Axillary lymph nodes
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: Lower extremities, pelvic organs?
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Inguinal lymph nodes
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: abdomen?
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Preaortic lymph nodes
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: HEENT, Chest?
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Supraclavicular lymph nodes
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: Abdominal Diaphragm?
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C3-C5
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: Thoracic duct?
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Thoracic inlet
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: cisterna chyla/thoracic duct?
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Abdominal diaphragm
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What lymph nodes do you palpate when checking this region of chief complaint: spleen?
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Spleen
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What are the somatotopic relationships to autonomic function ,for the head and neck?
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CN III, VII, IX
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What infectious disease is caused by streptococcus, other bacteria, fungi, and rickettsiae, infects heart valves and produces fever, chills, fatigue, malaise, anorexia, weight loss, arthralgias, myalgias, stroke, heart murmur, and splenomegaly?
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Infective endocarditis
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What produces the skin lesions when a patient has infective endocarditis?
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Immune complex vasculitis or septic emboli produce evanescent skin lesions. They occur more often in subacute IE. Petechiae (conjunctivae, buccal mucosa or palate, upper chest and extremities).
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When a patient has the following symptoms, what do they probably have: splinter hemorrhages, Osler's nodes, (finger/toe pads) and Janeway lesions (palms/soles)?
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Infective endocarditis
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What infectious disease is a Neisseria meningitidis sepsis that produces erythematous macules, petechiae, purpura and eccymoses, usually on the trunk and legs?
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Meningococcemia
Other symptoms include fever, weakness, headache, malaise, hypotension and DIC. |
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How do you treat Meningococcemia?
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with Penicillin G or Ceftriaxone
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What infectious disease is caused by yersinia pestis?
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Plague
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What bacteria is gram negative, has a safety pin appearance and causes plague?
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Yersinia pestis
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What disease is characterized by rodent-flea infection cycle; flea bite leads to buboe formation (painful, tender, enlarged lymph nodes...usually inguinal and axillary adenitis and periadenitis)?
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Plague
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What symptoms are more serious and suggest setpicemic plague?
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Purpura and eccymoses
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What type of plague is more serious and fatal?
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Pneumonic plague
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What antibiotics are used to treat bubonic plague?
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streptomycin or gentamicin
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What infectious disease has the Aedes mosquito as the vector and is found in the Caribbean, Pacific, southeast asia and mexico?
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Dengue
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What type of infection has the following symptoms: fever and transient rash followed by morbilliform or scarlatiniform rash on the chest that spreads to the extremities? The rash spreads centrifugally becoming petechial late.
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Classic dengue fever
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What type of infection shows more hemorrhagic manifestations (petechiae, purpura, or eccymoses), fever, hepatomegaly, circulatory failure?
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Dengue hemorrhagic fever
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What infection is associated with the Tourniquet test and serology?
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Dengue
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What infectious disease is caused by Rickettsia prowazeki?
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Epidemic typhus fever
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What infectious disease is epidemic, Pediculus humanus borne, with small, pink macules that spread from axillae/upper trunk to body but not he face? The rash becomes petechial and hemorrhagic with infarcts that turn to gangrene. Prolonged high fever and intractable headache precedes the rash. Major organ involvement.
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Epidemic typhus fever
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What antibiotic is used to treat epidemic typhus fever?
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Doxycycline
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What infectious disease is spread by Latrodectus mactans and within 40 minutes of the bite the bite site is painful, swollen and purpuric?
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Black widow spider bite
Abd pain: 100% HTN: 92% Muscle complaints: 75% a target lesion: 75% Irritability/agitation: 66% There is a relief of symptoms within 24 hours. |
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What type of infectious disease is caused by Cimex and has 2-3 bites in a line on the face, neck, hands or arms?
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Bedbug bite; May see urticarial. Adults, eggs or larval forms in bedding are best found at night.
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What is the most common cause of a burn or wound infection?
|
S. aureus
(mannitol salt agar positive) |
|
|
What agent causes a burn or wound infection when there is green, ecthyma gangrenosum?
|
Ps. aeruginosa
|
|
|
What is a burn or wound infection that involves a foot puncture through tennis shoes?
|
Ps. aeruginosa
|
|
|
What is the most likely cause of a surgical wound infection?
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
What is the most likely cause of an infection due to leaving a catheter in place for greater than 48 hours?
|
Gram-negative rods
|
|
|
What is the most likely cause of infection when a patient has prosthetic heart valves, artificial joints, or plastic devices?
|
S. epidermidis
|
|
|
What is an infection caused by S. pyogenes and/or S. aureus; usually both? It involves vesicles that become purulent that become honey-colored crusts? It involves superficial lesions of face, extremities and is highly contagious.
|
Impetigo
|
|
|
What disease can cause acute glomerular nephritis (M-49, nephritogenic)?
|
Impetigo
|
|
|
What infection begins as a shallow ulcer with a firm border with or without eschar on the extremities and the face? Poor hygiene and warm climates increase incidence. It is seen in the U.S. in Native Americans.
|
Cutaneous Diphtheria
|
|
|
What infection begins as an ulcerated nodule at the site and has symptoms of fever, headache, regional lymphadenopathy? It results from contact with rabbits and ticks and is highly contagious.
|
Tularemia
|
|
|
What is the sera of patients with Tularemia react with?
|
Brucella antigen
|
|
|
What type of infection begins as urticarial to deep necrosis and is ulcerating and painful? It resembles anthrax and has the symptoms of fever, HA, malaise, joint aches, nausea and vomiting.
|
Brown Spider Bite (Loxoscelism) caused by Loxosceles spp.
|
|
|
What infection occurs in the Southeast, the Midwest outdoors or basements, closets and rarely happens in the winter?
|
Brown Spider Bite (Loxoscelism)
|
|
|
What type of spider bite is generally painless and pathology develops over 2 to 3 days?
|
Brown Spider Bite (Loxoscelism)
|
|
|
What type of infection is a spore that enters a skin abrasion and over 1 to 7 days progresses in the following order: macule to papule to pruritic vesicle to necrotic ulcer with eschar?
|
Cutaneous anthrax. It is painless and leaves a scar. There is also fever, lymphadenopathy and malaise. If it disseminates it produces a high fever, hypotension and meningitis.
|
|
|
How are you exposed to cutaneous anthrax?
|
Via animal skins, hides, and bone meal.
|
|
|
What infection has the following characteristics: virulence factor, glutamate capsule?
|
B. anthracis
|
|
|
What antibiotic do you use to treat cutaneous anthrax?
|
Ciprofloxacin
|
|
|
What infection is usually caused by Ps. aeruginosa but other gram negative organisms can cause it as well, and the lesion is hemorrhagic with central necrosis? it resembles anthrax. It is a sign of gram negative sepsis. Patients with diabetes, cystic fibrosis and who are neutropenic are more susceptible.
|
Ecthyma gangrenosum
|
|
|
How do you treat ecthyma gangrenosum?
|
Imipenem and meropenem
|
|
|
What infection is spread via a mite bite, the herald lesion resembles anthrax, and it causes septicemia followed by fever and a single crop rash?
|
Rickettsialpox caused by R. akari. It is an urban disease in U.S., Russia, Korea, Africa and mouse infested homes.
|
|
|
How do you treat Rickettsialpox?
|
with Doxycycline
|
|
|
What infection is caused by Mycobacterium marinum (an acid fast bacilli)?
|
Swimming-pool (fish tank) granuloma
|
|
|
What infection shows granulomatous lesions on extremities (work trauma) and are slow to heal?
|
Swimming-pool (fish-tank) granuloma
|
|
|
What infection is caused by S. schenckii?
|
Sporotrichosis (rose-growers)
|
|
|
What grows on Sabouraud's agar?
|
S. schenckii that causes sporotrichosis
|
|
|
What organism appears as an oval, cigar-shaped yeast?
|
S. schenckii that causes sporotrichosis
|
|
|
What do you treat sporotrichosis with?
|
Itraconazole
|
|
|
What infection is secondary to primary pulmonary disease? It has one type that is mycetoma that involves the foot and hand. It is indurated with multiple sinus tracts and pus.
|
Nocardiosis
|
|
|
What type of infection is painless, ulcerated nodules along or at lymph vessels from initial skin puncture site? The lesions appear 1 to 25 weeks after puncture are chronic and indolent?
|
sporotrichosis
|
|
|
What grows on Sabouraud's agar?
|
S. schenckii that causes sporotrichosis
|
|
|
What organism appears as an oval, cigar-shaped yeast?
|
S. schenckii that causes sporotrichosis
|
|
|
What do you treat sporotrichosis with?
|
Itraconazole
|
|
|
What infection is secondary to primary pulmonary disease? It has one type that is mycetoma that involves the foot and hand. It is indurated with multiple sinus tracts and pus.
|
Nocardiosis
|
|
|
What type of infection do agricultural workers get because they inhale it or are inoculated by the spores?
|
Nocardiosis
|
|
|
What type of infection does the pus contain sulfur granules, weakly gram positive and weakly acid fast bacteria and branching filaments? It is also aearobic.
|
Nocardiosis
|
|
|
What infection is a slow growing, slow disease and can be cultured on Sab-dex agar?
|
Nocardiosis
|
|
|
What infection involves subcutaneous, indurated tissue and granulomatous tissue with abscesses, sinus tracts communicating from the jaw, pelvis and lung or GI to skin?
|
Actinomycosis caused by A. israelii or Propionibacterium
|
|
|
What type of bacterial infection is caused by an anaerobic, filamentous, gram positive that is not acid fast bacteria?
|
Actinomycosis caused by A. israelii or Propionibacterium
|
|
|
What infection causes pustular, nodular, to ulcerated lesions secondary to pulmonary/meningeal disease? It is caused by inhaling the organism from pigeon droppings or soil.
|
Cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans.
|
|
|
What type of infection is caused by an organism that can be cultured on Sab. Dex., and is a yeast with a capsule?
|
Cryptococcosis caused by C. neoformans
|
|
|
What type of infection is an oriental sore caused by ulcerating, furuncle-like nodule that slowly ulcerates is painless and scarring?
|
Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
|
|
|
What is old world leishmaniasis caused by?
|
L. tropica
|
|
|
What is new world leishmaniasis caused by?
|
L. mexicana
|
|
|
What vector spreads leishmaniasis?
|
Sandfly vector
|
|
|
In what regions is leishmaniasis endemic?
|
Mediterranean and Middle East, Asia, Africa, Central and South America (including Mexico and Texico). It is limited to the new world.
|
|
|
What disease has a positive Leishmanin skin test?
|
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
|
|
|
What infection resembles cutaneous lesions but metastasize to nasopharyngeal tissues over serveral years and can cause gross nasal mutilation?
|
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
|
|
|
What causes mucocutaneous leishmaniasis?
|
L. braziliensis
Sandfly vector (Lutzomyia in NW) |
|
|
In what geographical regions does mucocutaneous leishmaniasis exist?
|
Central and South America only
|
|
|
What infection is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans (an acid fast bacterium) and grows only in areas less than 37 degrees?
|
Buruli ulcers, Mycoburuli ulcers
|
|
|
What infection causes large, necrotizing panniculitis at inoculation site and is associated with the tropical, aquatic ecosystem in West Africa, Southeast Asia, Australia and Mexico? It mostly involves children.
|
Buruli ulcers, Mycoburuli ulcers
|
|
|
What infection is caused by Treponema pallidum?
|
primary syphilis
|
|
|
What infection is an STD that has 3 stages and latency? It initially starts with a painless papule that progresses to a painless ulcer (chancre) with an indurated border on the genitalia, rectum or extragenital?
|
Primary syphilis
|
|
|
What do you treat primary syphilis with?
|
Benzathine Penicillin G
|
|
|
What infection is caused by H. ducreyi?
|
Chancroid
|
|
|
What infection is an STD and is painful, suppurating ulcers on the genitalia that are non-indurated with ragged edges? Inguinal suppurating nodes develop.
|
Chancroid
|
|
|
How do you treat chancroid?
|
with Ceftriaxone or Azithromycin
|
|
|
What is caused by C. trachomatis L1, L2, and L3 and is an STD?
|
LGV
|
|
|
What infection is transitory primary lesion followed by suppurative lymphadenitis, lymphangitis and is painful, necrotic, fluctuant nodes with fistula tracts?
|
LGV
|
|
|
What do you treat LGV with?
|
Doxycycline
|
|
|
What is caused by K. granulomatis and is an STD?
|
Granuloma Inguinale
|
|
|
What infection is painless, indurated nodule on external genitalia? The pubis becomes beefy, exuberant, heaped-up ulcer with sharply defined overhanging edge. It occurs in tropical and subtropical areas.
|
Granuloma Inguinale
|
|
|
What infection shows intracellular Donovan bodies?
|
Granuloma Inguinale
|
|
|
What do you treat Granuloma Inguinale with?
|
Doxycycline
|
|
|
What type of ID does the following CSF values indicate? Lymphocytic pleocytosis (>5 cells/microliter) in 95%
PMNs may predominate initially, but switch to lymphocytes will occur within 48 hr Normal glucose slightly elevated protein? |
Viral encephalitis
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of sporadic viral encephalitis?
|
Herpes simplex virus 1
|
|
|
What does RBCs in the CSF after an atraumatic spinal tap indicate?
|
Brain hemorrhages (can be caused by HSV-1)
|
|
|
What is the virus that causes encephalitis with the following symptoms: Repeated seizures early on and 80 to 90% of patients have MRI abnormalities involving the temporal lobes?
|
HSV-1
|
|
|
What type of virus causes Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions?
|
HSV-1
|
|
|
What should you use to treat viral encephalitis caused by HSV-1?
|
Acyclovir
|
|
|
What should you use to treat RMSF?
|
Doxycycline
|
|
|
What is the leading cause of arboviral meningoencephalitis in the US?
|
West Nile virus
|
|
|
What is essential to diagnose West Nile Virus infection?
|
IgM to WNV in CSF; this is better sensitivity than PCR. CSF may show increased numbers of large plasmacytoid cells or Mollaret-like large mononuclear cells. Most patients show CSF lymphocytic predominance.
|
|
|
What virus is an arbovirus of the family flaviviridae, is RNA enveloped icosahedral capsid?
|
WNV
|
|
|
What virus mainly affects person greater than 50 years old and has 10% mortality and causes Viral encephalitis and is a mosquito-borne arbovirus?
|
St. Louis encephalitis virus.
|
|
|
What mosquito-borne arbovirus is the most common cause of pediatric arboviral encephalitis and mainly affects school-age children less than 15 years old?
|
LaCrosse virus
|
|
|
What mosquito-borne arbovirus has the highest mortality rate of all arboviruses and mainly affects the elderly?
|
Eastern equine encephalitis virus (EEE)
|
|
|
What mosquito-borne arbovirus mainly affects children and is usually a mild disease?
|
Western equine encephalitis virus (WEE)
|
|
|
What ID is cytoplasmic inclusion bodies called Negri bodies in the neurons of the brain pathognomonic for?
|
Rabies
|
|
|
What virus is of the family rhabdoviridae and is RNA virus with a bullet-shaped envelope?
|
Rabies virus
|
|
|
What virus is likely to be the cause of encephalitis when the patient is an AIDS patient with a CD4+ count less than 50?
|
Cytomegalovirus
|
|
|
What is a marker of congenital CMV infection?
|
Periventricular calcification
|
|
|
What do you treat viral encephalitis caused by cytomegalovirus with?
|
Ganciclovir and foscarnet
|
|
|
What is the leading cause of brain disease and hearing loss in children?
|
Cytomegalovirus
|
|
|
What is an inflammatory disease in which antibodies specific for viral or mycoplasmal antigens cross-react with myelin to cause demyelination?
|
Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
|
|
|
How do you treat ADEM?
|
with high-dose glucocorticoids; alternatives are plasma exchange or IVIG
|
|
|
What is the most common presentation of meningitis?
|
Headache
|
|
|
What is pathognomonic for meningeal irritation?
|
Nuchal rigidity
|
|
|
What is meningitis with culture-negative CSF?
|
Aseptic meningitis
|
|
|
What type of meningitis does this CSF represent: Normal glucose, Normal to slightly elevated protein, Mononuclear (mostly lymphocyte) pleocytosis?
|
Aseptic meningitis
|
|
|
What type of meningitis is described by meningitis in which organisms are evident upon staining or culturing the CSF?
|
Septic (purulent) meningitis
|
|
|
What type of meningitis is described by the following CSF results: CSF with turbid appearance, HIGH protein, LOW glucose, elevated polymorphonuclear cell (mostly neutrophil) pleocytosis?
|
Septic (purulent) meningitis
|
|
|
What is the most likely cause of community acquired acute bacterial meningitis?
|
1. Streptococcus pneumoniae
2. Neisseria meningitidis 3. Group B Strep 4. Listeria Monocytogenes |
|
|
What is the most likely causes of acute meningitis in neonates and infants less than 1 month old?
|
1. Group B strep (S. agalactiae)
2. E. coli 3. Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
What is the most likely causes of nosocomial acquired acute bacterial meningitis?
|
1. E. coli
2. Klebsiella 3. S. aureus 4. S. epidermidis 5. Enterococci (Enterococcus faecalis) |
|
|
What symptom distinguishes bacterial meningitis from viral meningitis?
|
Altered consciousness...bacterial meningitis causes this.
|
|
|
What is the most common cause of recurrent meningitis in patients with CSF leak after head trauma?
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
What is a lancet-shaped gram-positive diplococcus that is alpha hemolytic and P disc (optochin) sensitive?
|
Streptococcus pneumoniae
|
|
|
What is a gram negative diplococcus that grows on chocolate and thayer-martin agars and is oxidase-positive?
|
Neisseria meningitidis
|
|
|
What disease is hemorrhagic necrosis of the adrenal glands that results in endotoxemic shock, DIC, and widespread vasculitis?
|
Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome
|
|
|
What is a gram-positive diplococcus, beta-hemolytic, CAMP test positive and bacitracin (A disc) resistant?
|
Group B streptococci
|
|
|
What bacteria that causes bacterial meningitis is cold-hardy in foods?
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
What bacteria is gram-positive coccobacillus, non-spore former, tumbling motility in CSF wet mounts and is Beta hemolytic?
|
Listeria monocytogenes
|
|
|
What are lactose fermenting rods that can cause acute bacterial meningitis as a complication of craniotomy?
|
E. coli and Klebsiella
|
|
|
What bacteria ferments mannitol, is catalase positive and coagulase positive and is a gram-positive cocci?
|
S. aureus
|
|
|
What bacteria does not ferment mannitol, is catalase negative, and coagulase negative and gram-positive cocci?
|
S. epidermidis
|
|
|
What bacteria is usually non-hemolytic and grows in 6.5% NaCl?
|
Enterococci
|
|
|
What antibiotic do you give close contacts if N. meningitidis or H. influenzae is suspected?
|
Rifampin
|
|
|
What are the common causes of acute viral meningitis?
|
1. Non-polio enteroviruses (coxsackie, echo, human enteroviruses 68-71)
2. HSV-2 3. Arboviruses 4. HIV |
|
|
What are the less common causes of acute viral meningitis?
|
1. VZV
2. EBV 3. Mumps 4. LCMV |
|
|
What type of meningitis does a patient have if they present with lethargy, but clear mentation, with no focal neurologic findings and no seizures?
|
Viral meningitis
|
|
|
What is the diagnostic test of choice for Non-polio enteroviruses, especially Coxsackie and echoviruses?
|
CSF RT-PCR
|
|
|
What is a single-stranded RNA; naked icosahedral capsid?
|
Non-polio enteroviruses, especially Coxsackie and echoviruses
|
|
|
What type of herpes virus usually causes meningitis and what type usually causes encephalitis?
|
HSV2 usually causes meningitis and HSV1 usually causes encephalitis.
|
|
|
What virus is part of the herpesviridae family and is DNA enveloped icosahedral capsule?
|
HSV2
|
|
|
What type of virus are cranial nerve palsies (V, VII and VIII) more common with?
|
HIV
|
|
|
What virus is part of the retroviridae family and is segmented RNA enveloped icosahedral capsid?
|
HIV
|
|
|
With what infectious disease may a patient by heterophile positive and it also shows atypical lymphocytes (Downey cells) in CSF or blood?
|
EBV (causing viral meningitis)
|
|
|
What virus is part of the paramyxoviridae family and is a RNNA enveloped helical capsid?
|
Mumps virus
|
|
|
What virus is transmitted in rodent urine, especially mice and pet hamsters? It causes rash, alopecia, parotitis, orchitis.
|
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus
|
|
|
What virus is part of the family arenaviridae and is segmented RNA and enveloped helical capsid?
|
LCMV
|
|
|
What is the diagnostic procedure of choice for viral meningitis?
|
PCR of viral nucleic acid from CSF
|
|
|
What are the main causes of subacute meningitis?
|
1. Mycobacterium tuberculosis
2. Cryptococcus neoformans 3. Histoplasma capsulatum 4. Coccidoides immitis 5. Treponema pallidum |
|
|
What cause of subacute meningitis is associated with night sweats?
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
|
What cause of subacute meningitis is associated with low chloride and acid fast bacilli?
|
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
|
|
|
What do you treat tuberculous meningitis with?
|
Isoniazid, rifampin, pyrazinamide, and ethambutol
|
|
|
What do you use to treat cryptococcal meningitis?
|
amphotericin B with or without flucytosine; maintenance on fluconazole
|
|
|
What do you treat treponemal meningitis with?
|
penicillin
|
|
|
What virus causes progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy resembling dementia?
|
JC Polyomavirus
|
|
|
What is the best way to diagnose chronic encephalitis caused by the JC virus?
|
PCR of the CSF
|
|
|
What virus is part of the papovaviridae family and is DNA, naked icosahedral capsid?
|
JC Polyomavirus
|
|
|
What virus can cause subacute sclerosing panencephalitis?
|
Measles virus
|
|
|
Other than SSPE, what is the other type of encephalitis that measles virus can cause?
|
Postinfectious encephalitis (a form of ADEM)
|
|
|
What is the virus that is a rubeola virus from the family paramyxoviridae and is RNA and enveloped?
|
Measles virus
|
|
|
What virus is a rubivirus from the family togaviridae and is a single stranded RNA enveloped icosahedral capsid?
|
Rubella virus
|
|
|
What are the most likely causes of intracranial abscess in immunocompetent persons?
|
1. Streptococcus spp.
2. Anaerobes (Bacteroides, Fusobacterium) 3. Enterobacteriacaeae (proteus, e. coli, klebsiella) and 4. Staphylococci |
|
|
What are the most likely causes of intracranial abscess in the immunocompromised?
|
1. Nocardia
2. Toxoplasma gondii 3. Aspergillus 4. Candida5Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
|
What is the most common cause of intracranial abscess worldwide?
|
Taenia solium
|
|
|
What treatment for community-acquired intracranial abscess?
|
Cefotaxime or Ceftriaxone + metronidazole
|
|
|
What treatment for intracranial abscess caused by head trauma?
|
Ceftazidime + vancomycin
|
|
|
What treatment do you use for intracranial abscess caused by taenia solium?
|
albendazole and praziquantel
|
|
|
What do you use to treat toxoplasma gondii?
|
sulfadiazine and pyrimethamine
|
|
|
What do you treat early infection by Borrelia burgdorferi with?
|
Doxycycline (adults)
Amoxicillin (children) |
|
|
What do you treat CNS infection caused by Borrelia burgdorferi with?
|
Ceftriaxone
|
|
|
What is an anaerobic, Gram-positive, motile, spore-forming, tennis racket-shaped rod?
|
Clostridium tetani
|
