Infectious Disease Summary14

Front 1

Currentlt, Gonorrhea is the most prevalent infectious disease in the US. TRUE/FALSE

Back 1

TRUE.

Front 2

What is the etiologic agent?

Back 2

The Gram neg. diplococcus Neisseria gonorrhea.
The organism attaches to the epithelial cells of the male and female urethra causing urethritis.

Front 3

How does transmission occur?

Back 3

During sexual contact. Males may exhibit more symptoms than females.

Front 4

Males may present with painful urination. TRUE/FALSE

Back 4

TRUE. A whitish discharge may present as well.

Front 5

How is Gonorrhea treated?

Back 5

Penicillin, Tetracycline are among some of the employed antibiotics.

Front 6

What are some complications of Gonorrhea?

Back 6

It may involve many organs.
Females- the fallopian tubes may be blocked with scar tissue, preventing egg passage and resulting in sterility.

Front 7

What complications may occur in males?

Back 7

The epididymis and vas deferens may be blocked in males.

Front 8

Females may suffer as well from Pelvic inflammatory disease. TRUE/FALSE

Back 8

TRUE.

Front 9

Can newborns suffer from infection?

Back 9

Yes. Those infected are subjected to N. gonorrheae during passage through the birth canal. Eye infections are likely in such cases. (Gonococcal opthalmia).

Front 10

What is the treatment for Gonococcal opthalmia?

Back 10

Silver nitrate and or erythromycin shortly after birth prevents infection.

Front 11

What is Chlamydia?

Back 11

It is a gonorrhea like infection called chalmydia, and is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis, and is a member of the chlamydial bacterial group.

Front 12

What is the disease called sometimes?

Back 12

Nongonococcal urethritis to distinguish it from Gonorrhea.

Front 13

What accompanies this disease?

Back 13

it is accompanied by pain during urination, a frequent desire to urinate, and a watery discharge.

Front 14

Tetracycline is used for therapy.True/False

Back 14

True. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease may complicate the condition.

Front 15

What causes Mycoplasmal and Ureaplasmal urethritis?

Back 15

By Mycoplasma hominis, and Ureaplasma urealyticum respectively.

Front 16

Both of the above organisms cause infection of the urethra, with symptoms similar to those of Gonorrhea and Chlamydia. TRUE/FALSE

Back 16

TRUE

Front 17

What is the usual course of treatment?

Back 17

Tetracycline. PID may complicate the disease.

Front 18

Syphilis was once known by another name. What was it.

Back 18

The Great Pox.

Front 19

What is the etiologic agent?

Back 19

It is a spirochete, Treponema pallidum.

Front 20

How is it transmitted?

Back 20

By sexual contact. The disease is considered a three tier or stage disease.

Front 21

What is the primary stage?

Back 21

This is accompanied by a chancre, a crusty, hard sore which occurs at the site of infection.

Front 22

How might stage 1 be diagnosed?

Back 22

Spirochetes observed from the chancre constitute the diagnosis.

Front 23

Can Penicillin be used for a stage 1 therapy?

Back 23

Yes.

Front 24

When might the secondary stage appear?

Back 24

It may occur several weeks after the chancre fades. An influenza respiratory like period appears, a skin rash over the body surface withspirochete laden lesions(Pox), loss of hair and mild fever.

Front 25

Treatment usually continues to be succesful at this stage. TRUE/FALSE

Back 25

TRUE. However, a latent period may follow, and some cases continue into a tertiary stage.

Front 26

What is the tertiary stage?

Back 26

This stage is probably an immunological reaction. It is characterized by gummy, rubbery masses of damaged tissues called gummas that occur in the nervous and cardiovascular systems.

Front 27

What may occur in the the more advanced severe cases?

Back 27

Aneurysms and paralysis may develop and mental deficiencies may become severe. Treatment is less assured at this stage.

Front 28

What is Congenital syphilis?

Back 28

This may occur if spirochetes pass between a pregnant women and her fetus.
A variety of diagnostic tests exist for both spirochetes and antibodies.

Front 29

What is Chancroid?

Back 29

Infection of the reproductive tract may be due to Haemophilus ducreyi. It is caused by a small Gram neg. rod. It is an STD and is called a chancroid.

Front 30

What are signs or symptoms?

Back 30

Swollen painful ulcer of the genital organs, with lymph node infection. These are referred to as buboes.
It is a soft chancre.

Front 31

Can Chancroid be treated with tetracycline?

Back 31

Yes. Sexual contact is transmissional.

Front 32

What may cause vaginitis?

Back 32

Though quite a few organisms may be involved, Gardnerella vaginalis is a common bacterial cause.
It is a Gram neg. rod commonly found in the vaginaopportunistically.

Front 33

Can this bacteria destroy resident vaginal bacteria?

Back 33

Yes. Lactobacilli which are normally found in the vagina may be destroyed by this organism. Excessive antibiotic use may have the same effect on resident vaginal bacteria.

Front 34

How is therapy approached?

Back 34

Metronidazole.

Front 35

What causes Lymphogranuloma venereum?

Back 35

Chlamydia trachomatis.

Front 36

In L. venereum lesions at the infection site followed by swollen lymph nodes may occur. TRUE/FALSE

Back 36

TRUE. Sexual contact is transmissional, and tetracycline is employed for therapy.

Front 37

What is genital herpes?

Back 37

The herpes simplex virus is the cause. The virus is a DNA icosahedral virion.

Front 38

Is this a type 2 herpes infection?

Back 38

Yes. Type 1 is the oral-labial form.

Front 39

What other symptoms occur?

Back 39

Painful urination accompanies the disease and fluid filled vesicles occur on the genital organs.

Front 40

Is treatment available?

Back 40

Acyclovir appears to be a successful therapeutic regimen.

Front 41

Can newborns be infected?

Back 41

It can occur during birth. It(virus) can cross the placenta and affect the fetus even before birth.

Front 42

Is Genital warts considered a viral disease?

Back 42

Yes.Most cases are due to Papillomavirus, which possess DNA.

Front 43

Warts may be smooth or have asymetric edges. TRUE/FALSE

Back 43

TRUE.

Front 44

Is there another name used for this condition?

Back 44

Condyloma acuminatum.
Cervical cancers have been implicated as a result of this virus.

Front 45

Is there a treatment?

Back 45

Excision of warts.
Papilloma virus vaccine(Gardasol) is available as vaccine for young women.

Front 46

What is Candidiasis(Yeast disease)?

Back 46

It is a fungal disease of the reproductive tract caused by Candidia albicans. Candida can infect as well other regions of the body.

Front 47

What happens during infection?

Back 47

They accompany destruction of the local population of bacteria often related to overuse of antibiotics.

Front 48

Are Candidiasis lesions similar in other forms of the disease?

Back 48

Yes.Lesions, such as those seen in thrush(oral candidiasis) as well as severe pruritus and a yellowish cheesy discharge may be noted.

Front 49

What is the treatment?

Back 49

Nystatin, Clotrimazole and Miconazol.

Front 50

Is there a protozoal disease of the reproductive tract?

Back 50

Yes. The only one is Trichomonas vaginalis. It is a flagellate. It grows along the mucosa of the reproductive tract.

Front 51

What are the symptoms of Trichomoniasis?

Back 51

Internal discomfort and a profuse greenish- yellow foul smelling discharge.

Front 52

Can the organism be observed?

Back 52

Yes. In the urine and discharge specimens.

Front 53

Is there a treatment protocol?

Back 53

Yes. Metronidazol(Flagyl).