Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
77 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Radiological Test and Infectious Disease
|
Never the most accurate Test
|
|
|
Risk Factors and Individual Presentation for Disease
|
Individual presentaiton more important than risk factors when deciding diagnosis.
|
|
|
Most Efficous Antibiotic Class
|
Beta Lactams
|
|
|
Types of Beta Lactams
|
Penicillins. Cephlasporins. Carbepenems. Azeotram.
|
|
|
Penicillin Coverage
|
Streptococci. Strep pyogenes. Oral anaerobes. Syphillis. Leptosporia.
|
|
|
Amoxicillin Coverage
|
H. influenza. E. coli. Listera. Proteus. Salmonella.
|
|
|
Penicillins Best Initial Treatment For
|
Lyme disease (up to CNVII involvment). Otitis media. UTI in pregnant women. Dental infection. Listeria monocytogenes. Enterococcal infection.
|
|
|
Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins
|
Oxacillin. Cloxacillin. Dicoloxacillin. Naficillin.
|
|
|
Peniciilinase Resistant Penicillins Used to Treat
|
Skin infections. Endocarditis and meningits from staphylcocci. Osteomyelitis if sensitive organism.
|
|
|
Methacillin and Treatment
|
Never used because it causes renal failure from allergic interstial nephritis.
|
|
|
Penicillinase Sensitive Penicillins
|
Piperacillin. Ticarcillin. Azlocillin. Mezocillin.
Used with tazobactam or clavulanic acid. |
|
|
Penicillinase Sensitive Penicillins Treatment
|
Cholecytisi. Pyelonephritis. Bactemia. HAP and VAP. Neutropenia and fever.
|
|
|
Organisms Resitant to Cephalasporins
|
Lister. Entercocci. MRSA
|
|
|
Case Describes Rash with Penicillin Treatment Alternat Treatment is
|
Cephlasporins
|
|
|
Case Describes Anaphylaxis with Penicllin Treatment Alterant Treatement is
|
Another class of drugs.
|
|
|
First Generation Celphlasporin Treatment
|
If methacillin resistant than resistant. Streptococci. E. Coli. Osteomyelitis. Septic arthritis. Endocaridtis. Cellulitis
|
|
|
Second Geneartion Cephlasporins Treatment
|
Cover First generation. Anaerobes. More gram negative bacilli.
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone
|
Is a third generation cephlasporin used for the fist line treatment of pneumococcus. Also used in meningiits. CAP with macrolides. Gonorrhea. Lyme disease heart and brain.
|
|
|
Ceftriaxone and Neonates
|
Do not use as it impaires bilary metabolism.
|
|
|
Cefotaxime
|
Third gen better for neonates. Used in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.
|
|
|
Ceftazidime
|
Third gen that has better pseudomonal coverage.
|
|
|
Cefipime
|
4th generation that is used in neutropenia and fever and VAP.
|
|
|
Carbepenems
|
Are beta lactams that include impipenem meropenem. Ertapenem. Doripenem.
|
|
|
Treatment with Carbpenems
|
Used to treat neutropenia and fever. Cover restiant strep and staphylcoci, gram negative bacilli, and anaerobes.
|
|
|
Aztreonam
|
Is monobactam used to treat gram negative bacilli including pseudomonas. No cross reaction with penicllin.
|
|
|
Fluorquinolones and Pneumonia
|
Best therapy for CAP.
|
|
|
Fluorqinolone Cystis Treatment
|
Ciprofloxacin best. Moxifloxacin can not enter.
|
|
|
Moxiflacin and Diveriticulitis
|
Can be used alone as it is the only fluorquinolone that is active against anaerobes. Others need metronidazole.
|
|
|
ADE of Fluorquinolones
|
Tendon rupture. Bone growth abnormalities.
|
|
|
Aminoglycosides
|
Gentamycin. Tobramycin. Amikacin.
|
|
|
Aminoglycosides Treatment
|
Gram negative bacteria. Need oxygen to work so anaerobes. Synergistically with beta lactams for staphyl or enterococci.
|
|
|
Aminoglycosides ADE
|
Nephrotoxic. Ototoxic.
|
|
|
Doxycycline
|
Is a tetracycline that treats intracellular ogranisms like chlamydia, lyme disease early, rickettsia, syphillis if allergic to penicillin, erchilia, and mycoplasma.
|
|
|
Doxycline ADE
|
Tooth discolaration, fanconi syndrome. Photosensitivity. Esophagitis/ulcer.
|
|
|
Bactrim
|
Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxoazole is a DHFR inhibitor used to treat cystitis, PCP treatment and prophylaxisis, MRSA of soft tissue.
|
|
|
Bactrim ADE
|
Rash. G6PD deficiency hemolysis. Bone marrow suppresion.
|
|
|
Beta lactamase
|
Added to penicillins to add coverage for staphylcocci.
|
|
|
Best Initial Treatment for Staphylcocci and Streptocci.
|
Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins. First gen cephlasporins. Fluoroquinolones.
Macrolides are third line due to low efficacy. |
|
|
Best Initial Treatment for MRSA
|
Vancomycin. Linezolid, Dapytomycin. Tigecycline.
|
|
|
ADE of LInezolid
|
Bone marrow suppresion.
|
|
|
ADE of Daptomycin
|
Elevated CPK.
|
|
|
MRSA Skin Infection Treatment
|
TMP/SMX. Clindamycin. Doxycline.
|
|
|
Anerobe Oral Treatment
|
Pencillin. Clindamycin.
|
|
|
Abdominal Anaerobe Infection
|
Metronidazole.
|
|
|
Gram Negative Bacilli Treatment
|
Quinolones. Aminoglycosides. Piperacillin, ticarcacillin. Cephlosporins. Carbapenems. Aztreonam.
|
|
|
Clinical Presenation of of CNS Infections
|
Nausea, vomiting, fever and headache. All can lead to seizures.
|
|
|
CNS Infection and Confusion
|
Encephalitis.
|
|
|
CNS Infection and Focal Neuronal Deficit
|
Abscess
|
|
|
Mengitis Common Pathogens
|
Strep pneumonia. Niseera Meningitis. H. influenza. Listera.
|
|
|
Clinical PResenation of Meningits
|
Fever, headache, and stiff neck. If confusion can not answer with out CT.
|
|
|
Mengitis and AIDS < 100 CD4
|
Cryptococcus
|
|
|
Mengitis with Target shaped rash and Join pain
|
Lyme disease. 10-100 lymphocyte. Protein increased, glucose elevated negative culture
|
|
|
Mengitis with Rash started on Arms moves to trunk
|
Rickettsia
|
|
|
Meningits and Peticheal Rash
|
Neissera. LP elevated protein, decrased glucose cells in 1000s
|
|
|
LP vs. CT scan as First Step
|
Answser CT scan first when papilledema, seizures, focal neuro abnormalities, and confusion present as there could be a space occupying lesion. Start antibiotics first if LP is contraindicated.
|
|
|
Confused and Neuro Exam
|
Neuro exam can not be performed if patient is confused.
|
|
|
When is Bacterial Antigen Detection Indicated
|
When Antibiotics are given prior to LP and culture may be falsely negative.
|
|
|
TB Most Specific Test for Meningitis
|
Acid Fast Stain and Culture on 3 high volume LP
|
|
|
Lyme and Rickettsia Test for Menigitis
|
Serologic testing. ELISA, Western Blot. PCR.
|
|
|
Best Initial Treatment for Bacterial Meningitis
|
Ceftriaxone. Vancomycin. Steroids (only lowers mortality in S. pneumo)
Base treatment off cell count. |
|
|
Listeria Risk Factors for Treatment of Meningits
|
Must add penicillin to treatment if elderly, neonate, AIDS, Steroid, Immunocompromised. Pregnant.
|
|
|
Prophylaxis and Nisseria meningitis
|
Give to close contacts, kissing and food sharing, rifampin or ciprofloxacin.
|
|
|
Most Common Neurological Deficit of Untreated Bacterial Meningits
|
Deafness
|
|
|
Most Common Causes of Encephalitis
|
Herpes simplex virus
|
|
|
Clinical Presentation of Encephalitis and Best Initial Step
|
Fever and confusion. CT scan.
|
|
|
Most Accurate Test of HSV Encephalits
|
PCR of CSF
|
|
|
Treatment for HSV Encephalitis
|
Acyclovir. Reistant give Foscarnet.
|
|
|
Most Sensitive Sign of Otitis Media
|
Immobility.
|
|
|
Best Initial Treatment of Otitis Media
|
Amoxicillin. If resistant amox/clavulanate, Cefuroxamine. CIpro.
|
|
|
Most Accurate Test for Sinusitis
|
Sinus biopsy or aspirate. CULUTRE IS ALWAYS WRONG.
Only needed however if reccurant or reistant sinusitis. |
|
|
Clinical Presenation of Pharyngitis
|
Pain on swallowing. Enlarge lymph node, exudate in the pharynx. Fever. NO COUGH or HOARSENESS.
|
|
|
Best Initial Step in Pharyngitis
|
Rapid angitgen test for GAS. If positive culture throat.
|
|
|
Treatment of Pharyngitis
|
Penicillin or amoxicillin. Cephalexin in rash to penicllin. Clindamycin or macrolide.
|
|
|
Clinical Presenation of Influenza
|
Fever. Cough. Myalgias. Headache soar throat.
|
|
|
Treatment of Influenza
|
Within 48hrs osetalmivir.
After supportive. |
|
|
Infectious Diarrhea and Yersina
|
Affinity for iron seen hemacromatosis.
|
|
|
No Blood In sool Pathogens
|
Viral. Giardia. Cyrptosporidois. Bacillus cerus (vomiting). Staphylcoccus (vomiting).
|
