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59 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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This gram - bacteria is associated with peritonitis, abdominal abscess, and sepsis.
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BACTEROIDES FRAGILIS
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B. Fragilis is the normal inhabitant of what?
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Human colon
PREDOMINANT ANAEROBE |
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Which bacteria has a cell wall with LPS that is LESS toxic than others?
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B. Fragilis
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Predisposing factors to B. fragilis infection are...
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1. Bowel surgery
2. Penetrating abdominal wounds 3. Bowel perforation (DIVERTICULITIS) |
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B. fragilis is a gram - bacteria that is associated with production of what?
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Succinic acid
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On anaerobic culture, B. fragilis grows as what?
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Black pigmented colonies on bile esculin agar.
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Treament of B. fragilis?
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1. Metronidazole (Flagyl)
2. Imipenem 3. Piperacillin/Tazobactam 4. SURGICAL DEBRIDEMENT |
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Prevention of B. fragilis can be achieved with what?
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Perioperative cefoxitin
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What allows B. fragilis to survive in the presence of oxygen?
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Superoxide dismutase
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How many stages of syphillis are there?
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3
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What stage of syphillis does the following describe?
Patient is 20 years old and presents with a painless penile ulcer, nontender regional lymphadenopathy, and a + serological test? |
PRIMARY SYPHILLIS
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Treponema pallidum causes what?
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Syphillis
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What is the incubation range of a primary syphillis lesion?
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3-90 days
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If the primary syphillis is not treated, how long before secondary syphillis develops?
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6-8 weeks
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Involvement of the skin & mucous membranes
Generalized lymphadenopathy Skin lesions: red/brown hyperpigmented macules on palms/soles Spirochetes on dark-field microscopy Mucous patches Systemic symptoms (malaise, fever, anorexia, sore throat, arthralgia) |
Secondary syphillis
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Relapsing syphillis occurs within...
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1st year of infection
Period after secondary lesions disappear and before appearance of tertiary symptoms |
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Gumma is related to what stage of syphillis infection?
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TERTIARY
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You should perform WHAT in patients with latent or unknown duration of syphillis?
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LP
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Increased CSF WBC, Protein, and a + VDRL indicate what?
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Neurosyphillis
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How do you treat syphillis?
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PENICILLIN!!!!!!
If allergic: erythromycin or tetracycline |
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Syphillis is becoming linked to what disease?
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HIV
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The organisms behind whooping cough?
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Bordetella pertussis
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Where is B. pertussis found?
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Human respiratory tract
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Treatment of B. pertussis?
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Erythromycin
Azithromycin |
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The pertussis toxin produces how many toxins?
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2:
Subunit A: ADP-ribosylating activity Subunit B: binds to cell surface receptor |
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What organism is associated with Bordet-Gengou agar?
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B. pertussis
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This gram + organism has its habitat in the human oropharynx.
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Viridans Streptococcus
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Viridans streptococcus causes what disease?
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ENDOCARDITIS
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Describe what you would see on a slide of Viridans streptococcus.
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Gram + Staphylococci
Alpha-hemolytic Catalase - |
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Compare and contrast diagnosis of Viridans streptococcus and pneumococci.
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Viridans:
- Growth not inhibited by bile or optochin UNLIKE pneumococci |
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Treatment of Viridans streptococcus?
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PCN G (+/- Aminoglycoside)
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Which bacteria is associated with bacteremia from dental procedures and can be prevented with prophylactic PCN?
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Viridans streptococci (S. sanguis or S. mutans)
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This intestinal protozoan is associated with amebic dysentery and liver abscesss.
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Transmission of E. histolytica?
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Fecal-Oral
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Where are trophozoite cysts (E. histolytica) formed?
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Colon
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Teardrop ulcer associated with what organism?
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Entamoeba histolytica
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Treatment of E. histolytica?
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Metronidazole + Iodoquinol
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Two hikers present with diarrhea.
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Giardia lamblia
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Transmission of G. lamblia?
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Fecal oral
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Do G. lamblia trophozoites invade intestinal wall?
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NO- do attach to the wall
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Treatment of G. lamblia?
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Metronidazole
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Streptococcus faecalis is found in what habitat?
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Human colon
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This organism grows in 6.5% NaCl and hydrolyzes esculin in the presence of 40% bile.
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S. faecalis
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S. faecalis may cause what 2 conditions?
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UTI
Biliary tract infections |
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Treatment of S. faecalis?
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PCN AND aminoglycoside. HAS TO BE BOTH!!!
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Which trypanosomiasis d/o is associated with S. America?
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Chagas disease
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Which trypanosomiasis d/o is associated with Africa?
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Sleeping sickness
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High fever, weakness, H/A, joint pains, and pruritus are the main clinical signs of what?
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Human trypanosomiasis
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Chagas disease is associated with what 2 diseases?
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Myocarditis
Megacolon |
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Enterobiasis is the cause of what?
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Pinworms
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Pinworm infection is via?
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Fecal oral transmission
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How do you diagnose pinworms?
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Application of cellophane tape to anus and microscopic exam for ova.
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Treatment of pinworms?
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Mebendazole 100 mg ONCE
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This organism is a common cause of the nosocomial infections: pneumonia, UTI, and bacteremia.
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Pseudomonas
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This organism produces a blue-green pigment pyocyanin.
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Pseudomonas
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Pseudomonas produces a characteristic...
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sweet odor.
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What is unique regarding the virulence of Pseudomonas?
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Produces extracellular proteases that assist in bacterial adherence and invasion.
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Treatment of Pseudomonas includes:
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PCN or cephalosporin + Aminoglycoside or Fluoroquinolone
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This gram negative bacillus has a prominent polysaccharide capsule.
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Klebsiella pneumoniae
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