Infectious Disease

Front 1

What is the most common organism in the vaginal flora and how does it inhibit other organisms growth

Back 1

Lactobacillus acidophilus

Converts glucose to lactic acid --> hostile environment

Front 2

What is the most common co-infection with gonorrhoea and its prevalence

Back 2

clamydia

5% of gonorrhoea infections

Front 3

what are the complications of infection with chlamydia and how are they caused

Back 3

pelvic inflammatory disease, infertility (form scarring), chronic pain and ecotopic pregnancy

Damage is due to chronic immune activation due to infection, not due to chlamydia trachomatis

Front 4

what are the symptoms of chlamydia in men and women

Back 4

it is asymptomatic in 75% of women - presents with pain and mucropurulent discharge if symptoms

Men - 50% of time symptomatic - urethritis, white discharge, dysuria

Front 5

what are the symptoms of gonorrhoea infection

Back 5

50% of women have symptoms - purlent vagina d/c, pelvic pain

men present with penile discharge and dysuria

Front 6

what are the complications of gonorrhoea and why are they formed

Back 6

pelvic inflammatory disease (10-20%) of time, infertility, chronic pelvic pain, blood stream infections (1-3%) --> septic arthritis

Damage mainly due to chronic immune activation

Front 7

can gonorrhoea be transmitted vertically and if so what is a complication

Back 7

yes

ophthalmia neonatorum

Front 8

what is the infectious agent in syphillis and how many of them does it take to innoculate 50% of people

Back 8

treponema pallidum

60 organisms

Front 9

what are the three stages of syphilis infection

Back 9

Primary stage
Single firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration oncervix, labia, urethra, penis at site ofinoculation. (Primary lesion called primary chancre)

Secondary stage:

If the primary notcleared, 7-10 weeks later treponemes spread systemically)
Genital warts, diffuse rash involvingpalms of hands/soles of feet, general malaise

Tertiary stage:

In 3-30years, if not cleared

Symptoms from constant activation of immune system andthus damage:
Neuro (dementia, psychosis)
CVS syphilis --> symptoms (aortic regurg),Gummas (soft, non-cancerous, granulomatous necrotic ulcerated growth on skinor organ tissue)

Front 10

what are the 2 very high risk forms of HPV, the two high risk forms and the two low risk forms

Back 10

16, 18 --> 64-79% of cervical cancers

31, 45 - high risk of developing into cervical cancer

6, 11 --> low risk of cervical cancer, but 90% correlation with genital warts

Front 11

what are the 3 stages of HPV infection

Back 11

1. Transmittedvia skin to skin contact (sex not required, fingers etc)

2. Enterssquamous cell epithelium (KERATINOCYTES)through micro-abrasions

3. Viralproteins E6 and E7 disruptcell division cycle → virus induces cell to divide → infected cellsoutgrow non infected, may also integrate into genome (even moreexpression and division) → cancer

Front 12

what are the symptoms of herpes simplex virus infection

Back 12

Primary lesions 4-7 days after initial infection

Usually on penis, vulva and possibly intravaginal

Painful genital sores + pain, itching, burning, dysuria,maybe fever, malaise, myalgia

Lesions heal over 3-4 weeks

Front 13

what is neonatal herpes and what are its consequences

Back 13

herpes of the neonate due to vertical transmission

skin and eye disease, cognitive impairment, organ dysfunction, death

Front 14

how does inoculation of invasive aspergillous occur, its complications and symptoms

Back 14

inhalation of IA spores

pneumonia, sinusitis, haemoptysis, chest pain and headache

Front 15

what are the radiography signs of invasive aspergillous

Back 15