Infectious Disease

Front 1

List seven sterile areas of the body

Back 1

brain/CNS, blood, alveoli, bladder/kidneys, peritoneal cavity, heart, eyes

Front 2

what vitamin is produced by microbes in the gut?

Back 2

vitamin K

Front 3

What is the most common normal flora of the skin?

Back 3

staph epidermidis

Front 4

What kind of bacteria is staph epi?

Back 4

gram positive, catalase positive, coagulase negative

Front 5

name four localized normal flora of the skin

Back 5

staph aureus, micrococcus luteus, diptheroids, proprionibacterium acnes

Front 6

list four kinds of gram negative localized normal flora of the skin

Back 6

enterobacter, klebsiella, e.coil, proteus

Front 7

list four aerobes that are normal flora of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract

Back 7

strep, staph, neisseria, haemophilus

Front 8

list three anaerobes that are normal flora of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract

Back 8

clostridia, lactobacilli, peptostreptococci

Front 9

list a fungi species that is a normal flora of the oral cavity and upper respiratory tract

Back 9

candidia

Front 10

name a (sort of) normal flora of the stomach

Back 10

helicobacter pylori

Front 11

name three normal flora of the small intestines

Back 11

strep, lactobacilli, bacteroides

Front 12

name five anerobes of the large intestines

Back 12

bacteroides, bifidobacterium, eubacterium, peptostreoptococcus, clostridium

Front 13

name some aerobic organisms of the large intestines

Back 13

enterococcal, enterobacter, klebsiella

Front 14

name three common urethral flora

Back 14

s epidermidis, enterococci, diphtheroids

Front 15

what kind of bacterium is c diff?

Back 15

spore-forming, anaerobic gram positive rod

Front 16

what are the 3 primary virulence factors for c diff diarrhea?

Back 16

Toxin A, Toxin B, cytolethal distending toxin

Front 17

what are key enzyme targets of cell wall destroying antibiotics?

Back 17

Penicillin Binding Proteins - they help to cross-link peptidoglycans

Front 18

What type of antibiotic (mechanism of action) are beta-lactams?

Back 18

cell wall active

Front 19

name four types of beta lactams

Back 19

penicillins, cephalosporins, carbapenems, monobactams

Front 20

are carbapenems narrow or broad spectrum

Back 20

broad spectrum

Front 21

is vancomycin narrow or broad spectrum?

Back 21

narrow spectrum

Front 22

what is the mechanism of action of vancomycin?

Back 22

glycopeptide inhibitor of cell wall synthesis

Front 23

is daptomycin narrow or broad spectrum

Back 23

narrow

Front 24

what does daptomycin work against?

Back 24

gram positive

Front 25

what does vancomycin work against?

Back 25

gram positives

Front 26

what is the mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones

Back 26

disrupt normal bacterial DNA synthesis

Front 27

are fluoroquiniolones narrow or broad spectrum

Back 27

broad

Front 28

what is the mechanism of action of marolides

Back 28

protein synthesis inhibition

Front 29

are macrolides narrow or broad spectrum

Back 29

narrow

Front 30

name three macrolides

Back 30

ethrythromycin, azithromycin, clarithromycin

Front 31

what is the mechanism of action of linezolid

Back 31

ribosomal protein synthesis inhibitor

Front 32

is linezolid narrow or broad spectrum?

Back 32

narrow

Front 33

what does linezolid work against?

Back 33

gram positives

Front 34

what is the mechanism of clindamycin?

Back 34

inhibition of protein synthesis

Front 35

is clindamycin narrow or broad spectrum?

Back 35

narrow

Front 36

what is the mechanism of action of tetracyclines

Back 36

proteins synthesis inhibition

Front 37

are tetracyclines broad or narrow spectrum

Back 37

narrow

Front 38

name three tetracyclines

Back 38

tetracycline, doxycycline, minocycline

Front 39

what is the mechanism of action of aminoglycosides

Back 39

bind to ribosomal subunit

Front 40

are aminoglycosides narrow or broad spectrum

Back 40

narrow

Front 41

name five aminoglycosides

Back 41

amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, neomycin, streptomycin

Front 42

what is the mechanism of action of sulfonamides

Back 42

folate synthesis inhibitors

Front 43

are sulfonamides broad or narrow spectrum?

Back 43

narrow

Front 44

what are the two most important groups of gram positive cocci?

Back 44

staph and strep

Front 45

what shape are staph found in?

Back 45

clusters

Front 46

what shape are strep and enterococci found in?

Back 46

pairs or chains

Front 47

how to differentiate staph from strep

Back 47

catalase test - staph is positive, strep is negative

Front 48

how to differentiate staph species

Back 48

coagulase test - coagulase positive is staph aureus, negative is s. epi and others

Front 49

how to differentiate strep species

Back 49

hymolysis - beta (lots), alpha (some), gamma (none)

Also Lancefield Group Classification

Front 50

Name four small gram positive bacilli

Back 50

listeria, proprionibacterium, corynebacterium, gardnerella

Front 51

name three large gram positive bacilli

Back 51

clostridium, bacillus, lactobacillus

Front 52

name three branching gram positive bacilli

Back 52

nocardia, actinomyces, erysipelothrix

Front 53

what are the two biochemical tests for differentiating gram negative baccili

Back 53

lactose and oxidase testing

Front 54

name two lactose fermenting oxidase positve gram negative rods

Back 54

aeromonas, pasteurella

Front 55

name four lactose fermenting oxidase negative gram negative rods

Back 55

e. coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter

Front 56

name two non-lactose fermenting oxidase-positive gram negative rods

Back 56

pseudomonas, alcaligenes

Front 57

name eight non-lactose fermenting oxidase-negative gram negative rods

Back 57

proteus, providencia, serratia, morganella, salmonella, shigella, stenotrophomonas, acinetobacter

Front 58

name three gram negative cocci

Back 58

neisseria meningitides, nisseria gonorrhoeae, veillonella

Front 59

name three gram-negative coccobacilli

Back 59

haemophilus influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis, acinetobacter

Front 60

for which culture type can a gram stain not be done on the initial sample?

Back 60

blood

Front 61

what color are gram positive bacteria after staining?

Back 61

purple

Front 62

what color are gram negative bacteria after staining?

Back 62

red

Front 63

what does gamma hemolysis mean?

Back 63

non hemolytic

Front 64

what does alpha hemolysis mean?

Back 64

incomplete lysis of erythrocytes and the formation of green pigment

Front 65

what does beta hemolysis mean?

Back 65

complete disruption of erythrocytes with clearing around the bacterial growth

Front 66

which two antibiotics are less frequently implicated in CDI?

Back 66

TMP-SMX, tetracyclines

Front 67

what is the cure rate for fecal transplant in CDI?

Back 67

>80%