Infectious Disease

Front 1

TB drug that can cause optic neuritis?

Back 1

ethambutol

Front 2

TB drug that can cause peripheral neuritis and hepatitis

Back 2

INH

Front 3

size of positive TB test in pts with HIV or risk factors, close TB contacts, or CXR evidence of TB

Back 3

>5 mm

Front 4

size of positive TB test in indigent/homeless, developing nations, IV drug use, chronic illness, residents of health and correctional institutions

Back 4

>10 mm

Front 5

size of positive TB test in patients with no risk factors

Back 5

>15 mm

Front 6

what can develop in diabetic patients with chronic sinusitis?

Back 6

mucormycosis

Front 7

treatment for acute sinusitis?

Back 7

amox/clav 500 TID x 10 days

Front 8

what should you check for before performing an LP?

Back 8

papilledema or focal neurologic deficits

Front 9

causes of meningitis in newborns?

Back 9

GBS, e. coli/GNR, listeria

Front 10

causes of meningitis in children

Back 10

strep pneumo, neisseria meningitidis, h flu, enteroviruses

Front 11

causes of meningitis in pts 6-60

Back 11

n meningitidis, enteroviruses, strep pneumo, hsv

Front 12

causes of meningitis in pts over 60

Back 12

strep pneumo, GNR, listeria, n. meningitidis

Front 13

presence of RBCs in CSF without a history of trauma indicates what?

Back 13

HSV encephalitis

Front 14

treatment for HSV encephalitis?

Back 14

immediate IV acyclovir

Front 15

treatment for CMV encephalitis?

Back 15

IV ganciclovir +/- foscarnet

Front 16

diagnosis of HIV?

Back 16

ELISA, then western blot (highly specific)

Front 17

indication for pcp prophylaxis

Back 17

CD4< 200

Front 18

indication for MAC prophylaxis

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CD4< 50-100

Front 19

drug for MAC prophylaxis

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weekly azithromycin or daily clarithromycin

Front 20

indicaiton for toxoplasma prophylaxis

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CD4< 100 + positive IgG serologies

Front 21

45 degree branching septate hyphae

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aspergillus

Front 22

5-10 micrometer yesasts with wide capsular halo; narrow-based unequal budding

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cryptococcus

Front 23

irregular broad (empty-looking) non-septate hyphae, wide-angle branching

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mucor

Front 24

CSF with increased leukocyte count with monocytic predominance

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cryptococcal meningitis

Front 25

treatment for cryptococcal meningitis

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IV ampho B; then fluconazole

Front 26

most sensitive tests for histoplasmosis

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urine and serum polysaccharide antigen test

Front 27

treatment for PCP

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TMP-SMX x 21 days; prednisone taper if severe

Front 28

CDR with diffuse, bilateral interstitial infiltrates with ground-glass appearance

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PCP

Front 29

stain to use for PCP

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silver stain

Front 30

most common STD in US

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chlamydia

Front 31

treatment for chlamydia

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doxycycline 100 PO BID x 7 days or azitrhromycin 1 g PO x 1 day

Front 32

treatment for chlamydia in pregnant patient

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erythromcin

Front 33

treatment for gonorrhea

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IM ceftriaxone

Front 34

secondary syphilis

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asymptomatic maculopapular rash on soles and palms and condylomata lata

Front 35

hemorrhagic painful pustules on erythematous bases - what STD

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disseminated gonococcal infection

Front 36

treatment for syphilis

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penicillin

Front 37

treatment for pyelonephritis

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fluoroquinolone

Front 38

what causes gram + shock?

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fluid loss caused by exotoxins

Front 39

what causes gram - shock?

Back 39

vasodilation caused by endotoxins

Front 40

most common cause of osteo in adults? in kids?

Back 40

adults: direct spread from soft tissue infection
kids: hmatogenous seeding (also IVDA)

Front 41

osteo in IVDA?

Back 41

s. aureus or psudomonas

Front 42

osteo in sickle cell

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salmonella

Front 43

osteo and hip replacement

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s. epidermidis

Front 44

osteo in foot puncture wound

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pseudomonas

Front 45

cardiac finding associated with lyme

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3rd degree block

Front 46

diagnosis of lyme?

Back 46

ELISA and western blot (+ ELISA denotes exposure but is not specific for active disease)

Front 47

what does rickettsia rickettsii cause?

Back 47

rocky mountain spotted fever, a small vessel vasculitis

Front 48

treatment of RMSF

Back 48

doxycycline or chloramphenicol

Front 49

diagnosis of RMSF

Back 49

indirect immunofluorescence of rash biopsy

Front 50

hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications, chorioretinitis, and ring-enhancing lesions on head CT

Back 50

toxoplasmosis

Front 51

transmission of toxo

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raw meat or cat feces

Front 52

findings in congenital rubella

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purpuric blueberry muffin rash, cataracts, MR< hearing loss, PDA

Front 53

most common congenital infection?

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CMV

Front 54

findings in congenital CMV

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petechial rash and periventricular calcifications

Front 55

most common cause of endocarditis

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s. aureus

Front 56

most common pathogens for left-sided subacute bacterial endocarditis

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viridans strep

Front 57

most common infecting organism in prosthetic valve endocarditis

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coag negative staph

Front 58

valve most often infected in endocarditis in non-IV drug users

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mitral

Front 59

valves affected in endocarditis in IVDA

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tricuspid> mitral > aortic

Front 60

small tender nodule s on finger and toe pads seen in endocarditis

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osler's nodes

Front 61

small peripheral hemorrhages seen in endocarditis

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janeway lesions

Front 62

subungual petechiae seen in endocarditis

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splinter hemorrhages

Front 63

retinal hemorrhages seen in endocarditis

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roth's spots

Front 64

indications for valve replacement in endocarditis

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PUS RIVER
prosthetic valve
uncontrolled infection
suppurative local complications with conduction abnormalities
resection of mycotic aneurysm
ineffecive antimicrobial therapy (e.g. fungi)
valvular damage (significant)
embolization (repeated systemic)
refractory CHF (or sudden onset)

Front 65

anthrax is occupational hazard for people who do what

Back 65

vets, farmers, people who handle animal wool, hair, hides, bone meal

Front 66

pruritic papule that enlarges to form ulcer surrounded by satellite bulbus/lesion with edematous halo and round raised edge

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lesion in cutaneous anthrax

Front 67

treatment for anthrax

Back 67

penicillin

Front 68

pulmonary fungal infection endemic to southwestern US

Back 68

coccidiomycosis

Front 69

most common organisms in otitis externa

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pseudomonas and enterobacter

Front 70

pain with movement of tragus/pinna

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otitis externa

Front 71

PNA characterized by intracellular inclusion bodies

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CMV

Front 72

triad of periorbital edema, myositis, eosinophilia

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trichinosis

Front 73

with what virus is kaposi's sarcoma associated?

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HHV-8

Front 74

initial treatment for osteo

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blood cx and iv abx

Front 75

tick bite & fever, malaise, myalgias, HA, N/V, leukopenia &/or thrombocytopenia

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erlichiosis

Front 76

halo sign/lesion with air crescent

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aspergillosis

Front 77

south/north central US & lungs, skin, bones, prostate involvement

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blastomycosis

Front 78

warty, heaped up lesions in central US

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blastomycosis