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112 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Measles A.K.A
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Rubeola, hard measles, red measles, morbilli
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Name viruses of paramyxovirus family
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Measles, mumps, RSV, parainfluenza
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other than airborne what are the other ways for viral transmission? And give the example
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fecal-oral = polio
skin contact = chickenpox and herpes zoster |
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Most contagiousof human diseases
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Measles
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When is measles contagious
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2-3 days before fever and 4 days after appearance of rash
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Signs and symptoms of measles
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coryza, fever, cough, conjunctivitis, Koplik's spots, lymphadenopathy, skin rash
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What are Koplik's spots
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red oral mucosal rash with white centers
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describe skin rash associated with measles
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blotchy maculopapular due to vasculitis. begins on face and spreds. last 3-5 days
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What is lymphadenopathy and what does it lead to
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swelling of lymph nodes. It's leads to Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells
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What are Warthin-Finkeldey giant cells and where can they be found mostly
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Multinucleated giant cells formed from lymphoid hyperplasia with lymphatenopathy. Found in cervical nodes
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If someone with measles die what will it be from
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viral or secondary pneumonia of protein malnourished children (especially in poor countries)or encephalitis
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Age of most people that die from measles
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kids < 5 yoa
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what does SSPE stand for
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Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis
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Who usually gets SSPE half of the time
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Those infected with measles before 2 yoa
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When does SSPE occur and what is it
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Years after recovery from measles. A infection of the CNS by a muted virus.Causes gliosis and myelin degeneration.
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why is measles almost eradicated in the U.S.
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human only reservoir, life-long immunity, stable, vaccine introduced,
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Negative side-effects to vaccine toward measles
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demyelinating encephalopathy, supposed autism due to thimerosal ingredient
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Mumps A.K.A.
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infectious parotitis
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What percentage of people exposed to mumps become infected and what percentage of that is asymptomatic
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90%
30% |
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what other conditions can mumps lead to
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parotitis, orchitis, and mastitis, aseptic meningitis, encepahlitis, sensorineural hearing
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can orchitis casue insterility
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n, because it only effects one testical
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what percentage of females infected with the mumps get mastitis
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31%
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peak incidence age for mumps
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5-15 yoa
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Rubella A.K.A.
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german measles, 3 day measles
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Symptoms of rubella
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3 day rash (not distinctive)
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What does CRS stand for and who gets it.
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Congenital Rubella Syndrome. Babies with mother infected during pregnacy.
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When is the fetus most at risk
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first trimester of pregnacy
80% affected |
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what things can CRS casue in an infant
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abortion, cataracts, glaucoma, heart defects, deafness, mental retardation.
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Which childhood virus is an enterovirus
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polio and rotavirus
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how long after infection with polio is the virus shed and when is it most contagious
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5 weeks, most contagious during first week.
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Where does the polio virus multiply
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pharynx and small intestine and then spread
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What other conditions can polio lead
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Paralytic poliomyelitis, and post-polio syndrome
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what is paralytic poliomyelitis
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When polio virus can spread to CNS and casue necrosis of motor neurons resulting i flaccid paralysis
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Can one die from paralytic poliomyelitis
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Yes, when have respiratory paralysis
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What does PPS stand for
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Post-polio syndrome
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When does PPS occur and what happens
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25-35 years after recovery from polio and get muscle weakness in limb effceted
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Is PPS the polio virus reactivated
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No, it is because the effected muscle has less motor neurons.
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what vaccines are used for polio
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IPV and TOPV
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List advantages of TOPV over IPV
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neutralizes wild type by stimulating IgA production, is easier to administer, can stop epidemics
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List disadvantages of TOPV to IPV
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TOPV can revert and become virulent, IPV can lead to iradication
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Chicken pox A.K.A.
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varicella
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how long dos someone stay contagious with chickenpox
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1 day prior to rash until 6 days after rash goes away
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how long does a fever last with chicken-pox
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2-3 days
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In 15% of adult chickenpox cases what can occur
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primal viral pneumonia
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Different complications with chickenpox
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neurological, disseminated, and secondary infections
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What is shingles
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reactivated virus of herpes zoser that is inflammation of DNRG
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How does herpes zoster manifest
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unilateral rash around thoracic area and painful
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Who is most likely to get herpes zoster
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people >60 and develop depression
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Who is at most risk from getting shingles
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Those with cancer such as Hodgkins and immunosuppressed individuals
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Fifth disease A.K.A
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erythema infectiosum and academy rash
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Where do fifth disease infections replicate
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In the nucleus of rapidly growing cells such as skin and bone marrow
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How does fifth disease cause problems in the body
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Replication produces cytopathic effects of erythroid precursors causing interrupted RBC production
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Signs and syptoms of fifth's disease
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Slapped cheek rash on trunk and extremities and arthralgies in hands knees and wrist
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How are those with chronic hemolytic diseases like sickle cell and B-thalassemia effected by fifth's disease
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It deveoping a fatal anemia besides the one they already have and require a transusion
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what % of fetus/mother infected with fifth's disease turn fatal
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10%
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Fifth's disease outbreaks are common within what
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households and schools. basically, closed spaces
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Who is naturally resistant to fifth's disease
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Those who lack P blood group marker and doesn't allow virus to dock
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What does RSV satnd for
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Respiratory Syncytial Virus
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How does RSV manifest in babies, children, adults, and elderly
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babies = bronchiolitis and pneumonia
Children and adults = cold-like illness Elderly = flu-like illness and pneumonia |
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Most severe RSV is seen in which age group and which conditions
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babies <6 months. Also, those immunsuppresed or with congenital heart disease
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What is the most frequent infection exacerbating childhood asthma and adult chronic bronchitis
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RSV
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Why is it difficult to prevent RSV
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Immunity from mom is temporary and vaccine is temporary.
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What age group is effected mostly by parainfluenza
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kids under 3
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another word for croup
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laryngotracheobronchitis
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What is croup
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barking cough and inspiratory stridor characteristic of parainfluenza
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What does the parainfluenza virus do to the body
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infects and kills respiratory epithelium leading to inflammation of airway and obstruct breathing
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Virus that casues the most common cause of infantile diarrhea
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Rotavirus
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Rotavirus can be severe in which type of person
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AIDS patient
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What type of cells do rotavirus infect
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mature enterocytes of small intestine
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How long can rotavirus be excreted
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2-12 days or longer in person is malnourished
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How can a baby get immunity for rotavirus
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IgA from mother but stops at weaning (6 months)
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List the bacterial childhood diseases
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Diptheria, tetanus, Pertussis. Childhood meningitis
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What type of impact has vaccines had on the CFR of diptheria
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went from 1/10 to <100 cases a year in the U.S.
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Who commonly gets Diptheria now
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Non-immunized kids, illegal immigrants and aliens
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Agent that casues Diptheria
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Corynebacterium diptheriae
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What characteristic propert does diptheria have the casues the infected problem
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eotoxin
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Explain diptherias exotoxin
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2 fragments. A&B. A inhibits protein synthesis, and B Docks to the host cell membrane
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How is diptheria transmitted
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Inhaled trough air, ingested in raw milk,
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What is grayish pseudomembrane
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dead respiratory epitheloid cells, bacteria, fibrin, and pus that forms with a diptheria infection
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Outcome of grayish pseudomembrane
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Spread down throat and mess with breathing gas exchange. Or it can be pulled out and cause bleeding and suffocation with broken pieces
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Can diptheria effect our system
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Yes
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Systemic effects of Diptheria
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fatty degeneration of myocardium, liver, adrenals, kidneys, and myelin of PNS
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Are the systemic effects of diptheria reversible after recovery
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some of them. But, cardiac and nervous are not
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If a person becomes immune tho diptheria what are they becomeing immune to
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the exotoxin
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How is diptheria treated
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Antibiotics giving passive immunity with DPT vaccine and antitoxin given in hte shick test
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explain the schick test
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small amount of toxin injected to elicit an immune repsonse within 48 hrs. If no reaction immune and
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Causative agent of tetanus
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clostridium tetani
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pathogenic pproperty of clostridium tetani
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a neurotoxin (exotoxin)blocking reciprocal inhibition and muscles contract at the same time
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How does one get tetanus
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spores introduced in a puncture wound
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The worse prognosis of tetanus is related to what
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Short incubation
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What is risus sardonicus
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when all muscles get rigid and person looks scary
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How can one with tetanus die
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asphyxiation or secondary pneumonia
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High risk groups for tetaus
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drug addicts (IV users), and elderly
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What is tetanus neonatorun
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baby infected with tetanus from an infected umbilicus from getting it cut
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Pertussis A.K.A.
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whooping cough
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Causative agent of pertusis
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Bordetella pertusis
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Pathogenic propeties of whooping cough
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endotoxins and exotoxins such as ctotoxin that kills respiratory epitheloid cells and a pertussis toxin
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What does pertussis toxin do
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induces high lymphocytosis, and inhibits adenyl cyclase that blocks phagocytosis
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3 stages of URT illness with pertussis
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Catarrhal, paroxysmal, and convalescent stage
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Whos at greates risk for whooping cough
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infants
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How is whooping cough controlled
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DPT vaccine and acellular vaccine in Jaapan
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What does the U.S. occurance of diptheria owe to
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Sporadic of incomplete vaccination
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Who is highly contagious with Pertusis
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children < 5 yoa
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Blod loving agent of influenza
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H. flu
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Normal member of nasopharynx flora of 20-50% of adults
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H. flu
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What pathogenic propert does H. flu have that casues the infection
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capsule B- bad
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Second leading cause of otitis media
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H. flu
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What does acute epiglottis lead to
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Death due to respiratory tract obstruction
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Clinical conditions one can have with H. flu
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tonsiltits, pharyngitis, ear infection, acute epiglottitis,childhood meningitis, and pneumonia
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Recovery from childhood meningitis can lead to what
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permanant brain damage, blindness, deafness, MR, CP, and hydrocephaly
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Whos is at greatest ris for h.flu
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< 5 yoa
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Vaccine for H. flu
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Hib vaccine given with DT series at 2, 4, and 6 months
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