Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Lepto
|
-Spirochete
-Nephritis (colonizes renal tubular epithelium), icterus, uveitis -Dx: MAT (Ab, cross rxn w/Lyme)acute and rising >1:800; vax will affect IgG; PCR -Tx: Ampi/amoxicillin (shedding), doxy (clear, shedding) |
|
|
**Lyme (Borrelia)
|
-spirochete
-Ixodes (2-4 days attached) -polyarthritis (IL-8), fever, GN (membranoproliferative)/PLN, myocarditis, less thrombocytopenia than other tick dz -Dx: C6 ELISA for OspC Ab (not in vax), PCR (skin) -Tx: doxy, (ampi, amoxi) -seroconversion precedes signs -vax against OspA (tick); don't vax infected animals -no natural infections in cats, commonly Ab+ |
|
|
**Brucella
|
-gram neg, intracellular (mono, macrophage)
-steroid dependent repro tissue -direct contact with body fluid -abortion, epididymitis, diskospondylitis -Dx: culture/AGID, serology, RSAT (screen) -Tx: doxy+ AG, baytril, neuter -zoonosis=undulant fever |
|
|
***Tetanus
|
-gram pos
-blocks presynaptic inhibitory NT (GABA, glycine) irreversibly; spastic rigidity, trismus, bradycardia -Tx: antitoxin, penicillin or metronidazole |
|
|
**Botulism
|
-gram pos
-prevents presynaptic releases of Ach at NMJ; flaccid paralysis; *irreversible (must form new terminal axons w/fxnl NMJ) -eaten and from GI to CNS via lymphatics -antitoxin only prevents further binding |
|
|
**RMSF
|
-R. Rickettsii
-Dermacentor -vasculitis, skin slough, periph edema, thrombocytopenia -*Dx: IFA, rising titer -Tx: doxy, baytril, chloramphen, tetracycline *prior infection confers protection |
|
|
**Ehrlichia
|
-E canis, platys= rhipicephalus
-E chaff, ewingii= amblyomma -mononuclear cells for canis & chaff -ewingii in granulocytes -cytoplasmic inclusions (morulae) -lameness, thrombocytopenia, proteinuria, wt loss, neuro, pancytopenia, monoclonal gammopathy -platys: platelets (cyclic thrombocytopenia), canis: mononuclear -*Dx: ELISA snap (Ab), IFA -*Tx: doxy, chloramphenicol, imidocarb |
|
|
Bartonella
|
-Gram neg
-Rhipicephalus, fleas, Ixodes -intraerythrocytic -lameness, endocarditis, thrombocytopenia, anemia -Dx: serology, PCR -Tx: Azithromycin, doxy, FQ, AG |
|
|
Toxoplasma
|
-intracellular coccidia
-cats shed oocyst for 7-10 days only, 2-3d to mature -transplacental transmission -acute immune response: IL-12, IFN-gamma; chronic: CD4, 8 T cells (need persistent CMI response to keep tissue bradyzoites under control) -cats: hepatic and pancreatic; dogs: pulmonary -Dx: serology (high IgM acute, high IgG and low IgM chronic) and rising titer; PCR -seronegative cats are highest risk -Tx: clinda |
|
|
**Neospora
|
-intracellular coccidia
-PPP 5 days -*repetitive transplacental transmission can lead to abortions -neural tissue cysts -hindlimb hyperextension in puppies -Dx: ELISA (serum, CSF) -Tx: clinda, TMS and pyrimethamine |
|
|
**Hepatozoonosis
|
-Amblyomma (americanum, US); Rhipicephalus (canis, outside US) INGESTION
-muscle cyst, polyclonal gammopathy, periosteal reaction, hyperesthesia, GN/amyloidosis, GI, high ALP -Dx: muscle biopsy, IFA, PCR -Tx: TMS, pyrimethamine, clinda, decoquinate |
|
|
**Babesia
|
canis: large, Greyhounds, dermacenter?
gibsoni: small, rhipicephalus, Pitbull -intravascular hemolysis, thrombocytopenia, PLN -Dx: PCR -Tx: imidocarb (canis); clinda/metro/doxy or azith (gibsoni) |
|
|
Cytauxzoonosis
|
-Dermacenter
-in macrophages, RBC -hemolysis, fever, icterus -Tx: imidocarb, diminazene |
|
|
**Leishmania
|
-sandflies
-promastigotes infective -skin lesions, GN -**CMI protective -Dx: PCR, Ab -Tx: meglumine, allopurinol |
|
|
**Parvo
|
-replicates in lymphoid cells
-intestinal crypt -cerebellar hypoplasia (kittens <2wk); affects purkinje and granular cells -Dx: fecal ELISA (shed 1-2wks) |
|
|
***Amphotericin B
|
-DOC
-irreversibly binds to ergosterol in cell membrane causing pores to form; immunomodulatory -IV or SQ -Nephrotoxicity (unless using lipid formulation), hepatotoxicity -dose reduction possible if use with ketoconazole |
|
|
Fluconazole
|
-azoles interfere with lanosterol to ergosterol
-use for cryptococcus -renal elimination -crosses BBB, prostate, ocular -not effective for aspergillus |
|
|
Itraconazole
|
-Blasto
-CP450 -hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Griseofulvin
|
interferes with cell membrane synthesis and replication
|
|
|
Blastomycosis
|
-budding yeast
-MS, Ohio river valley (near water) -respiratory, lymphatics (skin, eye, bone), HO, hypercalcemia -Dx: urine Ag test, cytology -Tx: Itra, Ampho B |
|
|
**Histoplasmosis
|
-lungs, lymphatics, GI: *chronic lg bowel diarrhea
-MS, Ohio river valley -Dx: cytology/histo -Tx: ketoconazole, Ampho B (dog); itra (cat) |
|
|
**Cryptococcus
|
-pigeon
-cats: nasal, hematogenous -*Dx: latex agglutination (capsular Ag) -fluconazole; itraconazole, turbinafine, Amph B in dog |
|
|
Coccidioidomycosis
|
-SW
-lungs, hilar ln -chronic cough, wt loss, fever -Dx: cytology, serology -ampho B, azoles |
|
|
**Aspergillus
|
-filamentous
-nasal depigmentation and discharge, disseminated if immunocomp (defective IgA)--osteomyelitis, disko -*Dx: rhino, cytology, *best? histopath? -topical azoles (cidal) except fluconazole |
|
|
**Giardia tx
|
fenbendazole
|
|
|
**FeLV diagnosis
|
-IFA for p27 Ag
|
|
|
**Concurrent infection w/tracheobronchitis
|
Mycoplasma
|
|
|
Diseases w/intracellular organisms
|
Bartonella, ehrlichia, anaplasma, RMSF, mycobacterium, babesia, cytauxzoon, viruses, brucella, other rickettsials, leishmania, trypanasomes, toxo/neospora
|
|
|
**Hookworm transmission
|
-2-3 weeks to mature after passed in stool before re-ingested
-Transmammary (K9), Uncinaria also by trans-placental/transmammary, ingestion, through skin or ingestion of paratenic host |
|
|
**Cryptosporidium
|
-fecal-oral, immed infective
-small bowel diarrhea, self-limiting unless immunocomp -fecal ELISA or oil immersion fecal float; on cell surface |
|
|
**Salmonella
|
-gram -
-found in 30% normal dogs -invades ileal epithelium so get mucosal slough and secretory diarrhea -Tx: amoxi, TMS, FQ, AG; may predispose to resistance/carrier |
|
|
Not killed by Clavamox
|
Enterococci
|
|
|
**Actinomyces, nocardia tx
|
-Actino: Penicillins, clinda, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, Mtz, minocycline (TMS, tetracyclines)
-nocardia: TMS, amikacin, impenem, cipro, 3rg gen cephalosporins |
|
|
**Mycoplasma hemofelis
|
-Dx: PCR
-Tx: enro, doxy |
|
|
**Campy diagnosis
|
-restriction fragment polymorphism
|
