Infections Of The Respiratory System

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how much of the world population is infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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thirty

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Diphtheria is caused by lysogenized bacteria, make a powerful blank that blocks protein synthesis and often results in death

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exotoxin

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Klebsiella

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pneumonia the leading cause of death in stroke patients Street alcoholic and bulimics do to vomit aspiration, lung abscesses and permanent damage with the mortality rate of 85 percent

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antigenic shift

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H and N envelope spikes indicates a major change of influenza viruses, leaving to epidemics /pandemics responsible for Asian flu pandemic of 1957 and the hong kong flu pandemic of 1968

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coryza

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the medical term for the common cold a disease caused by more than 200 different viruses

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the common cold typically begins with a scratchy sore throat followed by lots of sneezing due to increased nasal secretions are thick and yellow finally chest congestion that often leads to

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coughing

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more than a hundred types of blank viruses can cause the common cold

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rhino

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what forms of Corynebacterium diphtheria and Streptococcus pyogenes produces toxins that cause problem

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lysogenized

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why is it recommended that the flu vaccine be administered on an annual basis

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because of its high rate of mutation and difficulty predicting ahead which parents will be most problematic each year

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inhalation anthrax is deadly because the toxin shuts down the blank centers of the medulla oblongata

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respiratory

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strep throat

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is caused by Streptococcus pyogenes since they're over 60 variations recovery from when does not provide immunity to the others many people evenpets may be asymptomatic carriers it is important to treat because of possible complications such a rheumatic fever or scarlet fever

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because influenza viruses for vaccines are grown in eggs

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allergic people should not get the injection, a nasal mist vaccinations not grown in eggs is used instead

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis

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a slow growing bacteria that causes tuberculosis TB multi drug therapy used of overlapping antibiotics for a year necessary to reduce development of antibiotic-resistance

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis can survive

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in dry sputum (spit) for several weeks

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Otitis media

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a middle ear infection a common complication of a cold or nose and throat infections in children

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someone living in a different country received at BCG vaccine when they were young it may be the cause of a positive TB test in the future in this case a blank would be done

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follow-up x-ray

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antigenic shift of H & N envelope spikes indicate a major shift of influenza viruses leading to worldwide epidemics called

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pandemics

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Guillan-Barre syndrome is a complication that may follow influenza, marked my rapid severe but usually temporary ascending bilateral blank

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flaccid paralysis

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tonsillitis

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refers to inflammation of the tonsils and can be caused by a number of bacteria and viruses often accompany strep throat

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when infected, tonsils swell with yellow pus and obstruct the pharynx making swallowing difficult, symptoms include fever reaching 105 and referred pain to be blank

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ears

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causes scarlet fever as a complication of strep throat

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erythrogenic toxin of lysogenized Streptococcus pyogenes

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Diphtheria often is often marked by

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massive swelling of the upper neck bull neck

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causes strep throat this may lead to complications like rheumatic fever lysogenized varieties cause scarlet fever

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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marked by coughing up blood and total exhaustion, its old name was consumption because of the dramatic weight loss, its increasing resurgence and epidemic spread is linked to AIDS, which decreases immunity

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Tuberculosis

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Mycoplasma pneumoniae causes

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atypical or walking pneumonia, marked by low grade fever cough headaches most common in school and college age groups

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the second stage of whooping cough just called

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the paroxsymal stage ,several episodes per day for 1-6 weeks; sieges of coughing so violent the ribs can be broken, wheezing sound while gasping for air between coughs

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scarlet fever is characterized by

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a pinkish red bumpy sand paper like rash caused by circulating toxins that deposit in the skin

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the form of pneumonia also called Legionnaires disease which discovered in 1976 at a convention in Philadelphia 182 people came down with the disease and 29 died; high fever and cough

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legionellosis

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Reyes disease may follow influenza B in children in 2-12 days if

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aspirin is given to lower fever it inhibits interferon production and allows the virus to spread 30% mortality rate in children

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in the early stages of tuberculosis, the bacteria are release when macrophages died and lyse blank form to wall them off

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tubercles

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mastoiditis

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a possible complication of otitis media because of the proximity to the mastoid process

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Legionellosis form pneumonia, discovered following an Legionnaires Convention in Philadelphia 1976 it is spread by a blank

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aerosol mist from fountains and air conditioning vents but not person to person

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the newest deadly strand of avian influenza is

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h5n1 currently can only be spread to people from bird

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the tuberculin skin test

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is used to test for TB harmless proteins from the bacteria is injected under the skin and the result is read in 48 hours a positive test is a firm red swelling due to the delayed hypersensitivity

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the annual flu shot was blank

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inactivated or killed vaccine from 1976 until recently when it was changed to a subunit vaccine .either case you can't get the flu from the flu shot

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the common cold is a

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upper respiratory tract infection caused by many varieties of rhinoviruses an adenovirus . marked by a sore throat increase nasal secretions sneezing chest congestion and cough IgA munity does increase with age

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Streptococcus pneumoniae is a capsulated diplococous responsible for

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70 percent of the cases of bacterial pneumonia

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consumption

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the old name for tuberculosis because of the wasting away of the body to coughing up blood, weight loss and exhaustion

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scarlet fever

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is a complication of strep throat with a lysogenized Streptococcus pyogenes that makes erythrogenic toxin, strawberry tongue occurs

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how many people infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis actually develop the disease

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1 in 10

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more than 30 types of blank can cause severe cold

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adenoviruses

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an opportunistic fungal disease that is one of the definite AIDS diseases and a main cause of death

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Pneumocystis pnuemonia PCP

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the common cold is an upper respiratory tract infection caused by many varieties of rhinoviruses and adenovirus is marked by a blank increased nasal secretion sneezing chest congestion and coughing

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sore throat

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aka San Joaquin Valley fever is caused by inhaled spores of the soil fungus Coccidioides immitis , mild chest pain fever cough and weight loss , recovery likely in a few weeks

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Coccidioidom mycosis

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mycoplasma pneumonia

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causes atypical ot walking pneumonia, low grade fever cough headaches, most common in school and college age groups

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viral forms only account for about 1 percent of pneumonia cases but tend to be more deadly

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SARS sudden acute respiratory syndrome

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carriers of Streptococcus pyogenes include

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many people and even some pets can be asymptomatic

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since 1850 most influenza pandemic originated in

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China

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a leading cause of death in stroke patient Street alcoholics and bulimics do to vomit aspiration lung abcesses and permanent damage with the mortality rate of 85 percent

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Klebsiella pneumonia

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tuberculin skin test is used to test for TB harmless proteins from the bacteria is injected under the skin and result is read in 48 hours a positive test is a firm red swelling due to

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delayed hypersensitivity

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Ghon complexes

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are calcified lesions that show up on TB x-rays

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the first stage of whooping cough

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catarrhal stage symptoms are basically like the common cold

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what can strep throat lead to if untreated

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rheumatic fever or scarlet fever

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used to be against the law on punished by steep fine because it can spread disease

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sitting on the sidewalk

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short for influenza

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flu

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whooping cough

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also called pertussis a bacterial diseases of the respiratory system consisting of a first stage( catarrhal) similar to the common cold followed by second stage (paroxysmal) featuring seiges of coughing so violent that ribs can break

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Bordetella causes

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pertussis also known as whooping cough

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inhalation anthrax toxin shut down the respiratory centers of the blank

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medulla oblongata of the brain

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histoplasmosis plasmosis

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also called spelunkers disease is similar to TB in the chest xray show lung lesions, inhaled spores from bat droppings in small caves and bird droppings in chicken coops causes fungal disease and eastern and central us

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aspirin should not be given to children with viral infections because

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it inhibits interferon production

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Mycobacterium tuberculosis is inhaled to the alveoli of the lungs, where it is phagocytized by Blank instead of being destroyed it survives and even multiplies inside these cells

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macrophage

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sign of diphtheria is a tough leathery blank that developed over the throat mucosa as cells react to exotoxin

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psuedomembrane

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may follow influenza B in children if aspirin is given to lower fever it inhibits interferon production allowing virus to spread, in children 5-15 there's a 30% mortality rates

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Reyes syndrome

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meningitis

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a possible complication of otitis media because of the proximity to the meninges

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what is the common cold

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an upper respiratory tract infection caused by many varieties of rhinoviruses an adenovirus is marked by a sore throat increased nasal secretions sneezing chest congestion and coughing, IgA immunity does increase with age

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Erythrogenic toxin of lysogenized blank causes scarlet fever as a complication of strep throat

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Streptococcus pyogenes

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antigenic drift

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refers to minor annual variations of the influenza viruses many people having unity due to previous infection with a similar strain

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allows Mycobacterium species to be exceptionally Hardy

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waxy lipid embedded in the cell wall this also necessitates acid-fast staining for identification

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the bacteria blank was erroneously named because it was originally thought to cause influenza

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Haemophilus influenza

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to treat a case of diphtheria

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antitoxin must be getting together with antibiotics to neutralize the toxin

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scarlet fever results in

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strawberry tongue the tongue loses its upper membrane and becomes red and enlarged due to erythrogenic toxin made by lysogenized Streptococcus pyogenes

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otitis media is more common in children because

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angle and shape of their eustachian tubes

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the common cold as an upper respiratory tract infection caused by many varieties of rhinoviruses and adenoviruses marked by a sore throat increased blank sneezing chest congestion and coughing

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nasal secretion

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strep throat is also known as

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streptococcal pharyngitis (inflammation of the pharynx)

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also called spelunkers disease is similar to TB in that chest xray show lung lesions , inhaled spores from bat droppings in small caves and bird droppings and chicken coops causes this fungal disease in eastern and central us

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histoplasmosis

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antigenic shift refers to major changes in

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the Hand/or N spikes of influenza virus envelope

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these antibodies on the respiratory mucosa provide natural selection for varied forms of the influenza virus

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IgA

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inhalation anthrax is also known as

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wool sorters disease see more often than people who work closely with animal hides or fur

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influenza is either

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type A with a high mortality
or Type B minor chills fever headache and muscular pain last for a few days

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tonsils are

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masses of lymphoid tissue in the oral pharynx infection is a common occurrence with strep throat

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Coccidioidomycosis

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also known as San Joaquin Valley fever or sometimes just valley fever

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one possible complication of flu is Guillian-Barrie

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this is the biggest outbreak occurred in 1 and a hundred thousand people who were vaccinated in 1976 for the swine flu characterized by severe progressive ascending bilateral flaccid paralysis

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diphtheria was once a major cause of blank and is now vaccinated by Blank and characterized and caused by Blank

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a major cause of death and children D of DPT vaccination, tough grayish pseudomembrane composed of fibrin dead tissue and bacteria forms in the throat and can block airway, caused by Corynebactrium diphtheriae

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Legionella pneumophila

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causes a form of pneumonia called Legionnaires disease

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also called woolsorter's disease seen more often than people who work closely with animal hide or fur

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inhalation anthrax

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some countries still use this to try to prevent tuberculosis and may be the cause of a positive TB test in the future

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BCG VACCINE