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71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the four types of symbiotic relationships between microbes and their host ? |
BENEFIT STATUS Mutualistic HARMED STATUS Commensal Parasitic |
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What is a mutualistic relationship ? |
Mutualistic: both partners benefit in the relationship "Feelings are mutual" |
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Describe a commensal relationship between microbes and their host |
no one is harmed ! neither the host or the microbe is harmed the microbe may just live in us but not harm us |
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Describe a parasitic relationship |
one partner benefits and the other is harmed |
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what is kind of relationship result to a microbe based disease |
Parasitic relationship ; host is harmed |
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Define a pathogen |
A microbe that can cause active diseases |
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the intensity of a disease produced by a pathogen depends on the pathogens |
Virulence; the quality of the virus produces mild virulence vs high virulence |
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define virulence |
the quality of a virus produced by a pathogen |
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TRUE OR FALSE virulence is very similar in pathogens of the SAME species |
false virulence can vary amongst pathogens of the same species |
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TRUE or FALSE some strain of ecoli are highly virulent while some are not if true/false explain why |
TRUE virulence vary amongst pathogens of the same species |
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What factor can make a pathogen more virulent |
passage through animals of the same species |
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A medical lab technician performs the passage of a pathogen from us through different animal than. what lab technique is this ? |
Transposal |
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TRUE OR FALSE Passing a pathogen through different species than the host can attenuate the pathogen making it less virulent. |
TRUE the pathogen becomes less virulent as it is passed through different animals |
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What is the name for microbes that are actively present but do not cause harm |
normal microflora |
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True or false microflora, although they are known not to cause disease they can still become distruptive |
TRUE |
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What is a latrogenic disease. give an example of what can cause this disease |
a disease that is caused by medical procedure not always infectious can be given by a doctors who doesn't wash his hand and deals with a patient |
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What is Idiopathic disease |
Disease that is known to have an unknown cause |
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what are nosocomial infections ? |
infections that are contracting in a hospital or clinic etc with the health care system |
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How do health care associated infections occur? |
through receiving treatment for another condition usually involve a host who already has a compromised(stressed) immune system |
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what are opportunitic agents |
pathogens that take advantage of a hosts weaken immune system and plant a viral infection or disease |
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What is the key to reducing nosocomial infections |
Finding the chain of transmission |
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How can health care systems stop the train of transmission |
by taking standard precautions |
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what are communicable diseases |
they are contagious diseases that are transmittable from host to host |
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what are noncommunicable diseases |
diseases that are not easily transmitted from host to host transmitted from the environment to a person |
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What is microbiome |
a pop. of microbes that reside in the body without causing disease |
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A microbiome is within a host. - the host and the microbes both benefit without causing harm to the host what kind a two relationships are between the host and the microbes |
mutualism commensalism |
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Antibiotic harm gut microbes what can restores the live of of microbes after beiing attact by antibiotics |
probiotics |
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What are the different ways that pathogens can enter humans |
through orifices mouth nose ears eyes skin genitals etc |
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What are vectors ? Give an example |
Vectors are living organism that spread diseases that contracting a disease from an original host then spread it to another host . example a flea feeds of the blood of an infected rat, bites a human and spreads the disease. |
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True or false diseases are only transferred by a vector and cannot be reproduced in the vector |
False diseases can also be reproduced in vector |
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What is herd immunity |
a populations immunity to a disease |
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The human body maintain what kind of relationship with it microbiota |
symbiosis |
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Infection refers to |
the multiplication of a microbe in host and production of inflammation |
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Disease occurs when |
a host loses the competition between itself and the microbe |
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True or false the human microbiome begins in the womb |
false the womb is sterile and the fetus is sterile the human microbiome begins at birth |
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True or false by adulthood the body contains more microbiome cell than human cells |
true |
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What is Pathogenicity |
refers a microbes ability to enter a host and cause disease |
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What is Pathogenicity islands |
refers to gene cluster within a microbe that us responsible for that microbes virulence |
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what is virulence |
the degree of a microbes ability to cause disease in host |
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what is the difference bw exogenous infection and endogenous infections |
Exogenous- when and outside pathogenic microbiotic breaches a host external defences and infects sterile tissue Endogenous- already exsisting microbes in the body such as normal microbiota infect sterile tissue |
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What are opportunistic infections |
when microbes take advantage a a compromised immune system to crease infectious disease |
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what is a primary infection? |
infection that occurs in a healthy body |
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what is a secondary infection |
infection that occur in a already weakened body by a primary infection |
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what are local diseases |
disease that only occur in specific area of the body |
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what are systemic diseases |
diseases spread from tissues to organs to bodily systems |
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what are the 5 stages of disease progression |
incubation ( entry - symptoms) prodromal phase (mild symptoms) Invasive phase (full signs and symptoms); acme period/fulminating phase(climax) (high intensity of symptom) decline (symptoms subside) convalescence ( body returns to normal) |
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During time of infection signs are ________ |
measurable; you can see then |
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During time of infection symptoms ________ |
are feelings |
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Syndromes refer to _______ |
progression |
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What 3 factors characterize diseases |
signs (measurable) symptoms (feelings) syndromes (progression; combination of signs and symptoms) |
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difference between acute disease and chronic disease |
acute : develop rapidly, fade quickly chronic ; develop over time , slower recovery |
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pathogen entry depends on what 2 factors |
adhesion and infectious dose |
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what are the 4 portals (routes) of entry for exogenous pathogen
*hint* PIFS |
inhalation fecal-oral STD parenteral (thru skin)
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define infectious dose |
the number of microbes that enter the body |
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what are adhesins |
structure of pathogens that allow pathogens adhere to specific tissue in the body |
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name 3 specific adhesins of pathogens CFP |
Capsules flagella pili
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what is phagocytosis |
the engulfment of a cell pathogens use phagocytosis by body cells go undetected in the body |
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Pathogens have __________ to health them resist bodily defenses |
Enzyme virulence factors ; help them invade deeper into the tissue |
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What 5 enzymes are produces by pathogens to help then resist bodily defenses |
coagulase streptokinase hyaluronidase leukocidins hemolysins |
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The ability of a pathogen to produce toxins refers to ___________ |
Toxigenicity |
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Toxemia |
the presence of toxin in the blood |
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Name 3 exotoxins |
cytotoxins ( kill cells) neurotoxins (act on nervous system) enterotoxins ( act in GI tract) |
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Antiotoxin |
are produced by the body to neutralize toxins |
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Toxoids |
toxicity has been destroyed but still have immune responses |
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what is released when gram neg. cell disintegrate |
endotoxin |
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An infectious disease that is at low presence in a population but doesn't cause public health problems are know to be |
endemic disease |
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an infection disease that have a high presence a population and cause public health problems are know to be |
epidemic disease |
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what is a pandemic disease |
a disease world wide |
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Difference between an outbreak and a pandemic |
Outbreak is a more contained epidemic pandemic is a worldwide epidemic |
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An individual has recovered from an infectious disease but is still experience affects of the disease this is known as |
sequelae |
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describe the invasive phase of infectious disease |
full signs and symptoms |
