Infection Prevention And Control

Front 1

Symptomatic

Back 1

pathogens multiply and cause clinical signs and symptoms

Front 2

Asymptomatic

Back 2

Clinical signs and symptoms are not present

Front 3

Chain of Infection

Back 3

1. infectious agent or pathogen
2. reservoir
3. portal of exit
4. mode of transmission
5. portal of entry
6. host

Front 4

immunocompromised

Back 4

having an impaired immune system

Front 5

virulence

Back 5

the ability to produce disease
-how strong the microbe is

Front 6

Aerobic bacteria

Back 6

require oxygen for survival and for multiplication sufficient to cause disease

Front 7

anaerobic bacteria

Back 7

thrive where little or no free oxygen is available

Front 8

bacteriostasis

Back 8

prevention of growth and reproduction of bacteria

Front 9

bactericidal

Back 9

destructive to bacteria

Front 10

four stages of infectious process

Back 10

1. incubation period
2. prodromal stage
3. illness stage
4. convalescence

Front 11

health care associated infection

Back 11

iatrogenic: from a procedure
exogenous: from microorganism outside the individual
endogenous: when the pt.'s flora becomes altered and an overgrowth results

Front 12

major sites for HAI infections

Back 12

surgical or traumatic wounds
urinary and respiratory tracts
bloodstream

Front 13

factors influencing infection prevention and control

Back 13

age
nutritional status
stress: adaptation syndrome
disease process
treatments or conditions that compromise the immune response

Front 14

planning

Back 14

preventing exposure to infections organisms
controlling or reducing the extent of infection
maintaining resistance to infection
verbalizing understanding of infection prevention and control techniques

Front 15

implementation

Back 15

health promotion
- education or pt and family
acute care
-treating an infectious process includes eliminating the infectious organisms and supporting the pt's defenses

Front 16

asepsis

Back 16

absence of pathogenic microorganisms

Front 17

aseptic technique

Back 17

practices/procedures that assist in reducing the risk of infection
-medical: includes procedures for reducing the number of organisms present and preventing the transfer of organisms
-surgical: prevents contamination of an open wound, serves to isolate the operative area from the unsterilized environment and maintains a sterile field for surgery

Front 18

standard precautions

Back 18

prevent and control infection
-apply when contact with blood, body fluids, non intact skin, and mucous membranes from all pt
-hand hygiene: instant alcohol before and after providing care
-use soap and water when hands are visibly soiled
-15 seconds

Front 19

disinfection

Back 19

a process that eliminates many or all microorganisms, with the exception of bacterial spores from inanimate objects
-disinfection of surfaces
-high level disinfection which is required for some items such as endospores

Front 20

sterilization

Back 20

the complete elimination or destruction of all microorganisms, including spores

Front 21

principles of surgical asepsis

Back 21

1. a sterile object remains sterile only when touched by another sterile object
2. only sterile objects may be placed on a sterile field
3. a sterile object or field out of the range of vision or an object held below a person's waist is contaminated
4. a sterile object or field becomes contaminated by prolonged exposure to air
5. when a sterile surface comes in contact with a wet, contaminated surface, the sterile object or field become contaminated by capillary action
6. fluid flows in the direction of gravity
7. the edges of a sterile field or container are considered to be contaminated

Front 22

evaluation

Back 22

measure the success of the infection control techniques
-incidents of infections on the floor
-compare the pt's actual response with expected outcomes

Front 23

exposure issues

Back 23

pts and health care personnel are at risk for acquiring infection from accidental needle sticks
-report any contaminated neddlesticks immediately
follow-up for risk of acquiring infection begins with source pt testing
-access to testing the source pt is stated in the