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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
4 things that effect course of infection
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extent of infection, pathogenicity, virulence, host's susceptibility
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Bodies normal defenses against infection
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normal flora, body system defenses, inflammation
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normal flora
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large numbers of microorganisms that reside on the surface and deep layers of skin
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do normal flora cause disease?
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NO
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suprainfection
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change or elimination of normal bacteria leading to infection
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inflammation
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the bodies cellular response to infection
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What does inflammation do?
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delivers fluid, blood products and nutrients to interstital tissues
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necrotic
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dead or dying
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Signs of inflammation
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swelling, redness, heat, pain, tenderness, loss of function
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Signs of systemic inflammation
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fever, leukocytosis, malaise, anorexia, N/V, lymph node enlarge.
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antigen
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foreign material
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Nosocomial Infection
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infection acquired in a healthcare setting
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Community acquired infection
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infection present when admitted to health care facility
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what can decrease incidence of nosocomial infections
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hand washing and aseptic tech.
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Two types of nosocomial infections
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exogenous, endogenous
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exogenous infection
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one resulting from microorganisms outside the body
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endogenous infection
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occurs when normal flora becomes altered and an overgrowth happens
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aseptic technique
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effort to keep ct. as free from exposure to infection causing pathogens as possible
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asepsis
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absence of disease producing microorganisms
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Two types of aseptic technique
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medical asepsis, and surgical asepsis
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Medical asepsis
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procedures used to reduce the number of microo. and prevent spread
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another name for clean technique
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medical asepsis
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Examples of medical asepsis
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hand washing, barrier tech, routine cleaning
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Surgical Sepsis
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prevent microbial contamination
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Another name for surgical asepsis
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sterile technique
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Examples of surgical asepsis
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in surgery
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When is an area considered contaminated in medical asepsis?
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only if it is suspected of containing pathogens
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When is an area considered contaminated in Surgical asepiss?
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if touched by an object that is not sterile
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Can nutrition affect ct. health regarding infection.
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yes
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What might elevated WBC's suggest?
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infection
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Normal lab value for WBC count
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5000-10000 mm cubed
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Normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate
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up to 15 mm/hr for men and 20 mm/hr women
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Normal iron level
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60 - 90 ug/100mL
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Normal results for urinalysis?
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nitrite and leukocyte negative; 0-10 WBC
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What does good infection control begin with?
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prevention
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Some prevention tech to help prevent infection
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good nutrition, hygiene, bed rest and immunizations
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Cleaning
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removal of foreign materials from objects
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What does cleaning generally use?
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water, detergent, scrubbing
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When does cleaning occur?
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before disinfection and sterilization
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What processes disrupt the internal functions of microorganisms?
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disinfection and sterilization
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Disinfection
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process that eliminates almost all pathogenic organisms on objects
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What does disinfection not eliminate
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bacterial spore
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Sterilization
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process that eliminates or destroys all forms of microbial life
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How do you control elimination of reservoirs?
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eliminate sources of body fluids,drainage, or solutions that harbor microbes
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How to control portals of exit
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correct handling of body fluids, covering mouth
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Most important and basic technique to control transmission of pathogens
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hand washing
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Do you wash your hands when visably soiled?
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yes
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do you wash your hands before and after ct. contact?
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yes
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what do you do before performing invasive procedures?
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wash hands
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What do you do after removing gloves?
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wash hands
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how long should you wash your hands for?
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10-15 seconds
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immunocompromised
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compromised immune system
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PPE
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personal protective equipment
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Isolation or barrier protection
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use of PPE
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two tiers of precautions
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standard and transmission based
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what do standard precautions apply to?
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contact with blood, body fluid, nonintact skin, mucous membranes
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3 types of transmission based precautions
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airborne, droplet, contact
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When do you wear a mask or respirator
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splashing or spraying of blood or body fluids may occur
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What do masks do?
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prevent transmission of infections caused by direct contact with mucous membranes
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When is a mask not effective
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when it is moist
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What do you obtain all cultures with?
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sterile equipment
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What does bagging articles do?
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prevents accidental exposure of personnel to contaminated articles and prevents contamination of surround area
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What goes in red colored bags.
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biohazards
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Order of removing PPE
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gloves, masks, gown, eyewear
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