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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
what are the causes of several diseases?
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Microorganisms
malfunctioning of an organ (diabetes) nutritional deficiency (rickets) allergic reaction (asthma) abnormal growth of cells (cancer) |
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infectious disease
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occurs when microorganisms in the body multiply and cause damage to the tissues.
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Two types of infectious diseases?
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Endogenous
Exogenous |
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what are Endogenous diseases?
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diseases that are caused by microorganisms that are normally present on or in the body without causing harm
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what are exogenous diseases?
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diseases that are caused by microorganisms that are not normally present on or in the body but contaminate the body.
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steps of disease development
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source of microorganism
escape of microorganism from the source spread of microorganism to a new person entry of microorganism into the new person infection (survival and growth of microorganism) damage to the body |
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four stages of an infectious disease are:
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incubation
prodromal acute convalescent |
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incubation stage
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the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease disappears.
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prodromal stage
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"running before" disease involves the apperance of early symptoms
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acute stage
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when the symptoms of the disease are maximal and the person is obviously ill.
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convalescent stage
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is the recovery phase
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spread of.microorganisms 4 basic modes of transmission
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direct contact
indirect contact droplet infection airborne infection |
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example of direct contact?
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contact with microorganisms at the source such as in the patients mouth.
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example of indirect contact?
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contact with items contaminated with a microorganisms such as surfaces, hands, contaminated sharps.
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example of droplet infection
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contact with the larger droplets in sprays, splashes, or spatter containing microorganisms
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airborne infection example
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contact with the similar droplet nuclei (aerosol particles) containing microorganisms.
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four basic routes of entry to body
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inhalation
ingestion mucous membranes breaks in the skin |
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what is infection?
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is the multiplication and survival of microorganism on or in our body.
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Two categories host defense against harmful infectious are grouped
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innate defenders
acquired defenders |
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innate host consist of four groups:
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physical barriers
mechanical barriers antimicrobial chemicals cellular barriers |
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what is acquired immunity
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is the body's natural defense against infection.
this system is always ready to respond to microbial infections, but does not do so until after an infection has occurred |
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long term immunity
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body remebers the invading microorganisms and is capable of destroying it so that we do not get the same disease.
notable exceptions include dental caries periodontal disease and gonorrhea |
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artificial immunity
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involves being immunized or vaccinated against a specific disease
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damage to the immune system
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activation of the immune system by certain antigens can cause damage
damage usually occurs at the body site exposed to the allergen. |
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Antibodies are best defined as:
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proteins made in the body that bind to and destroy microbes and other antigens
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allergies are best defined as
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immune responses that cause damage to the body
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the incubation stage of an infectious disease occurs
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after the contamination and before the symptoms
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the difference between droplet amd airborne infections is that
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airborne infections are caused by smaller infectious particles
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the material in a vaccine that stimulates an immune response is called
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antigen
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which of the following is an infectious disease
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tissue damage caused by a microorganism
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dental carriers is what type of infectious disease
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Endogenous
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in the development of infectious disease, which step follows the spread of a microorganism to a new person?
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Entry of the microorganism.
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what is the most significant source of.infectious disease in the dental office.
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Patients mouth.
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in the dental office the spread of infectious disease does not usually originate from patients in which stage of disease?
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Acute.
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A fimite is present in which mode of disease transmission.
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indirect contact.
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tuberculosis is usually contracted through which route of entry
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Inhalation
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what are antigens?
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infectious agents stimulate the immune response.
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what are opportunistic pathogens?
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these agents cause disease only when given a special opportunity to enter deeper tissues of the body.
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what are some examples exogenous diseases?
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most infectious diseases are ex, hepatitis b, strep throat, AIDS, measles, chicken pox, the common cold, and influenza.
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what are examples of endogenous diseases?
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oral endogenous infectious diseases caused by normal oral flora are dental caries, pulptitis, periodontal diseases.
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what are standard precautions?
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standard precautions combines the concept of universal precautions( the need to treat blood and other body fluids from all patients as potentially infectious) with body substance isolation( designed to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens from moist body surfaces. into one set of standards.
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what are asymptomatic Carrier's?
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persons who gave disease agents on or in their bodies but have no recognizable symptoms of the disease.
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Asymptomatic carriers
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are probably the most important source for spread of disease agents because they may spread pathogens to others and not even be aware that they are infected.
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what does malaise mean?
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not feeling well
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enhancement of infection+
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microorganisms present on or in the body multiply if the conditions are appropriate
the body attempts to counteract harmful microbial products |
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interference with host defenses
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many microorganisms are pathogenic and interfere with the host defense mechanisms
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direct damage to body
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bacteria can kill cells or damage tissue
viruses cause damage by killing or interfering with normal cell function |
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what are innate defenses
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there always active
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what are acquired defenses
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must be stimulated to become active
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what are physical barriers
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skin
mucous membranes architecture or respiratory tree |
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what are mechanical barriers
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washing action of secretions and excretions
sticky nature of mucous membrane cells coughing and sneezing hair in the nose |
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what are antimicrobial chemicals
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hydrochloric acid in stomach
organic acids on skin and in vagina lysozyme phagocytic killing systems |
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what are cellular barriers
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phagocytes
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what system is always ready to respond to microbial infections?
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mechanical barriers
does not do so until after infection has occurred. |