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54 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
what are the causes of several diseases?
Microorganisms
malfunctioning of an organ (diabetes)
nutritional deficiency (rickets)
allergic reaction (asthma)
abnormal growth of cells (cancer)
infectious disease
occurs when microorganisms in the body multiply and cause damage to the tissues.
Two types of infectious diseases?
Endogenous
Exogenous
what are Endogenous diseases?
diseases that are caused by microorganisms that are normally present on or in the body without causing harm
what are exogenous diseases?
diseases that are caused by microorganisms that are not normally present on or in the body but contaminate the body.
steps of disease development
source of microorganism
escape of microorganism from the source
spread of microorganism to a new person
entry of microorganism into the new person
infection (survival and growth of microorganism)
damage to the body
four stages of an infectious disease are:
incubation
prodromal
acute
convalescent
incubation stage
the time from the moment of exposure to an infectious agent until signs and symptoms of the disease disappears.
prodromal stage
"running before" disease involves the apperance of early symptoms
acute stage
when the symptoms of the disease are maximal and the person is obviously ill.
convalescent stage
is the recovery phase
spread of.microorganisms 4 basic modes of transmission
direct contact
indirect contact
droplet infection
airborne infection
example of direct contact?
contact with microorganisms at the source such as in the patients mouth.
example of indirect contact?
contact with items contaminated with a microorganisms such as surfaces, hands, contaminated sharps.
example of droplet infection
contact with the larger droplets in sprays, splashes, or spatter containing microorganisms
airborne infection example
contact with the similar droplet nuclei (aerosol particles) containing microorganisms.
four basic routes of entry to body
inhalation
ingestion
mucous membranes
breaks in the skin
what is infection?
is the multiplication and survival of microorganism on or in our body.
Two categories host defense against harmful infectious are grouped
innate defenders
acquired defenders
innate host consist of four groups:
physical barriers
mechanical barriers
antimicrobial chemicals
cellular barriers
what is acquired immunity
is the body's natural defense against infection.
this system is always ready to respond to microbial infections, but does not do so until after an infection has occurred
long term immunity
body remebers the invading microorganisms and is capable of destroying it so that we do not get the same disease.
notable exceptions include dental caries periodontal disease and gonorrhea
artificial immunity
involves being immunized or vaccinated against a specific disease
damage to the immune system
activation of the immune system by certain antigens can cause damage
damage usually occurs at the body site exposed to the allergen.
Antibodies are best defined as:
proteins made in the body that bind to and destroy microbes and other antigens
allergies are best defined as
immune responses that cause damage to the body
the incubation stage of an infectious disease occurs
after the contamination and before the symptoms
the difference between droplet amd airborne infections is that
airborne infections are caused by smaller infectious particles
the material in a vaccine that stimulates an immune response is called
antigen
which of the following is an infectious disease
tissue damage caused by a microorganism
dental carriers is what type of infectious disease
Endogenous
in the development of infectious disease, which step follows the spread of a microorganism to a new person?
Entry of the microorganism.
what is the most significant source of.infectious disease in the dental office.
Patients mouth.
in the dental office the spread of infectious disease does not usually originate from patients in which stage of disease?
Acute.
A fimite is present in which mode of disease transmission.
indirect contact.
tuberculosis is usually contracted through which route of entry
Inhalation
what are antigens?
infectious agents stimulate the immune response.
what are opportunistic pathogens?
these agents cause disease only when given a special opportunity to enter deeper tissues of the body.
what are some examples exogenous diseases?
most infectious diseases are ex, hepatitis b, strep throat, AIDS, measles, chicken pox, the common cold, and influenza.
what are examples of endogenous diseases?
oral endogenous infectious diseases caused by normal oral flora are dental caries, pulptitis, periodontal diseases.
what are standard precautions?
standard precautions combines the concept of universal precautions( the need to treat blood and other body fluids from all patients as potentially infectious) with body substance isolation( designed to reduce the risk of transmission of pathogens from moist body surfaces. into one set of standards.
what are asymptomatic Carrier's?
persons who gave disease agents on or in their bodies but have no recognizable symptoms of the disease.
Asymptomatic carriers
are probably the most important source for spread of disease agents because they may spread pathogens to others and not even be aware that they are infected.
what does malaise mean?
not feeling well
enhancement of infection+
microorganisms present on or in the body multiply if the conditions are appropriate
the body attempts to counteract harmful microbial products
interference with host defenses
many microorganisms are pathogenic and interfere with the host defense mechanisms
direct damage to body
bacteria can kill cells or damage tissue
viruses cause damage by killing or interfering with normal cell function
what are innate defenses
there always active
what are acquired defenses
must be stimulated to become active
what are physical barriers
skin
mucous membranes
architecture or respiratory tree
what are mechanical barriers
washing action of secretions and excretions
sticky nature of mucous
membrane cells
coughing and sneezing
hair in the nose
what are antimicrobial chemicals
hydrochloric acid in stomach
organic acids on skin and in vagina
lysozyme
phagocytic killing systems
what are cellular barriers
phagocytes
what system is always ready to respond to microbial infections?
mechanical barriers
does not do so until after infection has occurred.