Infection Control And Osha Standards Ssc

Front 1

The nurse is caring for a group of hospitalized patients. What should the nurse do first to prevent patient infections?
1) provide small bedside bags to dispose of used tissues
2) encourage staff to avoid coughing near patients
3) administer antibiotics as ordered
4) identify patients at risk

Back 1

Identify patients at risk

Front 2

The nurse identifes that a patient has an inflammatory response. Which local patient adaptation supports this conclusion?
1) fever
2) erythema
3) bradypnea
4) tachycardia

Back 2

Erythema

Front 3

The nurse identifies that the greatest risk for a wound infection exists fora patient with a:
1) surgical creation of a colostomy
2) first-degree bun on the back
3) puncture of the foot by a nail
4) paper cut on the finger

Back 3

Puncture of the foot by a nail

Rationale: a nail is a soiled object that has the potential of introducing pathogens into a deep wound

Front 4

The nurse understand that the skin protects the body from infections because the:
1) cells of the skin are constantly being replaced, thereby eliminating external pathogens
2) epithelial cells are loosely compacted on skin, providing a barrier against pathogens
3) moisture on the skin surface prevents colonization of pathogens
4) Alkalinity of the skin limits the growth of pathogens

Back 4

Cells of the skin are constantly being replaced thereby eliminating external pathogens

Front 5

A patient is positive for C. diff. The nurse should institute the isolation precaution known as:
1) droplet
2) contact
3) reverse
4) airborne

Back 5

Contact Precautions

Front 6

Which patient information collected by the nurse reflects a systemic adaptation to a wound infection?
1) hyperthermia
2) exudate
3) edema
4) pain

Back 6

Hyperthermia

Hyperthermia is a common systemic adaptation to infection

Front 7

The nurse is caring for patients with a variety of wounds. The nurse understands that healing by primary intention most likely occurs with:
1) cuts in the skin from a kitchen knife
2) excoriated perianal areas
3) abrasions of the skin
4) pressure ulcers

Back 7

A cut in the skin from a kitchen knife

Rationale: a cut in the skin caused by a sharp instrument with minimal tissue loss can heal by primary intention when the wound edges are lightly pulled together

Front 8

The nurse understands that the factor that places a patient at the greatest risk for developing an infection is:
1) implantation of a prosthetic device
2) presence of an indwelling urinary catheter
3) burns over more than 20% of the body
4) multiple puncture sites from laproscopic surgery

Back 8

Burns over more than 20% of the body

Front 9

The nurse understands that a secondary line of defense against infection is:
1) mucous membranes of the respiratory tract
2) urinary tract environment
3) integumentary system
4) immune response

Back 9

The immune response

Rationale: it is a specific, secondary life of defense against pathogenic microbes

Front 10

The nurse understands which primary defense protects the body from infection?
1) tears in the eyes
2) alkalinity of gastric secretions
3) bile in the GI system
4) moist environment of the epidermis

Back 10

Tears

Rationale: Tears flush the eyes of microbes and debris and are a primary nonspecific defense that protects the body

Front 11

The nurse understands that an example of an iatrogenic infection is a:
1) vaginal infection in a postmenopausal woman
2) respiratory infection contracted from a grandchild
3) urinary tract infection in a PT who is sedentary
4) wound infection caused by unwashed hands of a caregiver

Back 11

Wound infection caused by unwashed hands of a caregiver

Rationale: Iatrogenic refers to a disease caused by the effects of some medical treatment

Front 12

The nurse understands that a primary defense that protects the body from infection is:
1) antibiotic therapy
2) the high pH of the skin
3) cilia in the respiratory tract
4) The alkaline environment of the vagina

Back 12

Cilia in the respiratory tract

Front 13

What four factors determine whether the person develops an infection once a pathogen gains entry into the host?

Back 13

Virulence
Ability of the organism to survive in the host environment
Number of organisms
Ability of the host defenses to prevent infection

Front 14

Define reservoir

Back 14

A place where pathogens survive/multiply (a source of infection)

Front 15

What are the five stages of infection?

Back 15

Incubation
prodromal stage
illness
decline
convalescence

Front 16

What are the modes of transmission for microorganisms from the reservoir to the host?

Back 16

Direct contact (hands)
Indirect contact (fomite)
Droplet (Sneeze)
Airborne
Vector (mosquito)

Front 17

What are factors that influence a cllient's susceptibility to infection?

Back 17

Developmental stage (young and old)
Breaks in the skin
illness/injury
chronic disease
smoking/substance abuse
multiple sex partners
medications that tinhibit/decrease immune response
nursing/medical procedures

Front 18

During what stage would the first appearance of vague symptoms be present?

Back 18

Prodromal stage (not all infections have this stage)

Front 19

What is the normal WBC range?

Back 19

5,000-10,000

Front 20

When would contact precautions be implemented?

Back 20

For organisms spread by direct contact. This is the most common form of transmission

Front 21

When would you implement droplet precautions?

Back 21

For pathogens spread through close respiratory or mucous membrane contact. (pathogens do not stay in air long)

Front 22

When would you implement airborne precautions?

Back 22

For pathogens that are very small and remain infectious when suspended in the air. Easily transmitted through air currents and remain suspended in the air after coughing, sneezing, etc.

Front 23

What are the environmental requirements for contact precautions?

Back 23

regular room using standard and universal precautions

Front 24

What are the environmental requirements for droplet precautions?

Back 24

Place patient in a single room or room with another person with same illness. Limit patients movement within the facility and they must wear a mask outside the room.

Front 25

What are the environmental requirements for airborne precautions?

Back 25

Person should be placed in an airborne isolation room if possible. Air exhaust to outside or recirculated with HEPA filtration.

Front 26

What are the PPE requirements for contact precautions?

Back 26

Gloves
Gown
Mask
(Standard Precautions)

Front 27

What are the PPE requirements for droplet precautions?

Back 27

Surgical mask within 3 ft. of the patient

Front 28

What are the PPE requirements for airborne precautions?

Back 28

Gown
Goggles or face mask
Respirator